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Multimessenger search strategy for composite dark matter with white dwarf data and gravitational wave detectors
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Submitted 28 Nov 2025
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim We demonstrate that these detectors will possess the requisite sensitivity to probe untouched regions of the DM parameter space.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
The nature of dark matter (DM) remains one of the most challenges in modern physics. Composite or macroscopic DM present a compelling alternative to conventional particle DM, yet their terrestrial search is notoriously challenging due to low number density. This Letter presents a unified, multimessenger search strategy for composite DM, dramatically improving existing constraints and proposing a new detection method. We first perform a model independent update of astrophysical constraints from compact objects, utilizing systematic calculations and additional white dwarf data related to ignition and subsequent supernovae. Crucially, for the first time, we explore novel signals of composite DM in future gravitational wave detectors like LISA, TianQin, and Taiji, performing detailed signal to noise ratio and Fisher matrix analyses. We demonstrate that these detectors will possess the requisite sensitivity to probe untouched regions of the DM parameter space. Our results underscore the unique power of the multimessenger paradigm spanning stellar astrophysics and gravitational wave astronomy to explore this distinct and challenging frontier of DM physics. Our analyses extend broadly to a wide range of macroscopic or composite DM scenarios.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | The nature of dark matter (DM) remains one of the most challenges in modern physics. | background 1.00 | 0.03 | 0.02 | asserted 1.00 |
| s1 | Composite or macroscopic DM present a compelling alternative to conventional particle DM, yet their terrestrial search is notoriously challenging due to low number density. | background 0.89 | 0.04 | 0.03 | asserted 0.97 |
| s2 | This Letter presents a unified, multimessenger search strategy for composite DM, dramatically improving existing constraints and proposing a new detection method. | contribution 1.00 | 0.89 | 0.51 | asserted 1.00 |
| s3 | We first perform a model independent update of astrophysical constraints from compact objects, utilizing systematic calculations and additional white dwarf data related to ignition and subsequent supernovae. | method 0.82 | 0.93 | 0.04 | asserted 1.00 |
| s4 | Crucially, for the first time, we explore novel signals of composite DM in future gravitational wave detectors like LISA, TianQin, and Taiji, performing detailed signal to noise ratio and Fisher matrix analyses. | contribution 0.86 | 0.94 | 0.13 | asserted 0.99 |
| s5 | We demonstrate that these detectors will possess the requisite sensitivity to probe untouched regions of the DM parameter space. | result 0.94 | 0.79 | 0.33 | asserted 0.98 |
| s6 | Our results underscore the unique power of the multimessenger paradigm spanning stellar astrophysics and gravitational wave astronomy to explore this distinct and challenging frontier of DM physics. | interpretation 1.00 | 0.47 | 0.38 | asserted 0.99 |
| s7 | Our analyses extend broadly to a wide range of macroscopic or composite DM scenarios. | contribution 0.56 | 0.83 | 0.08 | asserted 1.00 |
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The paper
Original abstract
The nature of dark matter (DM) remains one of the most challenges in modern physics. Composite or macroscopic DM present a compelling alternative to conventional particle DM, yet their terrestrial search is notoriously challenging due to low number density. This Letter presents a unified, multimessenger search strategy for composite DM, dramatically improving existing constraints and proposing a new detection method. We first perform a model independent update of astrophysical constraints from compact objects, utilizing systematic calculations and additional white dwarf data related to ignition and subsequent supernovae. Crucially, for the first time, we explore novel signals of composite DM in future gravitational wave detectors like LISA, TianQin, and Taiji, performing detailed signal to noise ratio and Fisher matrix analyses. We demonstrate that these detectors will possess the requisite sensitivity to probe untouched regions of the DM parameter space. Our results underscore the unique power of the multimessenger paradigm spanning stellar astrophysics and gravitational wave astronomy to explore this distinct and challenging frontier of DM physics. Our analyses extend broadly to a wide range of macroscopic or composite DM scenarios.
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References
How the literature uses it
2 arXiv papers cite this in 3 sentences
Papers citing it · 2 sentences without a confident label
Cites it as background 1 paper
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In addition, FOPTs may produce asymmetric DM or macroscopic non-thermal relics, such as (gauged) Q-ball and Fermi-ball DM [ref] .
Dark Matter Production from Bubble Collisions during a First-Order Phase Transition at the End of Inflation · Introduction · 0.90
What it cites · 74 sentences without a confident label
Uses the method or tool of 4 papers
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In order to evaluate the DM velocity at the position of NS, we use the Maxwell-Boltzmann dispersion speed $v_DM(r) = √(3GM_(r)/2r)$ where $M_(r)$ is the DM mass enclosed in $r$ [ref] .
Supernovae and superbursts by dark matter clumps · Introduction · 0.85
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By adopting the Navarro-Frenk-White profile [ref] , [equation] where $r_s=20 kpc$ and $ρ_c$ can be fixed by $ρ_DM(r_⊙)$, then $M(r) =∫_0^r d^3 r⃗^' ρ_DM(r^')$.
A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering · Introduction · 0.81
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By adopting the Navarro-Frenk-White profile [ref] , [equation] where $r_s=20 kpc$ and $ρ_c$ can be fixed by $ρ_DM(r_⊙)$, then $M(r) =∫_0^r d^3 r⃗^' ρ_DM(r^')$.
Neutrino lines from MeV dark matter annihilation and decay in JUNO · Introduction · 0.81
Uses data or values from 6 papers
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We take 4361 WDs in Montreal White Dwarf Database [ref] with known lifetimes and masses spanning $0.8<M_WD/M_⊙<1.4$.
The Montreal White Dwarf Database: a Tool for the Community · Introduction · 0.99
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For NS crusts, the condition that DM crosses the non-degenerate layer is set by using the maximum ignition column depth at the carbon ocean in Ref. [ref] , which is about $ρ_envR_env ≃4×10^13 g·cm^-2$.
Carbon Flashes in the Heavy Element Ocean on Accreting Neutron Stars · Introduction · 1.00
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The mass and radius of the NS are [ref] $M_NS = 1.58 M_⊙$ and $R_NS = 9.11 km$ respectively.
The Mass and Radius of the Neutron Star in 4U 1820-30 · Introduction · 1.00
Compares with 3 papers
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This value is about 100 times larger than that in [ref] and $10^6$ times larger than the value reported in [ref] , but it is 300 times smaller than the value in [ref] .
Reconsidering astrophysical constraints on macroscopic dark matter · Introduction · 1.00
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This value is about 100 times larger than that in [ref] and $10^6$ times larger than the value reported in [ref] , but it is 300 times smaller than the value in [ref] .
Supernovae and superbursts by dark matter clumps · Introduction · 1.00
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This value is about 100 times larger than that in [ref] and $10^6$ times larger than the value reported in [ref] , but it is 300 times smaller than the value in [ref] .
White Dwarfs as Dark Matter Detectors · Introduction · 1.00
Cites as background 15 papers
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Some works consider the close approach limit, where the DM is restricted to passing by an interferometer node with an impact parameter smaller than the characteristic size of the detector, $D < L$ [ref] .
Probing Dark Matter Clumps, Strings and Domain Walls with Gravitational Wave Detectors · Introduction · 0.88
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Many efforts for detecting them have been proposed [ref] .
Gravitational Waves From More Attractive Dark Binaries · Introduction · 0.84
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Many efforts for detecting them have been proposed [ref] .
Constraining Dark Matter-Baryon Scattering with Linear Cosmology · Introduction · 0.84
Discussion
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