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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 76 of 76 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2509.09112.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.09112 v2

Coverage vector

measured 76 of 76 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T19:46:51.604848Z

measured 77 of 77 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T04:16:06.800914Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-06T04:16:07.072616Z

Reference resolution

76 of 76 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy0
  • unresolved75
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation af1c3dac-5a6b-47f0-b9da-6114394187e5 · outbound

This paper cites OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models

Reference 1

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:49.866067Z digest=sha256:8f4b674b38ae30e92841a7459bfb376e2e3a8a2a74e9d61522b9d8c970d9c7b3

Observation f95d0745-38c1-45f7-bf9d-1747d668a072 · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 2

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:49.916419Z digest=sha256:be58faf57b7e1ca27a38d5a21db58622f9217272f7fbccc94b4420588776c934

Observation 9e718246-4dfd-400e-9ab1-817f5907d1cc · outbound

This paper cites Openai chatgpt blog,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Openai chatgpt blog,

Reference 3

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:49.971897Z digest=sha256:9d4973ec9d65bb07abbafaea50e13c5d3f685074b66cd4c9e8711b262795d2a5

Observation aeba42fb-1191-40ac-8275-8b3062c3f54a · outbound

This paper cites Deepseek terms of use,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Deepseek terms of use,

Reference 4

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:50.024816Z digest=sha256:f712188fc3f6bd0232983bd62eeaccba33fdba1b1c1506e7ccca8e6bf338be41

Observation 73bbabcb-5d4a-413d-9124-68b9f30a9271 · outbound

This paper cites Gemini api additional terms of service,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Gemini api additional terms of service,

Reference 5

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:50.054977Z digest=sha256:0ee95a6df9f6c160f35d9d8eb3c388db1920d3b2ec375355cb4d552a2af82c71

Observation 0dc0cfca-559d-4ebe-b84c-c1bbeb95ca34 · outbound

This paper cites Grammarly.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Grammarly

Reference 6

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:50.106363Z digest=sha256:69e5b0c8d835672177f2d8273ab33fc9fd9f61102fe8be7017d3aa712a261c3e

Observation 86c47f59-411a-45c1-b8f9-03162a0c3751 · outbound

This paper cites Chatpaper.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Chatpaper

Reference 7

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:50.136232Z digest=sha256:655c2256dec8e8cb90af675e5415a3cbbb4a8a749b08049c3baab2f8e7db3f9c

Observation 25a8acb9-e072-476f-a2ce-7293e0584fa2 · outbound

This paper cites Transforming the future of music creation.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Transforming the future of music creation

Reference 8

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:50.189600Z digest=sha256:67be118758e07765f3bc60daa9863a6eba7617271664529131c3aab510ede8db

Observation 23e1971f-30a2-44ef-896a-8681f59f4373 · outbound

This paper cites Quickstart: Generate and verify an image’s watermark using imagen text-to-image (console).

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Quickstart: Generate and verify an image’s watermark using imagen text-to-image (console)

Reference 9

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:50.240567Z digest=sha256:f118638e3f60d764a94e9cf88dfe7b219eb6b4c4e435b80d2c33901cbc88c463

Observation 610cf1b5-f003-4000-9641-276426b4deb3 · outbound

This paper cites Self-supervised adversarial example detection by disentangled representation,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Self-supervised adversarial example detection by disentangled representation,

Reference 10

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:50.243147Z digest=sha256:45d7182daaf39cea90f6913953a6a1544e8eb2c6f2675128fc4ba377d27e954e

Observation 3b04871c-e940-44a5-8b3b-f7d8352b813c · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating membership inference through adversarial robustness,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Evaluating membership inference through adversarial robustness,

Reference 11

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:50.266271Z digest=sha256:a91fb2c000abf910a75386467e472ddb12e1ae9def433ff1c204f1a5cacbc3bd

Observation 64306f4c-6f26-478c-a3af-4a189294a195 · outbound

This paper cites Not all edges are equally robust: Evaluating the robustness of ranking-based federated learning,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Not all edges are equally robust: Evaluating the robustness of ranking-based federated learning,

Reference 12

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:50.319803Z digest=sha256:34b5a8236652d8352d2cac594195eb45d21f95b04f5060b7683d7a9380f63120

Observation ca756dd5-3883-4cd9-92c7-7c9bd68bbd06 · outbound

This paper cites When better features mean greater risks: The performance- privacy trade-off in contrastive learning,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks When better features mean greater risks: The performance- privacy trade-off in contrastive learning,

Reference 13

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:50.387501Z digest=sha256:7b32e7b7b4c04412742c26dc1b4ff52d86338fe1052941ed5a93f83e2a3327c1

Observation 1f4cd71c-4cb2-4b1b-a515-e188907bf284 · outbound

This paper cites Dynamic graph unlearning: a general and efficient post-processing method via gradi- ent transformation,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Dynamic graph unlearning: a general and efficient post-processing method via gradi- ent transformation,

Reference 14

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:50.427491Z digest=sha256:836f5f357b82519f6cd9c4a165e0b37d0f878444e2e8f6b08e0c040ddd84aa67

Observation b946c5b4-04e9-4458-ba16-ee32c629e76b · outbound

This paper cites Unraveling privacy risks of individual fairness in graph neural networks,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Unraveling privacy risks of individual fairness in graph neural networks,

Reference 15

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:50.485556Z digest=sha256:b64258fa9e6ffaf80fcf3be29a835db82855b64173648aea015808ab7c8c86fa

Observation 4d14f793-8ff2-45e7-b6d5-339e9e2d1425 · outbound

This paper cites On the risk of misinformation pollution with large language models,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks On the risk of misinformation pollution with large language models,

Reference 16

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:50.531624Z digest=sha256:4b04d19c3013ae1799704492d3d188a0ad5c118124184a8eb1698e7079b1b36f

Observation cd411e46-a3fb-49d2-8a12-4bdd5d8ab87c · outbound

This paper cites Spear Phishing With Large Language Models.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Spear Phishing With Large Language Models

Reference 17

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:50.589714Z digest=sha256:56b65d5353d52d94eee7984a6e2d39bf42ff39454b5c1cc02d5887e9b1940c73

Observation dd80004e-74c3-433e-bef1-7e8fcf9fe996 · outbound

This paper cites Chatgpt for good? on opportunities and challenges of large language models for education,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Chatgpt for good? on opportunities and challenges of large language models for education,

Reference 18

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:50.647691Z digest=sha256:aac263d0b65634a0aff1013839f588d6cce832f6d2b65e5de3d89c0a30fa3cf9

Observation 6ef2c037-1a1a-42fe-9191-1cfbe991e1b9 · outbound

This paper cites A watermark for large language models,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks A watermark for large language models,

Reference 19

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:50.687781Z digest=sha256:0435d17a2307c47c03be9077bc21284604cc39d92c96a7b5c2be98c15853baaf

Observation 1f471d1d-fafd-4e8d-98d9-9a1f59772796 · outbound

This paper cites Provable robust watermarking for AI-generated text,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Provable robust watermarking for AI-generated text,

Reference 20

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:50.734763Z digest=sha256:f0eaa4f331b47c4768cd709bf3ac5932181c289d39276aae3a05c120e7696699

Observation 7fba4bf8-80ec-4bab-b539-049ecb010e5d · outbound

This paper cites Unbiased watermark for large language models,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Unbiased watermark for large language models,

Reference 21

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:50.839856Z digest=sha256:6564b7f374cd45b9c08d6707ced49deb219c1659b65ed61e9c90cd9f75ab81f0

Observation 681c2d0a-2566-4b9d-b959-ba06eb95b302 · outbound

This paper cites A resilient and accessible distribution-preserving watermark for large language models,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks A resilient and accessible distribution-preserving watermark for large language models,

Reference 22

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.012068Z digest=sha256:25b32d1c06b70d24340e2ec4be7c54b2a2559b12869b5b23e516b1e2be95d327

Observation 074e755d-8d82-4cfc-9609-5b9462d03de3 · outbound

This paper cites Scalable watermarking for identifying large language model outputs,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Scalable watermarking for identifying large language model outputs,

Reference 23

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.120204Z digest=sha256:931fab6b8d282840546c02831e0d529865f225eebbc9327e95cec44319a78566

Observation 219bb5de-11c5-4d2e-a0ab-b65e2e9f7158 · outbound

This paper cites Robust distortion-free watermarks for language models,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Robust distortion-free watermarks for language models,

Reference 24

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.280380Z digest=sha256:49d076fdd1931b90ac89adc21870168b864f483bb7e12e5c7f72e62ad7458db2

Observation 5a130255-fa94-4c60-aada-778758f4a513 · outbound

This paper cites Undetectable watermarks for language models,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Undetectable watermarks for language models,

Reference 25

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.472649Z digest=sha256:972ef7ef19fdb9cd2d1e102b3b8d8e5052949100aa36155474b15704c04dfe63

Observation 711f4715-12be-4419-ae98-4a1b7e30a767 · outbound

This paper cites Bimark: Unbiased multilayer watermarking for large language models,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Bimark: Unbiased multilayer watermarking for large language models,

Reference 26

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.475398Z digest=sha256:b577c792449be771ce4549572312b92c8c6ab3b778598305c41606337aac4977

Observation d96a3aa7-4cf8-4296-b2e5-c40baf2907a1 · outbound

This paper cites A Certified Robust Watermark For Large Language Models.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks A Certified Robust Watermark For Large Language Models

Reference 27

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.478031Z digest=sha256:44e71c574554c49656d2b9dc7ed5bcb1ffe2e1f59e3671cbe495587723e7715c

Observation 375488aa-3132-453d-8623-a8c37b759485 · outbound

This paper cites Bypassing LLM watermarks with color- aware substitutions,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Bypassing LLM watermarks with color- aware substitutions,

Reference 28

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.481037Z digest=sha256:59dd22a8d7a701d65dc9a5dcafb6555d7968bce7229a344cbbb5ca41b86165c4

Observation 6a8047f6-5637-484d-860f-005adf515442 · outbound

This paper cites b 4: A black-box scrubbing attack on LLM watermarks,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks b 4: A black-box scrubbing attack on LLM watermarks,

Reference 29

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.483600Z digest=sha256:e04b1a3e8cf65068dbfda1303cc2deb24fa632f5b776c26aec971eddd1c4fc79

Observation 2e6c8b32-61c5-48a6-86b2-fb5f686054e0 · outbound

This paper cites De-mark: Watermark removal in large language models,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks De-mark: Watermark removal in large language models,

Reference 30

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.486079Z digest=sha256:035bb0cd69a9d606e11c512c0864909e081896a28aae1751af2b7ae87f26f9c9

Observation 01dcd123-91e0-498c-b77f-1eee60e2b138 · outbound

This paper cites Watermark Smoothing Attacks against Language Models.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Watermark Smoothing Attacks against Language Models

Reference 31

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.488748Z digest=sha256:ac167e8160b0ee50c32e00dab65ac912dbbaf88b1e892841afe5639aa3ae15e3

Observation b47e50ba-84ee-4318-81ef-6f983f7a5180 · outbound

This paper cites Paraphrasing evades detectors of ai-generated text, but retrieval is an effective defense,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Paraphrasing evades detectors of ai-generated text, but retrieval is an effective defense,

Reference 32

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.491415Z digest=sha256:e0479a03094b960d1a32991ac58735169e5800f7a376eebd87cab99009627ae2

Observation 170903a3-188e-463e-b5f2-3ed59e5dcd1e · outbound

This paper cites On the reliability of watermarks for large language models,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks On the reliability of watermarks for large language models,

Reference 33

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.493900Z digest=sha256:aced99071290766a4230aa0c9a194c10eedc7a38336e58457fa3b7918902ac91

Observation 2bac9422-7bc1-44a2-a67e-2918d54d90a1 · outbound

This paper cites Markmywords: Analyzing and evaluating language model watermarks,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Markmywords: Analyzing and evaluating language model watermarks,

Reference 34

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.496467Z digest=sha256:2609db954c6586f46d249126bddb2fee7c04e2cfea9c89f506cf03f6a85ecaee

Observation d78e126a-9892-4403-baef-81335802e8ef · outbound

This paper cites Textbugger: Generating adversarial text against real-world applications,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Textbugger: Generating adversarial text against real-world applications,

Reference 35

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.498900Z digest=sha256:438d46238bc0599105f51d6cc4f3d33ca47e13356925d6d6eb064bb331a52b21

Observation ab842ec1-e927-44b5-b1b1-6832a794a607 · outbound

This paper cites Textattack: A framework for adversarial attacks, data augmentation, and adversarial training in nlp,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Textattack: A framework for adversarial attacks, data augmentation, and adversarial training in nlp,

Reference 36

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.501431Z digest=sha256:7144d5f77fa3376a5ea7958c921dd90a354ecd64544cc09bd407b60f5378a9c2

Observation 6656c59e-9302-4c0c-a6cb-e3934b8040d7 · outbound

This paper cites Black-box generation of adversarial text sequences to evade deep learning classifiers,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Black-box generation of adversarial text sequences to evade deep learning classifiers,

Reference 37

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.503983Z digest=sha256:2145a15455f9352cc6e3f774ac6e79a8e2a42eae79f0b0a818dc46f0334b0cdc

Observation d3bcf567-a4fc-46af-be4b-6aa044c64693 · outbound

This paper cites Exploring Gradient-Guided Masked Language Model to Detect Textual Adversarial Attacks.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Exploring Gradient-Guided Masked Language Model to Detect Textual Adversarial Attacks

Reference 38

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.506675Z digest=sha256:800546bfadc269ce9b68c79ae67ddf5dbcf2077e7ab9c0ed1253db00ede19f77

Observation 95f0f9bc-0bf2-42c1-beab-257e035e8796 · outbound

This paper cites Masked language model based textual adversarial example detection,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Masked language model based textual adversarial example detection,

Reference 39

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.509818Z digest=sha256:a5b2fe4d85ed05992125b019a0e9f91f4147d7d002c637b09c1d4b03b6c26a13

Observation 97c9dea4-216b-488f-9676-6b630a7290d5 · outbound

This paper cites Watermark stealing in large language models,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Watermark stealing in large language models,

Reference 40

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.512236Z digest=sha256:cb76ff7b94799f82d6bafe24e6404d15a94349490fdd5a43901116e39005d00f

Observation d655e9cd-ac77-41a0-a642-16ad44da3855 · outbound

This paper cites Stealing watermarks of large language models via mixed integer programming,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Stealing watermarks of large language models via mixed integer programming,

Reference 41

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.514650Z digest=sha256:1cb6357f437880ae091771c702c63d2f99c5bb1a4ed93e5cdc564eca275ec727

Observation 761aaf7b-3953-4a74-995b-dea8f5b81598 · outbound

This paper cites Can watermarks survive translation? on the cross-lingual consistency of text watermark for large language models,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Can watermarks survive translation? on the cross-lingual consistency of text watermark for large language models,

Reference 42

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.517041Z digest=sha256:0ebb60b507035fda298f9bf4c33174a1206a0368b3df1bdd611b2c29d96747ad

Observation a9f7d773-9aae-4b4c-a6a9-a8e97877789a · outbound

This paper cites On Evaluating The Performance of Watermarked Machine-Generated Texts Under Adversarial Attacks.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks On Evaluating The Performance of Watermarked Machine-Generated Texts Under Adversarial Attacks

Reference 43

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.519469Z digest=sha256:a3a492497663f0a24a25b6546a52796cff175774ef6f97ad13682334a58ee655

Observation f3ff928d-3c0c-4544-bc3b-eb3e2a033914 · outbound

This paper cites Silverspeak: Evading ai-generated text detectors using homoglyphs,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Silverspeak: Evading ai-generated text detectors using homoglyphs,

Reference 44

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:46:51.522573Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.522573Z digest=sha256:7d77db87be879613d9d20d2e47efd9cc9f36625b81cc9a22f65bb137b759c6ed

Observation 83e67408-48f4-47d0-9c06-5f3d00c9a010 · outbound

This paper cites Watermarks in the sand: impossibility of strong watermarking for language models,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Watermarks in the sand: impossibility of strong watermarking for language models,

Reference 45

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:46:51.525081Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.525081Z digest=sha256:bf626c04dccfa7dfa2ff25d7989d1e2a6450bfa333450535268bf65be1fec8f7

Observation 446f6627-c982-4311-a849-1648856c03e0 · outbound

This paper cites Watermark under fire: A robustness evaluation of llm watermarking,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Watermark under fire: A robustness evaluation of llm watermarking,

Reference 46

Resolution
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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:46:51.527481Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.527481Z digest=sha256:f9c6e31bc010b932cd3acb40cd42f1dc270d660372a656a4a3382bb7752d31b7

Observation 82c4f5a0-2b51-4e6b-835b-e0196476444f · outbound

This paper cites Sslguard: A watermarking scheme for self-supervised learning pre-trained encoders,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Sslguard: A watermarking scheme for self-supervised learning pre-trained encoders,

Reference 47

Resolution
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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:46:51.529999Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.529999Z digest=sha256:32c1d60eea3d7a61fd82ea11f79de8084126adb76c7fd38ca152f5a64f4f17ec

Observation 7ba6361f-37c2-4ab9-861b-aa5a11034f7d · outbound

This paper cites Entangled watermarks as a defense against model extraction,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Entangled watermarks as a defense against model extraction,

Reference 48

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.532316Z digest=sha256:4a02761cd94f6477977288b9cbb6327d98fc38c143f159c7702fdd9a582c886b

Observation a518a146-2387-42d3-ad09-49313477f8c5 · outbound

This paper cites Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer,

Reference 49

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.534766Z digest=sha256:d5ceef7915f1dceed5a0b520b36d468356c3a6e8f1a625393221a56d6d732d79

Observation 2c7283d7-325b-49e1-ac60-945dc8da4060 · outbound

This paper cites Synthid.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Synthid

Reference 50

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.537247Z digest=sha256:17d8a548865faf9ef1083fe8c69f0379b354f937b76ec357424540699bac18a0

Observation 7c481b3a-6f21-4141-8a4a-20099744aeca · outbound

This paper cites Terms of use,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Terms of use,

Reference 51

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.539643Z digest=sha256:9fa602a00d2ad8bdeec1b8f85ce684a04daab3e710e21141b8c99bb34ba16c32

Observation 888b75bd-7e67-4ff7-a710-539909486d53 · outbound

This paper cites Optimizing adaptive attacks against content watermarks for language models,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Optimizing adaptive attacks against content watermarks for language models,

Reference 52

Resolution
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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:46:51.542218Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.542218Z digest=sha256:be55dbe72a1a3b8c4e2324ea8362225180647a9b33decdc372d9e6d0ca9e3677

Observation 532e6623-8cfb-4399-8b10-9d69ce010d5c · outbound

This paper cites Markllm: An open-source toolkit for llm watermarking,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Markllm: An open-source toolkit for llm watermarking,

Reference 53

Resolution
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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:46:51.544695Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.544695Z digest=sha256:eccc346314df1e8fd3989268cf992d6c98ac1c6da93439505c0cc49737e60c35

Observation 5ebde10f-8818-4b65-9628-7e3fc2812608 · outbound

This paper cites Software Framework for Topic Modelling with Large Corpora,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Software Framework for Topic Modelling with Large Corpora,

Reference 54

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:46:51.547241Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.547241Z digest=sha256:e9095da4979878b782aab96fb392f683ca2b876abd988b73abb9f91fec8ef517

Observation 8079ca2f-7778-4935-8656-362c6ccf748a · outbound

This paper cites AuthorMist: Evading AI Text Detectors with Reinforcement Learning.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks AuthorMist: Evading AI Text Detectors with Reinforcement Learning

Reference 55

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:46:51.549738Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.549738Z digest=sha256:5aa1b7a70421504f5874ff610c2a678bb7fb79aa6484ee7a471d58b6f80c3599

Observation 17d1b733-e8c0-4662-88c5-e027750bdcd4 · outbound

This paper cites Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation,

Reference 56

Resolution
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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:46:51.552722Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.552722Z digest=sha256:38e8e5a8987175bafa1a10e64bd7360f403de81b2a1954e97ee9e49f863049a3

Observation ad71345a-99b2-4dda-a860-b192500809ba · outbound

This paper cites Rouge: A package for automatic evaluation of summaries,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Rouge: A package for automatic evaluation of summaries,

Reference 57

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:46:51.555135Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.555135Z digest=sha256:1ced6f368a2aa23662974367c6f2d513b273d02e21513c86eb6b99de1e19a7be

Observation c9135b88-33aa-44c1-9676-f03f0eb886ba · outbound

This paper cites The cefr levels.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks The cefr levels

Reference 58

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.557552Z digest=sha256:a32be5864c88ee529ef410fb93a2afc4a1d58d346a8349e8c026628f5febb339

Observation 2ded87d2-d40f-494a-a90e-7e672deb6a0b · outbound

This paper cites No free lunch in LLM watermarking: Trade-offs in watermarking design choices,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks No free lunch in LLM watermarking: Trade-offs in watermarking design choices,

Reference 59

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.560050Z digest=sha256:4e2d4327c8a060ee9f0063be4c3b1d79676d43c9a22befbea5aec7a7f28df5a6

Observation 36368584-233b-4e00-9b85-40d1fc8c28aa · outbound

This paper cites New ai classifier for indicating ai-written tex,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks New ai classifier for indicating ai-written tex,

Reference 60

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.562553Z digest=sha256:3ae8bde130b3659ec4631ac6bded81b491b275021b9219bc10d377d2544200d1

Observation ac015a89-3fbc-4f7b-8369-27e998cde758 · outbound

This paper cites Ai detector by grammarly.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Ai detector by grammarly

Reference 61

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.565140Z digest=sha256:1e71397d2960b0979396010ea8d1dd647fa54a170ebe34014b3e69f7234ba62e

Observation d492b1c6-5759-4b8c-9aef-ca60198a7e40 · outbound

This paper cites Gptzero’s ai detection technology.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Gptzero’s ai detection technology

Reference 62

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.567775Z digest=sha256:0749c49dc895127c40a7107c1e78edb2914c55cc7c4f03b665151789bbf0bdb9

Observation bd70620d-e1db-403e-8409-964d3466b614 · outbound

This paper cites Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding,.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding,

Reference 63

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.570265Z digest=sha256:99f006c9ace6974f371baf9f5e0edacd12da85c52ec108b10610b3007139052f

Observation 1852bfb4-a84b-401e-843f-68f7227f0ebf · outbound

This paper cites Languagetool.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Languagetool

Reference 64

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.572662Z digest=sha256:a4140f74e7be1592958e457763bb405a9f5d3d9304413f817bf9fdd4da2fcf62

Observation 6635be85-c3ec-4b7c-b9f1-e6027b16a80e · outbound

This paper cites Python tesseract.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Python tesseract

Reference 65

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.575026Z digest=sha256:b9b9e3a6aef05029d7bd100045e0bbe13042595b5e17c21c62b62bfc91111b3a

Observation 94603794-456f-49da-ae57-f6817e1f2a8d · outbound

This paper cites Unicodedata.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Unicodedata

Reference 66

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.577525Z digest=sha256:6610f43715d3f5da79912e8c1caa881a55516cd986ccff0f2099172ae97a6d5e

Observation 27693111-82a8-4098-bf69-763669810bde · outbound

This paper cites Results are reported forn= 5,10, and15, using both token- level and character-level perturbations across five watermark- ing schemes.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Results are reported forn= 5,10, and15, using both token- level and character-level perturbations across five watermark- ing schemes

Reference 67

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.580631Z digest=sha256:86b413361be67d17339017c300fd894c8c904ca94bd7686ae54b6960cad00780

Observation 11a52c92-b1d3-4a3b-8614-fd49f5be26b2 · outbound

This paper cites We compare both token-level (dashed lines) and character-level (solid lines) perturbations.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks We compare both token-level (dashed lines) and character-level (solid lines) perturbations

Reference 68

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.583360Z digest=sha256:2a90f9634d97c4eb12da26c716a9066cc9c1e5cd82a7fe591fadb12bfd14665b

Observation 5b3f3546-5755-4d2d-8d3a-d65d2fbb1f25 · outbound

This paper cites As introduced TABLE XV: Performance of reference detectors with three levels of data augmentation across five watermark schemes.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks As introduced TABLE XV: Performance of reference detectors with three levels of data augmentation across five watermark schemes

Reference 69

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.586020Z digest=sha256:7f278a0c937fdbd91d395cdb8390113ca7ea27a4b46ef634319e434667752d51

Observation 3a20e059-ac93-4eb6-958c-611393b97e47 · outbound

This paper cites Major Revision.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Major Revision

Reference 70

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.588729Z digest=sha256:530887e7da93977644a7cac00221acbfc85a0b4ad1283d45c3183b257703d058

Observation 1b166493-c74c-4c53-9781-266e1cd21bfc · outbound

This paper cites We recom- mend downloading the code using the following command: git clone https://github.com/plll4zzx/CharacterRemoval4WM.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks We recom- mend downloading the code using the following command: git clone https://github.com/plll4zzx/CharacterRemoval4WM

Reference 71

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-04T19:49:01.231791Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.591359Z digest=sha256:724a61b555bdafeee2e4775e07609458b64c3365bf3335780b1a1d383bfdec45

Observation 61a40ad6-0521-4c50-9d3e-e998b30e21ea · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Unresolved cited work

Reference 72

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.594038Z digest=sha256:ae356cc9a5c602d2a2ef69a29a9cd18fef5648c69645553aa43e116c54a5a269

Observation be7ba321-042e-441d-8d9f-2a6d5dd1cb3d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks Unresolved cited work

Reference 73

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.596929Z digest=sha256:797b28d40c6c0b0aa93eaaec33d1a5b6bf2493beb130e1e4528380e24fbbce3a

Observation 602d3fd1-93ae-49ac-9d77-b6519a501039 · outbound

This paper cites real- newslike/*.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks real- newslike/*

Reference 74

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.599453Z digest=sha256:547377a20ca4f6b7dbeff4e4e355cccb31076bdd6ffe5ffaa5458da4cab04e4c

Observation 5c90de35-de9d-4060-8c8b-694dcd33c20b · outbound

This paper cites /../dataset/c4/realnewslike.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks /../dataset/c4/realnewslike

Reference 75

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.602058Z digest=sha256:bebd89ebe83e672c792e20e4b63bad50e8fca1dea88370d58061ad168d0ccd57

Observation 0dc88317-ae32-4354-b1ec-0980abe5b17e · outbound

This paper cites KGW" --num_epochs 15 \ --rand_char_rate 0.15 --rand_times 9 \ --llm_name.

Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks KGW" --num_epochs 15 \ --rand_char_rate 0.15 --rand_times 9 \ --llm_name

Reference 76

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T19:46:51.604848Z digest=sha256:6dcbb83a5748521ad99d2262411b2078b0dbc41c638a43232c9ca997205886b8

Pith citing papers

Observation 2ab31816-21f1-4680-ae47-4be4ff3b9c28 · inbound

DP-NCB: Privacy Preserving Fair Bandits cites this paper.

DP-NCB: Privacy Preserving Fair Bandits Character-Level Perturbations Disrupt LLM Watermarks

Reference 44

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T04:16:07.155446Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T04:16:06.800914Z digest=sha256:338c1560c7e4f6b9167961a6c356c1aaa5cb0fb8513c2f89abe4bcdb3a2f7b08