Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs

As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 15 of 15 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2506.16151.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.16151 v1

Coverage vector

measured 15 of 15 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T23:49:03.067212Z

measured 16 of 16 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-14T02:33:34.084111Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

15 of 15 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy9
unresolved6
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation afe7007e-c87e-408f-b17d-68e7819b07ec · outbound

This paper cites 2011.Badan L.

Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs 2011.Badan L

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:49:05.843397Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 7fb12491-b9cf-427a-9211-925d9b616707 · outbound

This paper cites InProceed- ings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 12216–12235.

Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs InProceed- ings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 12216–12235

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:49:04.848932Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 3f2096ab-4ac4-4501-a67b-da98310bbbaa · outbound

This paper cites A Survey on Large Language Models with Multilingualism: Recent Advances and New Frontiers.

Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs A Survey on Large Language Models with Multilingualism: Recent Advances and New Frontiers

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:49:02.206844Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9aef4b8d-6e73-4fcb-a5ce-3f916a028216 · outbound

This paper cites https://transformer-circuits.pub/2025/ attribution-graphs/biology.html.

Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs https://transformer-circuits.pub/2025/ attribution-graphs/biology.html

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:49:04.513340Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation a859a4d8-1a1c-482c-a486-3b6fbf020d06 · outbound

This paper cites Aneta Pavlenko.

Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs Aneta Pavlenko

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:49:02.441223Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation de15f970-bb42-4964-8ad0-1b1bbc0b89aa · outbound

This paper cites Do Multilingual LLMs Think In English?.

Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs Do Multilingual LLMs Think In English?

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:49:02.577676Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3e1e57a4-1988-48d7-a3fe-5e901f08396f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:49:03.957493Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 02c62711-0e25-442a-a17f-792085e3337a · outbound

This paper cites InProceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (V olume 1: Long Papers), pages 15366–15394, Bangkok, Thai- land.

Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs InProceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (V olume 1: Long Papers), pages 15366–15394, Bangkok, Thai- land

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:49:03.651393Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 613f44a6-2b31-4c12-a052-bd9657ced9e3 · outbound

This paper cites InFindings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2024, pages 9191– 9200, Bangkok, Thailand.

Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs InFindings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2024, pages 9191– 9200, Bangkok, Thailand

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:49:03.410487Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 4a380caa-339e-417a-aa45-80ff1baa914c · outbound

This paper cites InProceedings of the 2019 ACL Workshop BlackboxNLP: Analyzing and Interpreting Neural Networks for NLP, page.

Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs InProceedings of the 2019 ACL Workshop BlackboxNLP: Analyzing and Interpreting Neural Networks for NLP, page

Reference 2019

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:49:05.359723Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation c71894bb-55ea-4b02-b43c-7250d45e3ff6 · outbound

This paper cites InProceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pages 8718–8735, Online.

Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs InProceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pages 8718–8735, Online

Reference 2020

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:49:05.685025Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 724f3ccd-85f4-44f6-bb64-70424f810d0b · outbound

This paper cites InNeurIPS 2022 Workshop on Neuro Causal and Symbolic AI (nCSI).

Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs InNeurIPS 2022 Workshop on Neuro Causal and Symbolic AI (nCSI)

Reference 2022

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:49:04.249685Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation a9796a80-f45e-44c3-933d-c2c231c3897a · outbound

This paper cites Qwen Technical Report.

Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs Qwen Technical Report

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:49:01.312344Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9a698260-c03c-4637-93bb-3f0bf61a6b7e · outbound

This paper cites Association for Computational Lin- guistics.

Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs Association for Computational Lin- guistics

Reference 2024

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:49:05.098121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 24c02a5a-219c-4ed9-bf48-195b2926909b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 2025

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T23:49:05.519501Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation b99e2635-3d74-43cf-9a95-2285af47377d · inbound

Inside the Unfair Judge: A Mechanistic Interpretability Account of LLM-as-Judge Bias cites this paper.

Inside the Unfair Judge: A Mechanistic Interpretability Account of LLM-as-Judge Bias Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs

Reference 204

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T02:33:34.084111Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.