pith. sign in

arxiv: 2601.02317 · v1 · submitted 2026-01-05 · ⚛️ physics.optics · quant-ph

Mechanisms and Opportunities for Tunable High-Purity Single Photon Emitters: A Review of Hybrid Perovskites and Prospects for Bright Squeezed Vacuum

Galy Yang , Eric Ashallay , Zhiming Wang , Abolfazl Bayat , Arup Neogi This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-16 17:35 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ⚛️ physics.optics quant-ph
keywords single-photon emittershybrid perovskitesquantum dotsbright squeezed vacuumquantum opticstunabilityphoton purityroom-temperature operation
0
0 comments X

The pith

Hybrid perovskite quantum dots address key limitations in single-photon emitter purity and tunability while bright squeezed vacuum offers a multiplexable alternative.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This review classifies single-photon emitters according to their physical mechanisms to clarify performance trade-offs in purity, indistinguishability, and tunability. It centers on hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite quantum dots that allow emission wavelength tuning through size and composition control, while delivering narrow linewidths and room-temperature operation. Comparative analysis of mechanisms and metrics indicates these dots can mitigate constraints of established platforms such as conventional quantum emitters and nonlinear processes. The paper presents a performance framework to direct scalable source development and evaluates bright squeezed vacuum states as a route to high-purity photons in multiplexed configurations that avoid the limits of single deterministic emitters.

Core claim

Through mechanism-based classification the review shows that hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite quantum dots supply size- and composition-tunable emission with narrow linewidths and room-temperature operation, thereby addressing purity and tunability shortfalls of conventional single-photon sources. It further argues that bright squeezed vacuum states, generated through nonlinear optical processes, constitute a viable path to multiplexable high-purity photon generation that extends beyond the constraints of heralded schemes relying on individual emitters.

What carries the argument

Mechanism-based classification of single-photon emitters that organizes sources by underlying processes such as exciton recombination or parametric down-conversion and evaluates them on purity, brightness, and scalability metrics, with hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite quantum dots as the tunable platform and bright squeezed vacuum states as the prospective high-purity mechanism.

If this is right

  • Hybrid perovskite quantum dots enable size- and composition-tunable emission wavelengths together with narrow linewidths at room temperature.
  • The tunability helps overcome wavelength-matching and operational-temperature limitations in established single-photon emitter platforms.
  • A performance framework is supplied to steer development of scalable single-photon emitters.
  • Bright squeezed vacuum states enable multiplexable high-purity photon generation that surpasses conventional heralded schemes.
  • Both approaches support integration into scalable quantum photonic architectures.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If hybrid perovskite quantum dots integrate reliably into photonic circuits they could support compact room-temperature quantum networks.
  • Practical realization of bright squeezed vacuum would shift quantum photon sources from reliance on individual emitters toward ensemble-based generation.
  • The classification approach could be applied directly to compare emerging materials such as two-dimensional semiconductors.
  • Successful bright squeezed vacuum implementations would lower cryogenic requirements across quantum communication systems.

Load-bearing premise

The performance framework will guide scalable single-photon emitter development and bright squeezed vacuum states can be realized practically to deliver high-purity photons without the constraints of current deterministic sources.

What would settle it

Demonstration of single-photon purity exceeding 99 percent from a multiplexed bright squeezed vacuum source with brightness matching or exceeding heralded emitters would support the prospects, while inability to maintain narrow linewidth emission consistently in scaled hybrid perovskite quantum dot devices would refute the claimed tunability advantages.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2601.02317 by Abolfazl Bayat, Arup Neogi, Eric Ashallay, Galy Yang, Zhiming Wang.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Applications and evolution of single photons sources. (a) Single photons possess indivisibility, low [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Characterization techniques for SPEs. (a) HBT setup for assessing single-photon purity. A 50/50 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Mechanism of quantum emitters: (a) Spontaneous Emission: It is initially excited to a higher energy [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Single photon Generation Using STIRAP Process. Atoms are first captured and cooled using an MOT, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: QDs confinement and emission mechanisms (a) Electron-hole pairs in QDs and their size-dependent [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Narrow and tunable emission spectra of various types of QDs. (a) PL spectra of ensemble CdSe [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Schematic representation of simplified preference of AR in different scenarios: (a) In low-intensity [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Three different fabrication mechanisms for QDs. (a) Solution based colloidal synthesis method for [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: Sources based on nonlinear optical processes. (a) Schematic of the SPDC process. (b) Schematic of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p015_9.png] view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Perovskites used for single photon emission: (a) Perovskite crystal structure. Left: generic structure [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p023_10.png] view at source ↗
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: AR induced blinking: (a) The time dependence of the PL intensity of a single CdSe NC coated with [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p024_11.png] view at source ↗
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: Performance of different schemes of HOIP QDs. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p027_12.png] view at source ↗
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: Other blinking-suppressed PQDs approaches. (a) PL intensity trajectories demonstrating blinking [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p030_13.png] view at source ↗
Figure 14
Figure 14. Figure 14: Progress and benchmarks of SPEs: Annual publications on SPEs and perovskite-based SPEs from [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p031_14.png] view at source ↗
Figure 15
Figure 15. Figure 15: Sunburst plot of the RECIQ framework for SPE performance. Sub-metrics and representative state [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p032_15.png] view at source ↗
Figure 16
Figure 16. Figure 16: Fundamentals of BSV. (a) Phase-space representations of a coherent state, squeezed state, vacuum [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p034_16.png] view at source ↗
Figure 17
Figure 17. Figure 17: Schematic of two conceptual BSV-SPE channels. (a) Photon subtraction with conditional mea [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p035_17.png] view at source ↗
Figure 18
Figure 18. Figure 18: BSV SPEs. (a) Schematic representation of single eigenmode isolation of broadband PDC radiation [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p036_18.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Single-photon emitters (SPEs) are central to quantum communication, computing, and metrology, yet their development remains constrained by trade-offs in purity, indistinguishability, and tunability. This review presents a mechanism-based classification of SPEs, offering a physics-oriented framework to clarify the performance limitations of conventional sources, including quantum emitters and nonlinear optical processes. Particular attention is given to hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite quantum dots (HOIP QDs), which provide size- and composition-tunable emission with narrow linewidths and room-temperature operation. Through comparative analysis of physical mechanisms and performance metrics, we show how HOIP QDs may address key limitations of established SPE platforms. Recognizing the constraints of current deterministic sources, we introduce a performance framework to guide the development of scalable SPEs, and examine the theoretical potential of bright squeezed vacuum (BSV) states, discussing how BSV mechanisms could serve as a promising avenue for multiplexable, high-purity photon generation beyond conventional heralded schemes. The review concludes by outlining future directions for integrating HOIP- and BSV-based concepts into scalable quantum photonic architectures.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript is a review that presents a mechanism-based classification of single-photon emitters (SPEs) to clarify limitations in purity, indistinguishability, and tunability. It focuses on hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite quantum dots (HOIP QDs) for their tunable emission and room-temperature operation, performs comparative analysis of mechanisms and metrics to argue that HOIP QDs can address shortcomings of established platforms, introduces a performance framework to guide scalable SPE development, and explores bright squeezed vacuum (BSV) states as a route to multiplexable high-purity photons beyond conventional heralded sources.

Significance. If the synthesis and framework hold, the review provides a useful physics-oriented lens for navigating SPE trade-offs and highlights concrete opportunities in HOIP QDs and BSV mechanisms that could inform scalable quantum photonic architectures. The literature-based comparative analysis and forward-looking prospects constitute the main value, as no new data or derivations are presented.

major comments (2)
  1. [Performance framework] Performance framework section: the framework is introduced to guide scalable SPE development, yet it remains qualitative without explicit measurable thresholds (e.g., minimum purity, brightness, or integration density) or validation against existing experimental datasets, limiting its ability to direct concrete experimental priorities.
  2. [BSV prospects] BSV prospects discussion: the claim that BSV mechanisms offer a promising avenue for high-purity photon generation beyond heralded schemes is advanced on theoretical grounds, but the manuscript does not quantify expected purity improvements or address specific implementation challenges such as loss tolerance or multiplexing overhead relative to current deterministic sources.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract and introduction: the statement that HOIP QDs provide 'narrow linewidths' would benefit from a brief comparison table or cited typical values (e.g., FWHM in meV) to anchor the claim against other platforms.
  2. [Conclusion] Conclusion: the outlined future directions for integrating HOIP- and BSV-based concepts could include more specific milestones, such as target integration densities or required coherence times, to strengthen the forward-looking section.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their constructive feedback and positive assessment of our review. We address each major comment point by point below, indicating where revisions will be made to strengthen the manuscript.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Performance framework] Performance framework section: the framework is introduced to guide scalable SPE development, yet it remains qualitative without explicit measurable thresholds (e.g., minimum purity, brightness, or integration density) or validation against existing experimental datasets, limiting its ability to direct concrete experimental priorities.

    Authors: We agree that the framework would benefit from greater concreteness to better guide experiments. In the revised manuscript, we will expand the performance framework section to include example measurable thresholds (such as purity >0.9, brightness >10^5 photons/s, and integration density considerations) drawn from representative experimental datasets in the literature for HOIP QDs and other platforms. This will provide clearer, actionable priorities while preserving the framework's conceptual role in highlighting mechanism-based trade-offs. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [BSV prospects] BSV prospects discussion: the claim that BSV mechanisms offer a promising avenue for high-purity photon generation beyond heralded schemes is advanced on theoretical grounds, but the manuscript does not quantify expected purity improvements or address specific implementation challenges such as loss tolerance or multiplexing overhead relative to current deterministic sources.

    Authors: We acknowledge that the BSV discussion remains at a qualitative, prospect-oriented level, consistent with the review's scope. We will partially revise this section to discuss implementation challenges, including loss tolerance and multiplexing overhead, by referencing relevant theoretical and experimental literature on squeezed vacuum states. However, we cannot provide new quantitative estimates of purity improvements, as that would require dedicated modeling beyond the manuscript's review nature; we will explicitly note this as an area for future theoretical work. revision: partial

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity in this review paper

full rationale

This is a review paper whose core contribution is a mechanism-based classification of existing SPE platforms drawn from external literature, followed by interpretive comparison of HOIP QDs and forward-looking discussion of BSV prospects. No new equations, fitted parameters, quantitative predictions, or derivations are advanced that could reduce to the paper's own inputs by construction. All performance metrics and mechanisms are synthesized from cited prior work, and the performance framework is presented as a guiding synthesis rather than a load-bearing claim whose validity depends on self-referential steps. Self-citations, if present, are not used to justify uniqueness theorems or ansatzes that close the argument loop. The manuscript therefore remains self-contained against external benchmarks with no circular reduction.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 1 invented entities

The review relies on standard quantum-optics principles for its classification and draws performance metrics from prior publications; the new performance framework and BSV prospects are introduced without new empirical data or independent validation.

axioms (1)
  • standard math Established mechanisms of quantum emitters and nonlinear optical processes
    The mechanism-based classification rests on textbook and literature descriptions of photon generation in quantum dots and parametric processes.
invented entities (1)
  • Performance framework for scalable SPEs no independent evidence
    purpose: To guide development of scalable single-photon emitters by addressing constraints of current sources
    Newly proposed in the review as an organizing tool; no independent falsifiable test is provided in the abstract.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5519 in / 1344 out tokens · 76745 ms · 2026-05-16T17:35:24.592587+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Lean theorems connected to this paper

Citations machine-checked in the Pith Canon. Every link opens the source theorem in the public Lean library.

What do these tags mean?
matches
The paper's claim is directly supported by a theorem in the formal canon.
supports
The theorem supports part of the paper's argument, but the paper may add assumptions or extra steps.
extends
The paper goes beyond the formal theorem; the theorem is a base layer rather than the whole result.
uses
The paper appears to rely on the theorem as machinery.
contradicts
The paper's claim conflicts with a theorem or certificate in the canon.
unclear
Pith found a possible connection, but the passage is too broad, indirect, or ambiguous to say the theorem truly supports the claim.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

300 extracted references · 300 canonical work pages · 2 internal anchors

  1. [1]

    A primer for quantum computing and its applications to healthcare and biomedical research,

    T. J. Durant, E. Knight, B. Nelson, S. Dudgeon, S. J. Lee, D. Walliman, H. P. Young, L. Ohno-Machado, and W. L. Schulz, “A primer for quantum computing and its applications to healthcare and biomedical research,” Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association31, 1774–1784 (2024)

    work page 2024

  2. [2]

    Progress in quantum-dot single photon sources for quantum information technologies: A broad spectrum overview,

    Y . Arakawa and M. J. Holmes, “Progress in quantum-dot single photon sources for quantum information technologies: A broad spectrum overview,” Applied Physics Reviews7(2020)

    work page 2020

  3. [3]

    Quantum sensors for biomedical applications,

    N. Aslam, H. Zhou, E. K. Urbach, M. J. Turner, R. L. Walsworth, M. D. Lukin, and H. Park, “Quantum sensors for biomedical applications,” Nature Reviews Physics5, 157–169 (2023)

    work page 2023

  4. [4]

    Practical quantum advantage in quantum simulation,

    A. J. Daley, I. Bloch, C. Kokail, S. Flannigan, N. Pearson, M. Troyer, and P. Zoller, “Practical quantum advantage in quantum simulation,” Nature607, 667–676 (2022)

    work page 2022

  5. [5]

    Applications of single photons to quantum communication and computing,

    C. Couteau, S. Barz, T. Durt, T. Gerrits, J. Huwer, R. Prevedel, J. Rarity, A. Shields, and G. Weihs, “Applications of single photons to quantum communication and computing,” Nature Reviews Physics5, 326–338 (2023)

    work page 2023

  6. [6]

    Single-photon emission from two-dimensional mate- rials, to a brighter future,

    S. Gupta, W. Wu, S. Huang, and B. I. Yakobson, “Single-photon emission from two-dimensional mate- rials, to a brighter future,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters14, 3274–3284 (2023)

    work page 2023

  7. [7]

    Single-photon detection for long-range imaging and sensing,

    R. H. Hadfield, J. Leach, F. Fleming, D. J. Paul, C. H. Tan, J. S. Ng, R. K. Henderson, and G. S. Buller, “Single-photon detection for long-range imaging and sensing,” Optica10, 1124–1141 (2023)

    work page 2023

  8. [8]

    Applications of single photons in quantum metrology, biology and the foundations of quantum physics,

    C. Couteau, S. Barz, T. Durt, T. Gerrits, J. Huwer, R. Prevedel, J. Rarity, A. Shields, and G. Weihs, “Applications of single photons in quantum metrology, biology and the foundations of quantum physics,” Nature Reviews Physics5, 354–363 (2023). 40

    work page 2023

  9. [9]

    Invited review article: Single-photon sources and detectors,

    M. D. Eisaman, J. Fan, A. Migdall, and S. V . Polyakov, “Invited review article: Single-photon sources and detectors,” Review of scientific instruments82(2011)

    work page 2011

  10. [10]

    Deterministic generation of indistinguishable pho- tons in a cluster state,

    D. Cogan, Z.-E. Su, O. Kenneth, and D. Gershoni, “Deterministic generation of indistinguishable pho- tons in a cluster state,” Nature Photonics17, 324–329 (2023)

    work page 2023

  11. [11]

    High- rate quantum key distribution exceeding 110 mb s–1,

    W. Li, L. Zhang, H. Tan, Y . Lu, S.-K. Liao, J. Huang, H. Li, Z. Wang, H.-K. Mao, B. Yan,et al., “High- rate quantum key distribution exceeding 110 mb s–1,” Nature photonics17, 416–421 (2023)

    work page 2023

  12. [12]

    Experimental twin-field quantum key distribution over 1000 km fiber distance,

    Y . Liu, W.-J. Zhang, C. Jiang, J.-P. Chen, C. Zhang, W.-X. Pan, D. Ma, H. Dong, J.-M. Xiong, C.-J. Zhang,et al., “Experimental twin-field quantum key distribution over 1000 km fiber distance,” Physical Review Letters130, 210801 (2023)

    work page 2023

  13. [13]

    A versatile single-photon-based quantum computing platform,

    N. Maring, A. Fyrillas, M. Pont, E. Ivanov, P. Stepanov, N. Margaria, W. Hease, A. Pishchagin, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes,et al., “A versatile single-photon-based quantum computing platform,” Nature Photonics18, 603–609 (2024)

    work page 2024

  14. [14]

    High-efficiency single-photon source above the loss-tolerant threshold for efficient linear optical quantum computing,

    X. Ding, Y .-P. Guo, M.-C. Xu, R.-Z. Liu, G.-Y . Zou, J.-Y . Zhao, Z.-X. Ge, Q.-H. Zhang, H.-L. Liu, L.-J. Wang,et al., “High-efficiency single-photon source above the loss-tolerant threshold for efficient linear optical quantum computing,” Nature Photonics , 1–5 (2025)

    work page 2025

  15. [15]

    Superconducting single-photon detectors in the mid-infrared for physical chemistry and spectroscopy,

    J. A. Lau, V . B. Verma, D. Schwarzer, and A. M. Wodtke, “Superconducting single-photon detectors in the mid-infrared for physical chemistry and spectroscopy,” Chemical Society Reviews52, 921–941 (2023)

    work page 2023

  16. [16]

    Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for quantum information,

    L. You, “Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for quantum information,” Nanophotonics 9, 2673–2692 (2020)

    work page 2020

  17. [17]

    Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors: A perspective on evolution, state-of-the- art, future developments, and applications,

    I. Esmaeil Zadeh, J. Chang, J. W. Los, S. Gyger, A. W. Elshaari, S. Steinhauer, S. N. Dorenbos, and V . Zwiller, “Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors: A perspective on evolution, state-of-the- art, future developments, and applications,” Applied Physics Letters118(2021)

    work page 2021

  18. [18]

    Hong–ou–mandel interference in colloidal cspbbr3 perovskite nanocrystals,

    A. E. Kaplan, C. J. Krajewska, A. H. Proppe, W. Sun, T. Sverko, D. B. Berkinsky, H. Utzat, and M. G. Bawendi, “Hong–ou–mandel interference in colloidal cspbbr3 perovskite nanocrystals,” Nature Photon- ics17, 775–780 (2023)

    work page 2023

  19. [19]

    Defect and strain engineering of monolayer wse2 enables site-controlled single-photon emission up to 150 k,

    K. Parto, S. I. Azzam, K. Banerjee, and G. Moody, “Defect and strain engineering of monolayer wse2 enables site-controlled single-photon emission up to 150 k,” Nature communications12, 3585 (2021)

    work page 2021

  20. [20]

    Efficient generation of entangled multiphoton graph states from a single atom,

    P. Thomas, L. Ruscio, O. Morin, and G. Rempe, “Efficient generation of entangled multiphoton graph states from a single atom,” Nature608, 677–681 (2022)

    work page 2022

  21. [21]

    Observation of tunable optical parametric fluorescence,

    S. Harris, M. Oshman, and R. Byer, “Observation of tunable optical parametric fluorescence,” Physical Review Letters18, 732 (1967)

    work page 1967

  22. [22]

    Time- multiplexed heralded single-photon source,

    F. Kaneda, B. G. Christensen, J. J. Wong, H. S. Park, K. T. McCusker, and P. G. Kwiat, “Time- multiplexed heralded single-photon source,” Optica2, 1010–1013 (2015)

    work page 2015

  23. [23]

    Spontaneous parametric down-conversion sources for multiphoton experiments,

    C. Zhang, Y .-F. Huang, B.-H. Liu, C.-F. Li, and G.-C. Guo, “Spontaneous parametric down-conversion sources for multiphoton experiments,” Advanced Quantum Technologies4, 2000132 (2021)

    work page 2021

  24. [24]

    Spdc single-photon source in ti-indiffused diced ridge linbo3 waveguides,

    C. Kießler, M. Kirsch, S. Lengeling, H. Herrmann, and C. Silberhorn, “Spdc single-photon source in ti-indiffused diced ridge linbo3 waveguides,” Optics Continuum4, 593–606 (2025)

    work page 2025

  25. [25]

    Efficient quantum memory for photonic polarization qubits generated by cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric downconversion,

    Y .-C. Tseng, Y .-C. Wei, and Y .-C. Chen, “Efficient quantum memory for photonic polarization qubits generated by cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric downconversion,” Optics Express30, 19944– 19960 (2022)

    work page 2022

  26. [26]

    Room-temperature single-photon source with near-millisecond built-in memory,

    K. B. Dideriksen, R. Schmieg, M. Zugenmaier, and E. S. Polzik, “Room-temperature single-photon source with near-millisecond built-in memory,” Nature communications12, 3699 (2021)

    work page 2021

  27. [27]

    High-performance semiconductor quantum-dot single-photon sources,

    P. Senellart, G. Solomon, and A. White, “High-performance semiconductor quantum-dot single-photon sources,” Nature nanotechnology12, 1026–1039 (2017). 41

    work page 2017

  28. [28]

    Solid-state single-photon sources: Recent advances for novel quantum materials,

    M. Esmann, S. C. Wein, and C. Antón-Solanas, “Solid-state single-photon sources: Recent advances for novel quantum materials,” Advanced Functional Materials34, 2315936 (2024)

    work page 2024

  29. [29]

    Optical quality of inas/inp quantum dots on distributed bragg reflector emitting at 3rd telecom window grown by molecular beam epitaxy,

    T. Smołka, K. Posmyk, M. Wasiluk, P. Wyborski, M. Gawełczyk, P. Mrowi ´nski, M. Mikulicz, A. Zieli´nska, J. P. Reithmaier, A. Musiał,et al., “Optical quality of inas/inp quantum dots on distributed bragg reflector emitting at 3rd telecom window grown by molecular beam epitaxy,” Materials14, 6270 (2021)

    work page 2021

  30. [30]

    Machine- learning-assisted and real-time-feedback-controlled growth of inas/gaas quantum dots,

    C. Shen, W. Zhan, K. Xin, M. Li, Z. Sun, H. Cong, C. Xu, J. Tang, Z. Wu, B. Xu,et al., “Machine- learning-assisted and real-time-feedback-controlled growth of inas/gaas quantum dots,” Nature Commu- nications15, 2724 (2024)

    work page 2024

  31. [31]

    Triggered single-photon emission of resonantly excited quantum dots grown on (111) b gaas substrate,

    M. von Helversen, A. V . Haisler, M. P. Daurtsev, D. V . Dmitriev, A. I. Toropov, S. Rodt, V . A. Haisler, I. A. Derebezov, and S. Reitzenstein, “Triggered single-photon emission of resonantly excited quantum dots grown on (111) b gaas substrate,” physica status solidi (RRL)–Rapid Research Letters16, 2200133 (2022)

    work page 2022

  32. [32]

    The race for the ideal single-photon source is on,

    S. Thomas and P. Senellart, “The race for the ideal single-photon source is on,” Nature Nanotechnology 16, 367–368 (2021)

    work page 2021

  33. [33]

    Purifying single photon emission from giant shell cdse/cds quantum dots at room temperature,

    S. Morozov, S. Vezzoli, A. Myslovska, A. Di Giacomo, N. A. Mortensen, I. Moreels, and R. Sapienza, “Purifying single photon emission from giant shell cdse/cds quantum dots at room temperature,” Nanoscale15, 1645–1651 (2023)

    work page 2023

  34. [34]

    Quantum interference with independent single-photon sources over 300 km fiber,

    X. You, M.-Y . Zheng, S. Chen, R.-Z. Liu, J. Qin, M.-C. Xu, Z.-X. Ge, T.-H. Chung, Y .-K. Qiao, Y .-F. Jiang,et al., “Quantum interference with independent single-photon sources over 300 km fiber,” Ad- vanced Photonics4, 066003–066003 (2022)

    work page 2022

  35. [35]

    Bright silicon carbide single-photon emitting diodes at low tem- peratures: Toward quantum photonics applications,

    I. A. Khramtsov and D. Y . Fedyanin, “Bright silicon carbide single-photon emitting diodes at low tem- peratures: Toward quantum photonics applications,” Nanomaterials11, 3177 (2021)

    work page 2021

  36. [36]

    Photophysics of intrinsic single-photon emitters in silicon nitride at low temperatures,

    Z. O. Martin, A. Senichev, S. Peana, B. J. Lawrie, A. S. Lagutchev, A. Boltasseva, and V . M. Sha- laev, “Photophysics of intrinsic single-photon emitters in silicon nitride at low temperatures,” Advanced Quantum Technologies6, 2300099 (2023)

    work page 2023

  37. [37]

    Wafer-scale nanofabrication of telecom single-photon emitters in silicon,

    M. Hollenbach, N. Klingner, N. S. Jagtap, L. Bischoff, C. Fowley, U. Kentsch, G. Hlawacek, A. Erbe, N. V . Abrosimov, M. Helm,et al., “Wafer-scale nanofabrication of telecom single-photon emitters in silicon,” Nature Communications13, 7683 (2022)

    work page 2022

  38. [38]

    Creating quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride deterministically on chip- compatible substrates,

    X. Xu, Z. O. Martin, D. Sychev, A. S. Lagutchev, Y . P. Chen, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, V . M. Shalaev, and A. Boltasseva, “Creating quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride deterministically on chip- compatible substrates,” Nano letters21, 8182–8189 (2021)

    work page 2021

  39. [39]

    Monolithic integration of single quantum emitters in hbn bullseye cavities,

    L. Spencer, J. Horder, S. Kim, M. Toth, and I. Aharonovich, “Monolithic integration of single quantum emitters in hbn bullseye cavities,” ACS Photonics10, 4417–4424 (2023)

    work page 2023

  40. [40]

    Efficient single-photon sources based on chlorine- doped znse nanopillars with growth controlled emission energy,

    Y . Kutovyi, M. M. Jansen, S. Qiao, C. Falter, N. V on Den Driesch, T. Brazda, N. Demarina, S. Trel- lenkamp, B. Bennemann, D. Grützmacher,et al., “Efficient single-photon sources based on chlorine- doped znse nanopillars with growth controlled emission energy,” ACS nano16, 14582–14589 (2022)

    work page 2022

  41. [41]

    Cavity-qed with single trapped ions,

    M. Keller, “Cavity-qed with single trapped ions,” Contemporary Physics63, 1–14 (2022)

    work page 2022

  42. [42]

    Entanglement-induced collective many-body interference,

    T. Faleo, E. Brunner, J. W. Webb, A. Pickston, J. Ho, G. Weihs, A. Buchleitner, C. Dittel, G. Dufour, A. Fedrizzi,et al., “Entanglement-induced collective many-body interference,” Science Advances10, eadp9030 (2024)

    work page 2024

  43. [43]

    Quantum key distribution using deterministic single-photon sources over a field- installed fibre link,

    M. Zahidy, M. T. Mikkelsen, R. Müller, B. Da Lio, M. Krehbiel, Y . Wang, N. Bart, A. D. Wieck, A. Lud- wig, M. Galili,et al., “Quantum key distribution using deterministic single-photon sources over a field- installed fibre link,” npj Quantum Information10, 2 (2024)

    work page 2024

  44. [44]

    Deterministic photon source of genuine three-qubit entanglement,

    Y . Meng, M. L. Chan, R. B. Nielsen, M. H. Appel, Z. Liu, Y . Wang, N. Bart, A. D. Wieck, A. Ludwig, L. Midolo,et al., “Deterministic photon source of genuine three-qubit entanglement,” Nature Communi- cations15, 7774 (2024). 42

    work page 2024

  45. [45]

    Single-molecule vacuum rabi splitting: Four-wave mixing and optical switching at the single- photon level,

    A. Pscherer, M. Meierhofer, D. Wang, H. Kelkar, D. Martín-Cano, T. Utikal, S. Götzinger, and V . San- doghdar, “Single-molecule vacuum rabi splitting: Four-wave mixing and optical switching at the single- photon level,” Physical Review Letters127, 133603 (2021)

    work page 2021

  46. [46]

    On-demand heralded mir single- photon source using a cascaded quantum system,

    J. Iles-Smith, M. K. Svendsen, A. Rubio, M. Wubs, and N. Stenger, “On-demand heralded mir single- photon source using a cascaded quantum system,” Science Advances11, eadr9239 (2025)

    work page 2025

  47. [47]

    Deterministic and electrically tunable bright single-photon source,

    A. Nowak, S. Portalupi, V . Giesz, O. Gazzano, C. Dal Savio, P.-F. Braun, K. Karrai, C. Arnold, L. Lanco, I. Sagnes,et al., “Deterministic and electrically tunable bright single-photon source,” Nature communi- cations5, 3240 (2014)

    work page 2014

  48. [48]

    Quantum communication without alignment using multiple-qubit single- photon states,

    L. Aolita and S. Walborn, “Quantum communication without alignment using multiple-qubit single- photon states,” Physical review letters98, 100501 (2007)

    work page 2007

  49. [49]

    Single-photon generation and manipulation in quantum nanophotonics,

    G. Liu, W. Zhou, D. Gromyko, D. Huang, Z. Dong, R. Liu, J. Zhu, J. Liu, C.-W. Qiu, and L. Wu, “Single-photon generation and manipulation in quantum nanophotonics,” Applied Physics Reviews12 (2025)

    work page 2025

  50. [50]

    The conservation of photons,

    G. N. Lewis, “The conservation of photons,” Nature118, 874–875 (1926)

    work page 1926

  51. [51]

    On an improvement of wien’s equation for the spectrum,

    M. Planck, “On an improvement of wien’s equation for the spectrum,” Ann. Physik1, 719–721 (1900)

    work page 1900

  52. [52]

    Coherent and incoherent states of the radiation field,

    R. J. Glauber, “Coherent and incoherent states of the radiation field,” Physical Review131, 2766 (1963)

    work page 1963

  53. [53]

    The quantum theory of optical coherence,

    R. J. Glauber, “The quantum theory of optical coherence,” Physical Review130, 2529 (1963)

    work page 1963

  54. [54]

    Correlation between photons in two coherent beams of light,

    R. H. Brown and R. Q. Twiss, “Correlation between photons in two coherent beams of light,” Nature177, 27–29 (1956)

    work page 1956

  55. [55]

    Highly photostable perovskite nanocubes: toward integrated single photon sources based on tapered nanofibers,

    S. Pierini, M. d’Amato, M. Goyal, Q. Glorieux, E. Giacobino, E. Lhuillier, C. Couteau, and A. Bramati, “Highly photostable perovskite nanocubes: toward integrated single photon sources based on tapered nanofibers,” ACS photonics7, 2265–2272 (2020)

    work page 2020

  56. [56]

    Spectral characterization of spdc-based single-photon sources for quantum key distribution,

    S. Euler, E. Fitzke, O. Nikiforov, D. Hofmann, T. Dolejsky, and T. Walther, “Spectral characterization of spdc-based single-photon sources for quantum key distribution,” The European Physical Journal Special Topics230, 1073–1080 (2021)

    work page 2021

  57. [57]

    Measurement of subpicosecond time intervals between two photons by interference,

    C.-K. Hong, Z.-Y . Ou, and L. Mandel, “Measurement of subpicosecond time intervals between two photons by interference,” Physical review letters59, 2044 (1987)

    work page 2044

  58. [58]

    A quantum light-emitting diode for the standard telecom window around 1,550 nm,

    T. Müller, J. Skiba-Szymanska, A. Krysa, J. Huwer, M. Felle, M. Anderson, R. Stevenson, J. Heffernan, D. A. Ritchie, and A. Shields, “A quantum light-emitting diode for the standard telecom window around 1,550 nm,” Nature communications9, 862 (2018)

    work page 2018

  59. [59]

    Pure single photons from a trapped atom source,

    D. B. Higginbottom, L. Slodi ˇcka, G. Araneda, L. Lachman, R. Filip, M. Hennrich, and R. Blatt, “Pure single photons from a trapped atom source,” New Journal of Physics18, 093038 (2016)

    work page 2016

  60. [60]

    Trapping of single atoms with single photons in cavity qed,

    A. Doherty, T. Lynn, C. Hood, and H. Kimble, “Trapping of single atoms with single photons in cavity qed,” Physical Review A63, 013401 (2000)

    work page 2000

  61. [61]

    Deterministic generation of single photons from one atom trapped in a cavity,

    J. McKeever, A. Boca, A. Boozer, R. Miller, J. Buck, A. Kuzmich, and H. Kimble, “Deterministic generation of single photons from one atom trapped in a cavity,” Science303, 1992–1994 (2004)

    work page 1992

  62. [62]

    Stimulated raman adiabatic passage in physics, chemistry, and beyond,

    N. V . Vitanov, A. A. Rangelov, B. W. Shore, and K. Bergmann, “Stimulated raman adiabatic passage in physics, chemistry, and beyond,” Reviews of Modern Physics89, 015006 (2017)

    work page 2017

  63. [63]

    A single-photon server with just one atom,

    M. Hijlkema, B. Weber, H. P. Specht, S. C. Webster, A. Kuhn, and G. Rempe, “A single-photon server with just one atom,” Nature Physics3, 253–255 (2007)

    work page 2007

  64. [64]

    Semicon- ductor quantum dots: Technological progress and future challenges,

    F. P. García de Arquer, D. V . Talapin, V . I. Klimov, Y . Arakawa, M. Bayer, and E. H. Sargent, “Semicon- ductor quantum dots: Technological progress and future challenges,” Science373, eaaz8541 (2021). 43

    work page 2021

  65. [65]

    Electronic states of semicon- ductor clusters: Homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening of the optical spectrum,

    A. P. Alivisatos, A. Harris, N. Levinos, M. Steigerwald, and L. Brus, “Electronic states of semicon- ductor clusters: Homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening of the optical spectrum,” The Journal of chemical physics89, 4001–4011 (1988)

    work page 1988

  66. [66]

    Multicarrier interactions in semiconductor nanocrystals in relation to the phenomena of auger recombination and carrier multiplication,

    V . I. Klimov, “Multicarrier interactions in semiconductor nanocrystals in relation to the phenomena of auger recombination and carrier multiplication,” Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys.5, 285–316 (2014)

    work page 2014

  67. [67]

    Compact high-quality cdse–cds core–shell nanocrystals with narrow emission linewidths and suppressed blinking,

    O. Chen, J. Zhao, V . P. Chauhan, J. Cui, C. Wong, D. K. Harris, H. Wei, H.-S. Han, D. Fukumura, R. K. Jain,et al., “Compact high-quality cdse–cds core–shell nanocrystals with narrow emission linewidths and suppressed blinking,” Nature materials12, 445–451 (2013)

    work page 2013

  68. [68]

    Perovskite semiconductors for room-temperature exciton-polaritonics,

    R. Su, A. Fieramosca, Q. Zhang, H. S. Nguyen, E. Deleporte, Z. Chen, D. Sanvitto, T. C. Liew, and Q. Xiong, “Perovskite semiconductors for room-temperature exciton-polaritonics,” Nature Materials20, 1315–1324 (2021)

    work page 2021

  69. [69]

    Thick-shell cuins2/zns quantum dots with suppressed “blinking

    H. Zang, H. Li, N. S. Makarov, K. A. Velizhanin, K. Wu, Y .-S. Park, and V . I. Klimov, “Thick-shell cuins2/zns quantum dots with suppressed “blinking” and narrow single-particle emission line widths,” Nano letters17, 1787–1795 (2017)

    work page 2017

  70. [70]

    Colloidal cspbbr3 per- ovskite nanocrystals: luminescence beyond traditional quantum dots,

    A. Swarnkar, R. Chulliyil, V . K. Ravi, M. Irfanullah, A. Chowdhury, and A. Nag, “Colloidal cspbbr3 per- ovskite nanocrystals: luminescence beyond traditional quantum dots,” Angewandte Chemie127, 15644– 15648 (2015)

    work page 2015

  71. [71]

    On-chip inte- gration of energy-tunable quantum dot based single-photon sources via strain tuning of gaas waveguides,

    L. Tao, W. Wei, Y . Li, W. Ou, T. Wang, C. Wang, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, F. Gan, and X. Ou, “On-chip inte- gration of energy-tunable quantum dot based single-photon sources via strain tuning of gaas waveguides,” ACS Photonics7, 2723–2730 (2020)

    work page 2020

  72. [72]

    Room-temperature, highly pure single-photon sources from all-inorganic lead halide perovskite quantum dots,

    C. Zhu, M. Marczak, L. Feld, S. C. Boehme, C. Bernasconi, A. Moskalenko, I. Cherniukh, D. Dirin, M. I. Bodnarchuk, M. V . Kovalenko,et al., “Room-temperature, highly pure single-photon sources from all-inorganic lead halide perovskite quantum dots,” Nano Letters22, 3751–3760 (2022)

    work page 2022

  73. [73]

    Scalable bright and pure single photon sources by droplet epitaxy on inp nanowire arrays,

    X. Huang, J. Horder, W. W. Wong, N. Wang, Y . Bian, K. Yamamura, I. Aharonovich, C. Jagadish, and H. H. Tan, “Scalable bright and pure single photon sources by droplet epitaxy on inp nanowire arrays,” ACS nano18, 5581–5589 (2024)

    work page 2024

  74. [74]

    Size-dependent optical properties of inp colloidal quantum dots,

    G. Almeida, L. van der Poll, W. H. Evers, E. Szoboszlai, S. J. V onk, F. T. Rabouw, and A. J. Houtepen, “Size-dependent optical properties of inp colloidal quantum dots,” Nano Letters23, 8697–8703 (2023)

    work page 2023

  75. [75]

    Developing the quantum-dot single-photon sources with excellent performance by coupling asymmetric microcavity,

    X. You and Y .-M. He, “Developing the quantum-dot single-photon sources with excellent performance by coupling asymmetric microcavity,” Physical Review Research7, L012016 (2025)

    work page 2025

  76. [76]

    Optical gain and stimulated emission in nanocrystal quantum dots,

    V . I. Klimov, A. Mikhailovsky, S. Xu, A. Malko, J. A. Hollingsworth, a. C. Leatherdale, H.-J. Eisler, and M. Bawendi, “Optical gain and stimulated emission in nanocrystal quantum dots,” science290, 314–317 (2000)

    work page 2000

  77. [77]

    Quantization of multiparticle auger rates in semiconductor quantum dots,

    V . I. Klimov, A. A. Mikhailovsky, D. McBranch, C. A. Leatherdale, and M. G. Bawendi, “Quantization of multiparticle auger rates in semiconductor quantum dots,” Science287, 1011–1013 (2000)

    work page 2000

  78. [78]

    Biexciton auger recombination in cdse/cds core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals,

    R. Vaxenburg, A. Rodina, E. Lifshitz, and A. L. Efros, “Biexciton auger recombination in cdse/cds core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals,” Nano letters16, 2503–2511 (2016)

    work page 2016

  79. [79]

    Enhancement of multiphoton emission from single cdse quantum dots coupled to gold films,

    S. J. LeBlanc, M. R. McClanahan, M. Jones, and P. J. Moyer, “Enhancement of multiphoton emission from single cdse quantum dots coupled to gold films,” Nano letters13, 1662–1669 (2013)

    work page 2013

  80. [80]

    Two types of luminescence blinking revealed by spectroelectrochemistry of single quantum dots,

    C. Galland, Y . Ghosh, A. Steinbrück, M. Sykora, J. A. Hollingsworth, V . I. Klimov, and H. Htoon, “Two types of luminescence blinking revealed by spectroelectrochemistry of single quantum dots,” Nature479, 203–207 (2011)

    work page 2011

Showing first 80 references.