Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection

As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 33 of 33 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.05360.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.05360 v1

Coverage vector

measured 33 of 33 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:33.896138Z

measured 33 of 33 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

33 of 33 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy0
unresolved29
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier2
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 95a26bdc-1ef8-4c13-8236-5ba5276ee7f5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:31.058838Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 65fdb4f2-0307-4525-94a4-23eddacae9fe · outbound

This paper cites Hallucination of Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Hallucination of Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:31.106315Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9ef276c1-ac94-4e5e-9c40-4058372e3702 · outbound

This paper cites INSIDE: LLMs' Internal States Retain the Power of Hallucination Detection.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection INSIDE: LLMs' Internal States Retain the Power of Hallucination Detection

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:31.193238Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 405baf05-7e79-46e1-9206-f5301a62db0d · outbound

This paper cites FacTool: Factuality Detection in Generative AI -- A Tool Augmented Framework for Multi-Task and Multi-Domain Scenarios.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection FacTool: Factuality Detection in Generative AI -- A Tool Augmented Framework for Multi-Task and Multi-Domain Scenarios

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:31.278287Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 42c7cd23-09e3-4756-a40d-7481c4dbabf2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:34.658919Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation adc21134-81c3-41c0-a250-ee289875f6fd · outbound

This paper cites Chain-of-Verification Reduces Hallucination in Large Language Models.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Chain-of-Verification Reduces Hallucination in Large Language Models

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:31.422355Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3c578daf-a3cd-418d-9c86-316db284a60f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:31.486506Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a4eec8c1-a9b4-41fa-8bc3-aaa093b05d5a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:31.571000Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c9fe921b-4684-476c-b3b8-a98b647311f9 · outbound

This paper cites TensorLy: Tensor Learning in Python.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection TensorLy: Tensor Learning in Python

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:31.636191Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation db6b3e42-9248-4b9b-bf3b-7312912c0a16 · outbound

This paper cites Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:31.704922Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 658d9cf9-1a52-44eb-a235-25faf7f863f2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:31.769771Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cab9c07d-5573-4230-b05d-cd8965923d4e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:31.894723Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a737ff7b-5ab9-4dc1-b16b-8642e200ae18 · outbound

This paper cites Uncertainty Estimation in Autoregressive Structured Prediction.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Uncertainty Estimation in Autoregressive Structured Prediction

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:31.963512Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 54c15615-a373-459a-aa0c-975790496629 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:32.031620Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6b45c962-e0ab-40b9-8b22-7fa97c468793 · outbound

This paper cites SelfCheck: Using LLMs to Zero-Shot Check Their Own Step-by-Step Reasoning.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection SelfCheck: Using LLMs to Zero-Shot Check Their Own Step-by-Step Reasoning

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:32.085327Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9032add1-6dcf-4305-9412-f17e82e99b9d · outbound

This paper cites FActScore: Fine-grained Atomic Evaluation of Factual Precision in Long Form Text Generation.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection FActScore: Fine-grained Atomic Evaluation of Factual Precision in Long Form Text Generation

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:32.146297Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 025158b4-aa17-4c85-a8cd-54ee4ff7341c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:34.616707Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 7e5001c6-052a-423c-898c-c93a7a137c0b · outbound

This paper cites Abstractive Text Summarization Using Sequence-to-Sequence RNNs and Beyond.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Abstractive Text Summarization Using Sequence-to-Sequence RNNs and Beyond

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:32.411843Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8c2fd6b5-c803-4478-8d79-98971b50d2c9 · outbound

This paper cites RAGTruth: A Hallucination Corpus for Developing Trustworthy Retrieval-Augmented Language Models.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection RAGTruth: A Hallucination Corpus for Developing Trustworthy Retrieval-Augmented Language Models

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:32.463923Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7dc63c33-f2eb-4cf2-b416-eac75babfc82 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4o System Card.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection GPT-4o System Card

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:32.543670Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 89d65caa-861a-42e0-8c71-9c455077b51e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id_nonexistent, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:34.289546Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 322a01c9-005b-471c-a26b-952b46c237a0 · outbound

This paper cites Out-of-Distribution Detection and Selective Generation for Conditional Language Models.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Out-of-Distribution Detection and Selective Generation for Conditional Language Models

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:32.751574Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ee5e0014-6e9b-46c4-8008-907c9dbe4ce8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:32.850555Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 142cdc20-754c-416a-a65d-6d3bd826cbc4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:34.600706Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation fa1940a5-0927-4509-b9ff-c04f557ce8bb · outbound

This paper cites Mutual Information Alleviates Hallucinations in Abstractive Summarization.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Mutual Information Alleviates Hallucinations in Abstractive Summarization

Reference 25

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:34.219940Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 5b272004-080d-4db2-83fd-9356ab502908 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:34.580590Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation cc7c6947-caf7-4409-ba0f-e7df1fd58c6f · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models are Better Reasoners with Self-Verification.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Large Language Models are Better Reasoners with Self-Verification

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:33.558699Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 242f5d61-483c-4864-bbbf-ec8da889f855 · outbound

This paper cites HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answering.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answering

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:33.711823Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fbffc528-460e-49f1-a165-bee835351af4 · outbound

This paper cites A Stitch in Time Saves Nine: Detecting and Mitigating Hallucinations of LLMs by Validating Low-Confidence Generation.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection A Stitch in Time Saves Nine: Detecting and Mitigating Hallucinations of LLMs by Validating Low-Confidence Generation

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:33.412508Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3b36f7db-6f14-42fe-9ebf-10f7b9dadefa · outbound

This paper cites BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:33.896138Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 91787bdd-e247-4a7c-aea0-c798cbd8be3c · outbound

This paper cites BARTScore: Evaluating Generated Text as Text Generation.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection BARTScore: Evaluating Generated Text as Text Generation

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:33.855135Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fd860df9-6f99-45dd-a4c5-dd222f6f58ee · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection Unresolved cited work

Reference 854

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:32.306380Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c4a89746-0f22-4228-98c3-d07851f6bbbe · outbound

This paper cites HaluEval: A Large-Scale Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models.

Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection HaluEval: A Large-Scale Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:50:31.830147Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.