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A possible detection of gas rotation in galaxy groups via the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect

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Tianyi Yang, Yan-Chuan Cai, Weiguang Cui, John A. Peacock, Romeel Davé, Houjun Mo, Huiyuan Wang, Xiaohu Yang

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Submitted 15 Mar 2026 · Published version

abstract compiled · 2026-10-12 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim We report a $2.3\sigma$ tentative detection of the dipolar rotational kSZ effect (rkSZ) within the virial radii of our fast-rotating groups from SDSS with an average mass of $10^{14}h^{-1} \rm M_{\odot}$ (corresponding to a null-hypothesis probability of 0.96%).

how it is stated · hedged possibility 0.79 read the record →

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arXiv ID2603.14494 (version 2)
Pith IDXHHVR6DX, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationHoujun Mo, Huiyuan Wang, John A. Peacock, Romeel Dav\'e, Tianyi Yang, Weiguang Cui, Xiaohu Yang, Yan-Chuan Cai. "A possible detection of gas rotation in galaxy groups via the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect." arXiv:2603.14494 (2026). https://pith.science/paper/XHHVR6DX
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The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-10-12: 1 request, 6,547 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.95 · human participants 0.02 · controlled comparison 0.27 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.99 · compares with prior results 0.82 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v2. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

We utilise the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (kSZ) to measure the rotation of ionised gas within galaxy groups defined in the SDSS-DR7 galaxy sample, via their dipolar imprint on the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We estimate the direction of the projected angular momentum for each of our selected fast-rotating groups by measuring the redshift dipole of satellite galaxies around their group centres. We find a clear redshift dipole in the stacked data for the selected SDSS groups. We then perform oriented stacking of the Planck CMB temperature map using the group centres and directions of angular momenta. We report a $2.3\sigma$ tentative detection of the dipolar rotational kSZ effect (rkSZ) within the virial radii of our fast-rotating groups from SDSS with an average mass of $10^{14}h^{-1} \rm M_{\odot}$ (corresponding to a null-hypothesis probability of 0.96%). We estimate the averaged rotational velocity of the sample to be $\sim 100-200 ~\rm km ~s^{-1}$, reaching a maximum value of $158.8\pm13.6 ~\rm km ~s^{-1}$. Our results are consistent within the errors with predictions based on the ELUCID constrained realisation simulation, with the predicted amplitude of the rkSZ signal being slightly lower near the centre. We also identify a systematic bias when estimating rotational velocities using the observed redshifts of galaxies, but find it to be subdominant for our analysis.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 We utilise the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (kSZ) to measure the rotation of ionised gas within galaxy groups defined in the SDSS-DR7 galaxy sample, via their dipolar imprint on the cosmic microwave background (CMB). contribution 0.51 0.94 0.06 asserted 1.00
s1 We estimate the direction of the projected angular momentum for each of our selected fast-rotating groups by measuring the redshift dipole of satellite galaxies around their group centres. method 0.99 0.96 0.03 asserted 0.99
s2 We find a clear redshift dipole in the stacked data for the selected SDSS groups. result 1.00 0.97 0.08 asserted 1.00
s3 We then perform oriented stacking of the Planck CMB temperature map using the group centres and directions of angular momenta. method 0.99 0.96 0.02 asserted 0.91
s4 We report a $2.3\sigma$ tentative detection of the dipolar rotational kSZ effect (rkSZ) within the virial radii of our fast-rotating groups from SDSS with an average mass of $10^{14}h^{-1} \rm M_{\odot}$ (corresponding to a null-hypothesis probability of 0.96%). result 1.00 0.97 0.91 hedged possibility 0.79
s5 We estimate the averaged rotational velocity of the sample to be $\sim 100-200 ~\rm km ~s^{-1}$, reaching a maximum value of $158.8\pm13.6 ~\rm km ~s^{-1}$. result 1.00 0.96 0.11 asserted 0.97
s6 Our results are consistent within the errors with predictions based on the ELUCID constrained realisation simulation, with the predicted amplitude of the rkSZ signal being slightly lower near the centre. interpretation 0.79 0.73 0.07 hedged possibility 0.88
s7 We also identify a systematic bias when estimating rotational velocities using the observed redshifts of galaxies, but find it to be subdominant for our analysis. limitation 0.96 0.95 0.02 asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: empirical study 1.00 · evidence from analysis of existing data 0.97.

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not examined
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  • references and citing sentences
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Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

We utilise the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (kSZ) to measure the rotation of ionised gas within galaxy groups defined in the SDSS-DR7 galaxy sample, via their dipolar imprint on the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We estimate the direction of the projected angular momentum for each of our selected fast-rotating groups by measuring the redshift dipole of satellite galaxies around their group centres. We find a clear redshift dipole in the stacked data for the selected SDSS groups. We then perform oriented stacking of the Planck CMB temperature map using the group centres and directions of angular momenta. We report a $2.3\sigma$ tentative detection of the dipolar rotational kSZ effect (rkSZ) within the virial radii of our fast-rotating groups from SDSS with an average mass of $10^{14}h^{-1} \rm M_{\odot}$ (corresponding to a null-hypothesis probability of 0.96%). We estimate the averaged rotational velocity of the sample to be $\sim 100-200 ~\rm km ~s^{-1}$, reaching a maximum value of $158.8\pm13.6 ~\rm km ~s^{-1}$. Our results are consistent within the errors with predictions based on the ELUCID constrained realisation simulation, with the predicted amplitude of the rkSZ signal being slightly lower near the centre. We also identify a systematic bias when estimating rotational velocities using the observed redshifts of galaxies, but find it to be subdominant for our analysis.

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