Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-18T15:17:51.128999Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 4 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 63 of 63 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.18532.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-18T15:17:51.128999Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
63 of 63 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 01d59c83-5433-4af8-a847-0312290f7aa2 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Unresolved cited work
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 4cded5c9-b698-4bf6-a921-c2fdc908b62e · outbound
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 1dace6a8-f82a-431c-b52d-69f4f7d1c06c · outbound
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation dd99a95a-d5ce-4562-9de9-978aee187e6e · outbound
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 37251d1f-dfb3-41a1-b6e5-2469031a9d3a · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design URLhttps://www.iaea.org/publications/8879/fusion-physics
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation a2a471e9-e6d8-4b2d-9ca7-edc4a0faffd5 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Unresolved cited work
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 91c77cd7-ad6c-47c1-a76c-261bd1ee2d0b · outbound
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 1f58c6ea-697d-42be-a844-081727afb786 · outbound
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 31cc2402-c73e-4ee9-8680-be44badd9ee1 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Unresolved cited work
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 63aa1243-5de8-4715-9cbf-953ee0a9c95a · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Bingren, Toroidicity dependence of tokamak edge safety factor and shear, Plasma Science and Technology 5 (4) (2003) 1849
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 7d2616b6-a4f7-4134-8015-dda35b459034 · outbound
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation b734944e-4430-4046-a953-9050be897f58 · outbound
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation b64d54ea-9027-4d12-bd71-6c332d468d8b · outbound
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 46c87e43-6710-47ce-b7c4-4c8a1a702b1b · outbound
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 92a44f07-a114-41b4-a377-c7afe1529678 · outbound
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 1179d0d4-697a-4b23-bdb1-f1b75ef0855c · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Unresolved cited work
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation d0b73ae3-5987-442c-9c99-2ea7689bb664 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Unresolved cited work
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 73be8ad3-f65b-45c4-9093-3f9d0b0eb357 · outbound
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 42826a86-0e6f-49f5-ab4a-7728563a641f · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Unresolved cited work
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 695cde7d-f602-4aeb-9fe7-6a440f575a74 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Unresolved cited work
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 94c01e00-815b-4165-bca9-937720ef6bb4 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Molina Cabrera, S
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation f7a186ae-bc9b-4ce4-a2f1-425a52f68b95 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Unresolved cited work
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation a638d18f-4e9c-413e-886d-407f00f70788 · outbound
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 29c55c04-e084-4188-9bb5-dbf1dc7171cc · outbound
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation a81e5421-b601-4875-b6cc-33fa8d85656a · outbound
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation cb295391-62ff-4672-9294-46d65b05374b · outbound
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 44076f5f-2183-4252-a19c-588662fbdfb1 · outbound
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 32ad2fd0-0a51-42df-b5c1-4262774ad48a · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Unresolved cited work
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 901262c5-b63b-4c85-b8c2-76520aaaa00d · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Effect of mismatch on Doppler backscattering in MAST and MAST-U plasmas
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 07464797-6062-4b4c-948d-f09ff1ec5a6e · outbound
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 96e7466c-dfdb-4f07-ac41-cdecbaa65cc4 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Unresolved cited work
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 93517877-388d-4775-9d43-3271a7b299c1 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Hall-Chen, Beam model of doppler backscattering: theory and ex- periment, Ph.D
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation eae826bf-8fae-4e84-b473-0ab3e687a0c5 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Geometrical optics in phase space
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 5496ee44-94ea-4906-ad84-0a17d8766553 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Lopez, Exact boundary-value solution for an electromagnetic wave propagating in a linearly varying index of refraction, Journal of Plasma Physics 90 (6) (2024) 995900602
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation e9fa3e5b-3b68-401d-a486-73c7a8a40b70 · outbound
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation ac428859-9d0c-4563-91eb-d1a95c2adaeb · outbound
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation c6d91907-62d9-4c35-9521-17d1743f8970 · outbound
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 1feec22d-8b08-4192-9eda-758b795b4337 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Unresolved cited work
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 80270be6-09b7-40c4-aac5-f21adab1e8cb · outbound
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation feebf95f-b148-448f-8b15-f66b7af30644 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Unresolved cited work
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation bbcdffa5-3614-4966-b04b-e1ff0ca7caa1 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Pereverzev, Use of the multidimensional wkb method to describe propagation of lower hybrid waves in tokamak plasma, Nuclear fusion 32 (7) (1992) 1091
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation e2bd9080-6527-4197-afd3-ac8cf5c92d93 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Unresolved cited work
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 1390f756-e0de-47b7-8eab-57115aa8f128 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Pereverzev, Paraxial wkb solution of a scalar wave equation, in: B
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation fba322da-8542-48ef-837d-42914e5fedfe · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Pereverzev, Beam tracing in inhomogeneous anisotropic plasmas, Physics of Plasmas 5 (10) (1998) 3529–3541
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 92c9e464-e592-42d3-b202-eacae643da94 · outbound
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 16ca676b-63f9-4707-bcce-46e6ec6d7af3 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Unresolved cited work
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 46a86d8c-946f-49b5-ad30-143cc76d6366 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Unresolved cited work
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 67e35a5b-b499-454f-b981-8c874abdea6a · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Unresolved cited work
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation b54fdfc5-4869-4bf6-b553-439d127110e3 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Unresolved cited work
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation e9725d2f-e881-44a2-ad17-ee917481ff81 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Unresolved cited work
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 15b1a7cd-8537-4ad6-8dfc-f40aee2848db · outbound
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation ccbc2fd5-0719-4f9b-93bb-d32e46bd0c1b · outbound
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 40f6968e-2af9-4456-8fa3-4d67f27aaa94 · outbound
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation fea37110-ba3d-4939-8244-6ce5dcfb75b8 · outbound
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 4306d1a7-9d36-4040-80bc-f6c7c7e1090d · outbound
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 0fe49cbd-9631-4936-bebc-30085b7b5fb1 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Bindslev, Relativistic effects in plasma reflectometry, Plasma physics and controlled fusion 34 (11) (1992) 1601
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation a331b0e6-46e6-4701-9bbf-25fe7da01cd1 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Unresolved cited work
Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 690e2b79-67ad-4d95-9ded-6fd32fed92c8 · outbound
Reference 58
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 534eb6cf-2ee1-46d7-a2fa-9938221c26c4 · outbound
A Doppler backscattering diagnostic for the EXL-50U spherical tokamak: plasma considerations and preliminary quasioptical design Guttenfelder, J
Reference 59
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation a1855fe3-2e8f-4db5-b511-ed9a296c9892 · outbound
Reference 60
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 553c2167-7db4-44ea-bd53-0eb798c75af7 · outbound
Reference 61
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation c05e59f3-bfcb-4bdb-b6c9-746ffea8fdf0 · outbound
Reference 62
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation eaafb72a-4746-46b0-bcc5-6971fa3a9ecb · outbound
Reference 63
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.