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CANTON-$\mu$ Proposal: A Next-Generation Muon $g-2$ Measurement at Sub-0.1 ppm Precision
High Energy Physics - Experiment · Submitted 12 Dec 2025 · Published version
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim Together, the statistical projections and systematic-uncertainty targets indicate prospective total precisions of 0.1 ppm in Phase-I, comparable to the current Fermilab precision, with the potential to reach the 0.05 ppm level in in Phase-II following the planned HIAF upgrade.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
We propose a next-generation precision measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment (muon g-2) at the High Intensity Heavy-Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) in Huizhou, China. We refer to this proposed experimental programme as CANTON-$\mu$ (Coherent Anomalous magNetic momenT ObservatioN with muon). HIAF's intense, pulsed GeV-scale muon beams, particularly for negative muons, provide a promising basis for this programme. Building on two previously proposed storage-ring concepts, this work develops HIAF-specific experimental schemes that relax the conventional magic-momentum constraint and allow greater flexibility in the choice of beam momentum. We assess the expected muon intensity at HIAF and the corresponding statistical sensitivity. For each scheme, we identify its distinctive systematic effects, examine feasible control strategies, and propose quantitative systematic-uncertainty targets. Together, the statistical projections and systematic-uncertainty targets indicate prospective total precisions of 0.1 ppm in Phase-I, comparable to the current Fermilab precision, with the potential to reach the 0.05 ppm level in in Phase-II following the planned HIAF upgrade. At the ultimate projected precision, the measurement would provide a stringent test of the Standard Model and probe new physics at multi-TeV scales. A focus on negative-muon measurements would enable direct comparison with existing high-precision positive-muon results and strengthen tests of CPT symmetry in the muon sector within the Standard-Model Extension, with a projected sensitivity at the $10^{-24}$ GeV level, an order of magnitude beyond current limits.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | We propose a next-generation precision measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment (muon g-2) at the High Intensity Heavy-Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) in Huizhou, China. | contribution 0.98 | 0.36 | 0.07 | asserted 0.92 |
| s1 | We refer to this proposed experimental programme as CANTON-$\mu$ (Coherent Anomalous magNetic momenT ObservatioN with muon). | contribution 0.89 | 0.57 | 0.03 | asserted 0.96 |
| s2 | HIAF's intense, pulsed GeV-scale muon beams, particularly for negative muons, provide a promising basis for this programme. | background 0.83 | 0.12 | 0.03 | hedged possibility 0.88 |
| s3 | Building on two previously proposed storage-ring concepts, this work develops HIAF-specific experimental schemes that relax the conventional magic-momentum constraint and allow greater flexibility in the choice of beam momentum. | contribution 0.91 | 0.79 | 0.05 | asserted 1.00 |
| s4 | We assess the expected muon intensity at HIAF and the corresponding statistical sensitivity. | contribution 0.71 | 0.75 | 0.03 | asserted 0.87 |
| s5 | For each scheme, we identify its distinctive systematic effects, examine feasible control strategies, and propose quantitative systematic-uncertainty targets. | contribution 0.61 | 0.85 | 0.04 | asserted 0.92 |
| s6 | Together, the statistical projections and systematic-uncertainty targets indicate prospective total precisions of 0.1 ppm in Phase-I, comparable to the current Fermilab precision, with the potential to reach the 0.05 ppm level in in Phase-II following the planned HIAF upgrade. | result 0.97 | 0.77 | 0.64 | hedged possibility 0.98 |
| s7 | At the ultimate projected precision, the measurement would provide a stringent test of the Standard Model and probe new physics at multi-TeV scales. | interpretation 1.00 | 0.15 | 0.27 | hedged possibility 0.79 |
| s8 | A focus on negative-muon measurements would enable direct comparison with existing high-precision positive-muon results and strengthen tests of CPT symmetry in the muon sector within the Standard-Model Extension, with a projected sensitivity at the $10^{-24}$ GeV level, an order of magnitude beyond current limits. | interpretation 0.84 | 0.31 | 0.13 | hedged possibility 0.76 |
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The paper
Original abstract
We propose a next-generation precision measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment (muon g-2) at the High Intensity Heavy-Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) in Huizhou, China. We refer to this proposed experimental programme as CANTON-$\mu$ (Coherent Anomalous magNetic momenT ObservatioN with muon). HIAF's intense, pulsed GeV-scale muon beams, particularly for negative muons, provide a promising basis for this programme. Building on two previously proposed storage-ring concepts, this work develops HIAF-specific experimental schemes that relax the conventional magic-momentum constraint and allow greater flexibility in the choice of beam momentum. We assess the expected muon intensity at HIAF and the corresponding statistical sensitivity. For each scheme, we identify its distinctive systematic effects, examine feasible control strategies, and propose quantitative systematic-uncertainty targets. Together, the statistical projections and systematic-uncertainty targets indicate prospective total precisions of 0.1 ppm in Phase-I, comparable to the current Fermilab precision, with the potential to reach the 0.05 ppm level in Phase-II following the planned HIAF upgrade. At the ultimate projected precision, the measurement would provide a stringent test of the Standard Model and probe new physics at multi-TeV scales. A focus on negative-muon measurements would enable direct comparison with existing high-precision positive-muon results and strengthen tests of CPT symmetry in the muon sector within the Standard-Model Extension, with a projected sensitivity at the $10^{-24}$ GeV level, an order of magnitude beyond current limits.
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How the literature uses it
1 arXiv paper cite this in 1 sentence
What it cites · 42 sentences without a confident label
Uses data or values from 3 papers
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The Fermilab experiment reported a total systematic uncertainty of 76 ppb, with individual sources, which include field calibration, beam dynamics, and precession measurement (together with detector response), each contributing at the 10–30 ppb level [ref] .
2506.03069 · Precision Goals and Projected Sensitivity · 0.93
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Using both polarities, the BNL E821 experiment reported [ref] [equation] a limit that remains the most stringent to date.
Search for Lorentz and CPT Violation Effects in Muon Spin Precession · New Physcis Potentials · 0.85
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The most precise $μ^-$ measurement to date originates from the Brookhaven E821 experiment in 2004 [ref] , with an uncertainty of 0.7 ppm, which is about five times larger than that of the present $μ^+$ result.
Measurement of the Negative Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.7 ppm · New Physcis Potentials · 0.83
Compares with 1 paper
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Figure [ref] shows the purified muon flux, as considered for the $g-2$ experiment, in the 1–5 GeV momentum range, compared with Fig. 5 of Ref. [ref] , which displays the unpurified flux.
The Feasibility Study of the GeV-Energy Muon Source Based on HIAF · Muon Production Simulation for $g-2$ · 0.99
Cites as background 17 papers
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The HFRS beamline [ref] , originally designed to serve as the main experimental platform of HIAF, providing high-resolution separation and transport of secondary particles produced from high-energy projectile fragmentation and in-flight fission processes.
2510.14343 · Muon Production Simulation for $g-2$ · 0.88
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Designed to deliver the world’s most intense heavy-ion beams across a broad energy range, HIAF aims to support a diverse program of nuclear, particle, and applied-physics experiments [ref] .
The plan for a super $\eta$ factory at Huizhou accelerator complex · Muon Production Simulation for $g-2$ · 0.87
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The construction runs in parallel with the China Initiative Accelerator Driven System (CiADS) [ref] , another major proton acceleration-based facility under the same institute.
Towards a high-intensity muon source at CiADS · Muon Production Simulation for $g-2$ · 0.96
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