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arxiv: 2604.11313 · v1 · submitted 2026-04-13 · 🪐 quant-ph

Engineered non-Gaussian Coherence as a Thermodynamic Resource for Quantum Batteries

Kingshuk Adhikary This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-10 15:27 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🪐 quant-ph
keywords quantum batteriesnon-Gaussian statesquantum coherencethermodynamic resourcesquantum advantageunitary dynamicsGaussian chargers
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The pith

Coherence in engineered non-Gaussian states improves quantum battery performance.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper aims to establish that coherence engineered into quantum non-Gaussian states can optimize how quantum batteries charge and store energy when driven by different Gaussian charger profiles under unitary dynamics. A sympathetic reader would care because quantum batteries are proposed for efficient small-scale energy handling, and non-Gaussian features might deliver performance gains unavailable to standard Gaussian quantum states. The work integrates a known scheme for generating these states into the battery model, then shows how thermal broadening and environmental coupling to the charger can support stable operation when managed carefully. This supplies a proof-of-concept that thermodynamic resources can be drawn from coherence in such states for quantum energy storage.

Core claim

By leveraging coherence in the engineered quantum non-Gaussian states, the performance of quantum batteries is optimized for various Gaussian charger profiles under unitary dynamics. The degree of thermal broadening and environmental coupling to the charger fosters stable performance under precise thermal management. This integration provides a proof-of-concept for exploiting thermodynamic resources in quantum energy storage units.

What carries the argument

Coherence present in engineered quantum non-Gaussian states, which supplies universal quantum operations and thermodynamic enhancement beyond Gaussian states in the battery setting.

Load-bearing premise

Quantum non-Gaussian states supply thermodynamic advantages for battery charging that Gaussian states cannot achieve.

What would settle it

A numerical simulation or experiment in which a quantum battery charged by an engineered non-Gaussian state yields equal or lower energy storage metrics than the same battery charged by a Gaussian state under identical unitary dynamics and charger profile.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2604.11313 by Kingshuk Adhikary.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1. (Color online). Achieve a Fock state-based QA [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2. (Color online). (a) Bloch sphere representation of the state of qubit battery evolution under different charger profiles, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3. (Color online). The maximum ergotropy is measured [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_3.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Accessing quantum advantage (QA) is a legitimate task in energy harvesting devices, and it is potentially reshaping thermodynamic concepts. In this respect, the resourceful quantum non-Gaussian (QNG) states are promising candidates that precisely enable universal quantum operations to enhance thermodynamic performance with capabilities beyond what Gaussian states can achieve. We recently proposed [K. Adhikary, D. W. Moore, and R. Filip, {\em Quantum Sci. Technol.} \textbf{10}, 035048 (2025)] the QNG state generation scheme, which serves as the framework for this study and is directly integrated into the battery setting to figure out QA. By leveraging coherence in the engineered QNG states, we aim to optimize the performance of quantum batteries for various Gaussian charger profiles under unitary dynamics. We further exploit the degree of thermal broadening and environmental coupling to the charger, which is capable of fostering stable performance under precise thermal management. This study provides a proof-of-concept for exploiting thermodynamic resources in quantum energy storage units.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

0 major / 3 minor

Summary. The manuscript integrates the authors' prior QNG state generation protocol into a quantum battery charging model. It examines performance under unitary evolution for several Gaussian charger profiles, leveraging coherence in the engineered QNG states to optimize battery metrics, then incorporates thermal broadening and weak environmental coupling to the charger as a stabilizing mechanism. The argument treats QNG coherence as the resource enabling the reported optimization and presents the work as a proof-of-concept.

Significance. If the central claims hold, the work is significant for quantum thermodynamics by providing a concrete, model-based demonstration of non-Gaussian coherence as a thermodynamic resource in quantum batteries. The direct integration of the prior QNG scheme and the inclusion of realistic thermal effects strengthen the contribution, offering a pathway to assess quantum advantage in energy storage under both unitary and open-system conditions.

minor comments (3)
  1. The abstract states the goal of optimizing performance for 'various Gaussian charger profiles' but does not name the specific profiles or report the quantitative metrics (e.g., ergotropy, charging power, or efficiency) that are improved; this should be stated explicitly in the introduction or results section.
  2. In the unitary-dynamics analysis, direct side-by-side comparisons (numerical or analytic) between the QNG-charged battery and the corresponding Gaussian-state case are needed to substantiate the claimed advantage; without them the optimization claim remains qualitative.
  3. Figure captions and axis labels should explicitly indicate which charger profile (e.g., coherent-state, squeezed, or thermal) corresponds to each curve, and error bars or uncertainty estimates should be added where thermal broadening is introduced.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their positive assessment of our manuscript and for recommending minor revision. The provided summary accurately captures our integration of the prior QNG state generation protocol into the quantum battery charging framework, along with the analysis under unitary dynamics and thermal effects.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity detected

full rationale

The manuscript takes the authors' prior QNG state generation protocol as an established framework and integrates it into a new quantum-battery charging analysis under unitary evolution for multiple Gaussian charger profiles, followed by thermal-broadening and weak-coupling extensions. No equation or performance metric in the present work is shown to reduce by construction to a quantity already fitted or defined inside this paper; the battery-specific optimization, coherence exploitation, and thermal-stability claims constitute independent content built on top of the cited state-engineering method. The derivation chain therefore remains self-contained against external benchmarks and does not trigger any of the enumerated circularity patterns.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

Review limited to abstract; no explicit free parameters, axioms, or new entities are detailed in the provided text.

axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Quantum non-Gaussian states enable universal quantum operations and thermodynamic enhancements beyond Gaussian states
    Invoked in the abstract as the foundation for claiming quantum advantage in the battery setting.

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