Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T22:43:41.843817Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 59 of 59 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2507.02928.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T22:43:41.843817Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
59 of 59 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation a03bcf97-2075-4062-a7cb-fdf48d4263fb · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Extracting Self-Consistent Causal Insights from Users Feedback with LLMs and In-context Learning
Reference 1
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Observation 06e3fb15-5553-4929-beef-d9a3378eb64c · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Estimating conditional average treatment effects.Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 33(4):485–505, 2015
Reference 2
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Observation ef7a40c8-c3e1-41d6-9371-54a919e09ca3 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models The costs of low birth weight.The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120(3):1031–1083, 2005
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 0ddb067e-3b4d-4e8f-9d50-12b04be65a8a · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Concentration of kernel matrices with application to kernel spectral clustering.The Annals of Statistics, 49(1):531–556, 2021
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation eb527eac-c250-4150-ade8-7be219ea08fd · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 5
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Observation 00e04e93-7349-4efd-970d-2912074e24cd · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Counterfactual representation learning with balancing weights
Reference 6
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Observation e0cbf440-fca3-489c-ae7f-55d85717fd0e · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Bellemare, Jeffrey R
Reference 7
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Observation 3af8da80-2af5-4d26-aff0-57884a4b1618 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Some practical guidance for the implementation of propensity score matching.Journal of economic surveys, 22(1):31–72, 2008
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation fb819caf-35f2-4e3d-9fa9-c51d3cb1471a · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Quantifying and Mitigating Unimodal Biases in Multimodal Large Language Models: A Causal Perspective
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8fdd67f4-a6bc-4a01-87ad-c4363b734597 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Causal Evaluation of Language Models
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 6a905d9b-b9ba-421b-872f-950fbc1a5759 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models End-To-End Causal Effect Estimation from Unstructured Natural Language Data
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation e45c393d-38d0-49cd-ae97-e3bd20c1d733 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Franks, Alexander D’Amour, and Avi Feller
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 7bc88e08-6219-40a2-be10-09617bb68dc0 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Fulcher, Ilya Shpitser, Stella Marealle, and Eric J
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 3c7b400c-f452-41bf-90ad-cc196df9ea36 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Causal inference in sociological research.Annual review of sociology, 36(1):21– 47, 2010
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation f5e25fc0-635a-474d-9581-a23b4e25b9dc · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models The Llama 3 Herd of Models
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation ba0bc2f9-e674-493e-861c-9a19344e0c2a · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models A review of instrumental variables estimation of treatment effects in the applied health sciences.Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology, 7:159–179, 2007
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 5191cd97-946f-4d48-a74c-82a9da75cb89 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2a8b8506-9ede-4163-b8f0-eeecc9da0f83 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Causal agent based on large language model.arXiv preprint arXiv:2408.06849, 2024
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b1a5cd6d-8288-4629-a9fd-d4dfd25f3472 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Combining Observational and Randomized Data for Estimating Heterogeneous Treatment Effects
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 898a40ee-c3e4-41f8-b742-d8fea2b58f0e · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Bayesian nonparametric modeling for causal inference.Journal of Computa- tional and Graphical Statistics, 20(1):217–240, 2011
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 9cf20a5d-0fb9-47ff-bf13-df3cf4ae9323 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models GPT-4o System Card
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 8db0487e-84fe-4d56-bbe7-eee3234b537e · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Reasoning Elicitation in Language Models via Counterfactual Feedback
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation ab26a480-d3cb-4fc3-981e-34360fdcffe0 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Causal representation learning with generative artificial intelligence: Application to texts as treatments, 2024
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 0a4a19b4-08b0-477b-a23b-812234df269a · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Instrumental variables: An econometrician’s perspective.Political Methods: Quantitative Methods eJournal, 2014
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation a8210b34-e267-4049-9981-29710f172439 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Quantifying ignorance in individual-level causal-effect estimates under hidden confounding
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 68a69d67-9114-4891-9068-747530a69d06 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Cladder: Assessing causal reasoning in language models.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36:31038–31065, 2023
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 78133682-ef60-4838-bfe0-7e7292af20af · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Removing Hidden Confounding by Experimental Grounding
Reference 27
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Observation 8a25f630-d8eb-4cfc-bd75-89609576b86f · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Metalearners for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects using machine learning.Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 116(10):4156–4165, 2019
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ab1b23ce-090b-4449-a574-81b159ceadab · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Evaluating the econometric evaluations of training programs with experi- mental data.The American economic review, pages 604–620, 1986
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation f0d1e105-7c46-492f-832a-2392f455dee7 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Removing hidden confounding in recommendation: A unified multi-task learning approach
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 004a346d-a617-463b-a5d0-1a7c198aab92 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Optimizing Language Models for Human Preferences is a Causal Inference Problem
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 212dcd85-b624-4b20-9b1f-739bf00a259f · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Text-Transport: Toward Learning Causal Effects of Natural Language
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation fb7a3bbf-4110-46d0-bfd4-05a9442468f7 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Discovery of the hidden world with large language models, 2024
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 3419b8ba-7923-4f80-9f88-2288e98ecce0 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Causal effect inference with deep latent-variable models.Advances in neural information processing systems, 30, 2017
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 2c3750b8-1300-405e-beed-b1d2c0f4a7e5 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Causal Inference with Large Language Model: A Survey
Reference 35
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Observation a073a52a-5d55-4898-8c70-1f9f0f5def2a · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Answering causal questions with augmented llms
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation f3a3d661-39c8-4778-aef0-ef47d12e151d · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Causal inference in statistics: An overview.Statistics Surveys, 3:96–146, 2009
Reference 37
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Observation 7363ed82-7dff-41d6-a07a-7eda37832e05 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Basic books, 2018
Reference 38
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Observation 8944b893-9fd0-4d37-ab0a-46568f554029 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Sutherland, and Arthur Gretton
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 1f18cf20-0feb-4ee5-b9e6-fb2568655cf2 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Causal inference and counterfactual prediction in machine learning for actionable healthcare.Nature Machine Intelligence, 2(7):369–375, 2020
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation efbc5e44-2be9-4f93-aac9-aaea6e177826 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Qwen2.5 technical report, 2025
Reference 41
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Observation f6ed3eb6-bd74-491d-97f5-09e7e8b259a8 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Robins, Avshalom Caspi, and Terrie E
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation c9cb55e6-f272-471a-b5c0-89aea9f928b6 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Rosenbaum and Donald B
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 95fd65c2-3c80-4a3b-9727-e2524f82a875 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Causal inference using potential outcomes: Design, modeling, decisions
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation df5bd7ff-81cf-403d-8399-278a32d42f5b · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Front-door Adjustment Beyond Markov Equivalence with Limited Graph Knowledge
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 6763454c-8c36-4231-9310-964028c09f74 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Estimating individual treatment effect: generalization bounds and algorithms
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 7598c1b6-71ef-4564-a070-2886acb6f88f · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models End-to-end cost-effective incentive recommendation under budget constraint with uplift modeling
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 4153088e-4fe9-43bd-bd77-1f9d1ee3f575 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Causal abstraction for chain-of-thought reasoning in arithmetic word problems
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 257d48b2-37d1-47fa-8e62-e2806def2c64 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Causal inference in economics and marketing.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(27):7310–7315, 2016
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation be4a7ec7-9c2b-4bb1-892b-3c5f77e75ed6 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Sense and Sensitivity Analysis: Simple Post-Hoc Analysis of Bias Due to Unobserved Confounding
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation d5b2b5e2-175d-429b-9bbf-9649b1897894 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Optimal transport for treatment effect estimation
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 0288a183-9f7a-4733-84d1-5bf307df69b9 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 6b21ee1e-09f0-49db-a20e-93fcb44fe02d · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Li, and Fei Wu
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 4ec5c7e3-6e0b-4f09-bdaa-a40482daf086 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Stable estimation of heteroge- neous treatment effects
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation d5625606-bfc1-44cf-a1c1-eeae08be5566 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Integrative r-learner of heterogeneous treatment effects combining experimental and observational studies
Reference 55
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Observation 7c6b4781-d4aa-4b61-8d3f-50d830300865 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Representation learning for treatment effect estimation from observational data.Advances in neural information processing systems, 31, 2018
Reference 56
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Observation dac0ff39-0c98-44a3-bdaa-5dd7f47e7b80 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models Causal-cog: A causal-effect look at context generation for boosting multi-modal language models
Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 36d700d4-69ed-4762-82f7-f95f62669b50 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models The unobserved counterfactual remains inaccessible
Reference 58
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Observation 280c36e3-d8ff-4312-a310-5594c7cdf053 · outbound
Mitigating Hidden Confounding by Progressive Confounder Imputation via Large Language Models To address these challenges, [38] proposed a two-stage framework
Reference 59
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.