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Toponia at the HL-LHC and FCC-ee
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abstract
The hint of a pseudoscalar toponium state at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) opens a new avenue for studying a novel class of QCD (quasi-)bound states with comparable formation and decay times. Compared with charmonium and bottomonium, toponium is a quasi-bound state, resembling a hydrogen atom of the strong interaction, although it appears as a broader resonance. We compute the masses and annihilation decay widths of the lowest $S$-wave ($\eta_t$, $\psi_t$) and $P$-wave ($\chi_{t0}$, $\chi_{t1}$) toponium states, and assess their discovery prospects at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and future lepton colliders, such as the $e^+e^-$ stage of the Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee). Detecting the vector $\psi_t$ state at the HL-LHC is hindered by the Landau-Yang theorem and the gluon-dominated production environment of the collider, whereas lepton colliders offer promising sensitivity through both constituent and two-body decays. A more precise measurement of the $\eta_t$ mass, approximately equal to that of $\psi_t$, at the LHC could help determine the optimal $t\bar{t}$ threshold center-of-mass energy for FCC-ee. The $P$-wave states remain challenging to observe at both the HL-LHC and future lepton colliders. We also discuss how toponium measurements can be used to probe top-quark properties and to conduct indirect searches for new physics, including light scalars that couple to the top quark.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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New physics in toponium's shadow?
Consistently including toponium bound-state effects inside the new-physics amplitude, not just the Standard Model one, reshapes the allowed mass–coupling region for a top-philic pseudoscalar near the top-antitop threshold.
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Topped baryons from QCD sum rules
QCD sum rules in HQET predict ground-state singly topped baryon masses near 174 GeV, some 1.1-1.5 GeV above the top quark pole mass.
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Toponium Spectrum in the Complex-Energy Plane
Toponium's T-matrix poles survive at realistic top width, supporting a quasi-bound-state interpretation despite the spectrum appearing as a single broad peak.
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Phenomenology of Hypothetical Single-Top Hadronic States
QCD sum-rule calculations yield single-top baryon and meson masses near the top-quark mass, with a few channels slightly below the naive quark-sum threshold.
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Triple top baryon $\Omega_{ttt}$
The triple-top baryon Ωttt is predicted to have mass 513.58 GeV, binding energy 4.13 GeV, and a dominant W+W+W+bbb decay, with production cross sections too small to observe at near-future colliders.
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The S-wave topped meson
The first four S-wave t-bar-b and t-bar-c quasi-bound states are predicted roughly 5.1/5.4/5.6/5.7 GeV and 1.9/2.2/2.5/2.6 GeV above the top-quark mass.
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Examining possible doubly topped baryon configurations
QCD sum rules give doubly topped baryon masses of 345-350 GeV, essentially the sums of the constituent quark masses, with no sign of genuine binding.
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