Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-11T11:50:26.030339Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 5 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 34 of 34 outbound references and 23 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2507.16806.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-11T11:50:26.030339Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T07:02:40.647686Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: pith, observed 2026-07-10T01:16:41.377531Z
34 of 34 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 0b7d3200-c7e3-4215-9e60-38b7914c7068 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty On Verbalized Confidence Scores for LLMs
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 927f5937-e63b-4851-ad4d-b1db1700c5f5 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty Unresolved cited work
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 87ece4b9-2b42-4cb6-b3e8-6e006056ffc7 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty Examples
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation a260b798-1c21-4ad6-b451-ce8f3647a295 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty We slightly modify the dataset and remove 2 non-relevant paragraphs from each question
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 733a1dde-71de-4af8-8061-992413258c65 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty We measure correctness using exact-match
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 74478e29-8f43-47c8-a2c1-c829b18a38f4 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty We use the no-context split to purely test factual accuracy.We evaluate using LLM-as-a-judge
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 04c311f4-82ba-42e1-9a3f-891bd1cbea95 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty We evaluate using LLM-as-a-judge
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 9353cf4d-a698-42b9-8793-c7a50f2c785c · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty We evaluate usingmath-verify, a mathematical expression evaluation system released by huggingface
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 39c8870b-725a-42aa-944d-c8f4e9e2d74e · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty We evaluate using math-verify
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 2829eb6c-8b03-4eb9-b858-bbf1f607e683 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty We evaluate using math-verify
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 9a002f2f-20d0-4a75-af44-e001dd7827d2 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty We evaluate using LLM-as-a-judge
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 6148607f-ee27-445c-9e8e-5273bf446419 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty We evaluate using LLM- as-a-judge
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation a6cc23ba-9e57-448b-9171-731d716b0fe0 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty They are evaluated with the same system prompts they are trained on
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 1baab14e-7f37-469b-8c05-c5977fccd2cc · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty It is evaluated with the same system prompt and we extract their answer from the <answer> tag
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation e8790adc-3959-49af-8ec1-3c92329fef0a · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty These methods thus use RLVR model as a generator and their reported accuracies in the result tables are equal
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation e5a7c08c-3abe-49dd-8737-8b2f20eeec97 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty In case no valid confidence can be extracted, we append ”Thinking time ended
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation e82acdb1-ba53-4d54-8068-740376fcb8d9 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty Unresolved cited work
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation c86e7345-e35d-4383-8557-2661b07c5196 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty In these cases, It is also okay to have only a small number of uncertainties and then explicitly say that I am unable to spot more uncertainties
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 67e414af-44aa-493d-82d1-2b9ae9c4fdec · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty For example, uncertainties may arise from ambiguities in the question, or from the application of a particular lemma/proof
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 50f91763-b8ea-4a38-8fe2-de0ba6de5c6b · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty Unresolved cited work
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation a503bb22-5eff-4f77-adc8-663850b21d92 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty Unresolved cited work
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 1a2e46e7-ff74-486d-bc34-b0f6ab25489d · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty Unresolved cited work
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation c3db0f85-cc2e-4191-be37-d3ba119522fe · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty The user asks a question, and the Assistant solves it
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 9280a69c-f8b5-417d-a571-4e62b7671c6b · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty Unresolved cited work
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation f03f303b-2214-4bff-a1a0-ffd9802c3036 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty Unresolved cited work
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 3d049dbe-74ba-43c0-b751-ed597040aa68 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty Unresolved cited work
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 6352271e-cb71-4c5e-af23-c18ad64dcf1d · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty Unresolved cited work
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 48b4a9c2-a80d-4680-884d-9402647e7856 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty Unresolved cited work
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 838f3ddd-94da-4d7e-90eb-ab6dbecb6e56 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty 21 D R ESULTS D.1 M ODELS TRAINED ON HOTPOT QA Method SimpleQA Trivia Acc
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation d55006d7-f05f-4a62-a4d7-9a304b79927c · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty Unresolved cited work
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 3c68983f-6e17-4ccc-a2a3-11e3c4dfbce4 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty Unresolved cited work
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation de9ab703-b2d2-4b71-a2bd-8b476862419a · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty - Bella and Chris watched 2 more movies only with each other
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 53bffd5f-b410-4a8d-bef1-f7a3ce348eaa · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty - Bella and Chris watching 2 movies only with each other are already subtracted when we subtracted the 5 movies watched together
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation e3593f54-4b33-4ef6-8eeb-ed207a3bd368 · outbound
Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty Unresolved cited work
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 1bd4210d-d2c6-447e-96eb-f8511bb5a4f0 · inbound
Enhancing Trustworthy GUI Grounding via Self-Critiqued Reinforcement Learning Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e921c058-71ed-4487-97e0-ed7f055e6405 · inbound
Illusions of Confidence? Diagnosing LLM Truthfulness via Neighborhood Consistency Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 67e9d420-fd80-48b9-9d76-73a7459d3000 · inbound
NOVA: NOise-aware Verbal Confidence CAlibration for Robust Large Language Models in RAG Systems Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 2024
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8f2442c1-c3df-4f79-a4df-940c482e1488 · inbound
Uncertainty-aware Generative Recommendation Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b1344618-1b6b-4c0c-9a19-baf814829d52 · inbound
Decoupling Reasoning and Confidence: Resurrecting Calibration in Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 69f1f055-77d2-4d4f-b1aa-e3eb760cc886 · inbound
Calibration-Aware Policy Optimization for Reasoning LLMs Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 41bd6740-40ce-4cfd-9295-9c9cb651bf33 · inbound
Unsupervised Confidence Calibration for Reasoning LLMs from a Single Generation Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 155
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 1f5cd2f5-848a-4c68-95ff-c5e76c3d4a40 · inbound
Do Not Imitate, Reinforce: Iterative Classification via Belief Refinement Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation a0df8c10-e56c-4d0c-9234-65c0e2dc5bd2 · inbound
Process Supervision of Confidence Margin for Calibrated LLM Reasoning Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation f19aea86-4f9f-454d-9542-e32534dcbe8d · inbound
AI Observability for Large Language Model Systems: A Multi-Layer Analysis of Monitoring Approaches from Confidence Calibration to Infrastructure Tracing Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 6d88a72d-4347-4b89-a1bc-1fe8da7854c6 · inbound
Distributional Process Reward Models: Calibrated Prediction of Future Rewards via Conditional Optimal Transport Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation c3fdc429-6b12-4ac1-94d3-a7fda9fc5e3e · inbound
Distributional Process Reward Models: Calibrated Prediction of Future Rewards via Conditional Optimal Transport Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 06c97919-bb19-413a-b386-62b0c6bad39a · inbound
Not only where, But when: Temporal Scheduling for RLVR Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 989d4b74-f5ea-47d1-9b21-4ea02128f614 · inbound
Bridging the Detection-to-Abstention Gap in Reasoning Models under Insufficient Information Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 621db6b5-1b2a-4b7e-a8e4-9b8b9beb9821 · inbound
GPU Forecasters: Language Models as Selective Surrogates for Kernel Runtime Optimization Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 297b0023-3a7d-453c-bc1a-5b71026d70f3 · inbound
Enhancing LLM Metacognition via Cognitive Pairwise Training Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation df57e23f-26b7-46f8-825e-bc09081797da · inbound
CALIBER: Calibrating Confidence Before and After Reasoning in Language Models Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 13477cd2-2cb6-4fcb-9b6e-bbdf4e762c6c · inbound
Verifiable Rewards for Calibrated Probabilistic Forecasting Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation e13225bf-52b7-4951-86b6-efb0cd9277f5 · inbound
What LLM Forecasters Know but Don't Say: Probing Internal Representations for Calibration and Faithfulness Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation f70029e2-a09f-404e-afdb-cc00f2c50e31 · inbound
Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Physics: Post-training LLMs with Continuous Rewards Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1b9d681c-d250-4dab-8d7f-ef68195f2211 · inbound
When the Reward Suite Is Leaky: A Preregistered Causal Contrast of Natural Verifier False Positives in RLVR Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b810c039-a49e-4cf9-b93d-08407d0aa717 · inbound
Auto-Fill: Learning to Predict Missing Values Accurately with Specialist Language Models Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 57826263-223c-4742-be08-037d3faa7ccf · inbound
Abstention as an Action Can Kill Both the Reward Gradient and the KL Anchor: Collapse Law and Repair for Error-Penalized Reinforcement Learning Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertainty
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.