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Metasurface-based Fluid Antennas: from Electromagnetics to Communications Model

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arxiv 2507.17982 v1 pith:7NTQ5RIN submitted 2025-07-23 eess.SP

classification eess.SP
keywords fassantennasmodelanalyticalelectronicallyfluidfull-waveimplementations
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Fluid antenna systems (FASs) have become a popular topic in the wireless community as an effective yet simple means of exploiting spatial diversity. Due to the limitations of physically moving radiating elements, electronically reconfigurable antennas are emerging as practical implementations of FASs, since changing the radiation pattern is functionally equivalent to physically moving the device. However, electronically reconfigurable antennas pose a challenge in terms of analytical modeling, often requiring full-wave simulations or measurements for their characterization; this severely limits the extraction of theoretical insights useful for system design. Motivated by these difficulties and the growing interest in FASs, we propose in this paper a complete analytical model for metasurface-based embodiments of FASs. Specifically, we advocate for the implementation of the FAS concept through dynamic metasurface antennas (DMAs), hitherto proposed as array replacements in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. We leverage circuit theory to rewrite the conventional signal model of FASs in terms of admittance matrices accounting for the electromagnetic effects inherent to metasurfaces. The model is validated with full-wave simulations, showing good agreement. We further illustrate how to apply the model for standard performance analysis, and provide closed-form expressions for key metrics, including the resulting signal covariance matrix. Results confirm that practical DMA-based FASs can achieve similar performance to that of idealized implementations of position-flexible antennas.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Electromagnetic-Aware Fluid Antenna Array

    cs.IT 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    An EM-aware current-domain framework for planar fluid antenna arrays enables joint position–current optimization that exploits mutual coupling for lower sidelobes and higher multi-user sum rates in simulation.

  2. ADC-Aware End-to-End Optimization of a Dynamic Metasurface Antenna with Strong Mutual Coupling for Monostatic Scene Classification

    eess.SP 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    ADC-aware end-to-end training of a 96-element DMA with experimentally calibrated mutual-coupling model maintains 87.2% scene-classification accuracy under 1-bit uniform ADCs, versus 56% when ADC effects are ignored.

  3. Implementing Fluid Antennas in the Beamspace: Performance Evaluation and Codebook Design

    eess.SP 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Metasurface-based fluid antennas outperform conceptual fluid antennas in interference-heavy multi-user scenarios by exploiting projection onto the interference null space.

  4. Hybrid Multiport Receivers for Slow Fluid Antenna Multiple Access

    cs.IT 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    A fluid-antenna hybrid multiport receiver achieves performance close to full-digital multiport schemes using only 2 RF chains and cuts computational load by over 60 percent in slow multiuser scenarios.

  5. Optimizing Dynamic Metasurface Antenna Configurations for Direction-of-Arrival and Polarization Estimation Using an Experimentally Calibrated Multiport-Network Model

    eess.SP 2026-04 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    An experimentally calibrated multiport-network model enables optimization of dynamic metasurface antenna configuration sequences for joint DoA-polarization estimation, delivering the largest gains over random sequence...

  6. Learned Blockwise Port Activation for Real Time Beamforming in Fluid Antenna Arrays

    cs.IT 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A learned blockwise port-activation scheme for fluid antenna arrays lowers average peak sidelobes by 3.26 dB over uniform sparse activation at a slightly higher simulated sum rate, and by 8–10 dB over channel-driven s...

  7. Hybrid Multiport Receivers for Slow Fluid Antenna Multiple Access

    cs.IT 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Proposes FAHM receiver using analog combining and a port-selection stopping criterion that achieves comparable performance to fully-digital multiport schemes with only 2 RF chains and over 60% computational reduction ...

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