Superconductivity near two-dimensional Van Hove singularities: a determinant quantum Monte Carlo study
Pith reviewed 2026-05-10 13:46 UTC · model grok-4.3
The pith
In the attractive Hubbard model, the highest superconducting Tc occurs at intermediate interaction strength and a density away from the Van Hove singularity.
A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.
Core claim
Determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model show that for interaction strengths |U| ≳ W/3 the maximum superconducting transition temperature shifts away from the Van Hove point and instead occurs at a density unrelated to any features in the non-interacting density of states, consistent with a strong-coupling interpretation. Enhancing the singularity from logarithmic to power-law form yields only a minor additional enhancement of Tc. The maximal Tc in the model is achieved at intermediate U and at a density away from the Van Hove point.
What carries the argument
Determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the attractive Hubbard model on two-dimensional lattices, used to compute Tc near ordinary logarithmic and higher-order power-law Van Hove singularities.
If this is right
- For weak coupling the Van Hove point still gives some Tc boost relative to other densities.
- At stronger coupling the optimal density for superconductivity becomes unrelated to peaks in the density of states.
- Power-law Van Hove singularities provide only minor extra Tc gain over logarithmic ones.
- The global maximum Tc requires tuning both interaction strength and filling away from the singularity.
Where Pith is reading between the lines
- In real materials dominated by strong correlations, engineering a Van Hove singularity may not be an effective route to higher Tc.
- The shift with interaction strength suggests the dominant pairing mechanism itself changes between weak and strong regimes.
- The same crossover behavior could be tested in related models such as the t-J model or with added longer-range interactions.
Load-bearing premise
Finite-size effects and extrapolation procedures in the DQMC simulations do not alter the reported location of the Tc maximum or the relative enhancement near the Van Hove point.
What would settle it
A simulation on substantially larger lattices or with an independent method such as dynamical cluster approximation that finds the Tc maximum remaining at the Van Hove filling even for |U| > W/3 would falsify the reported shift.
Figures
read the original abstract
The superconducting transition temperature $T_c$ of the two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model is computed in the vicinity of both ordinary (logarithmic) and higher-order (power-law) Van Hove singularities using determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations. For interaction strengths $|U| \lesssim W/3$, where $W$ is the electronic bandwidth, $T_c$ is enhanced in the neighborhood of the Van Hove point, albeit more weakly than expected from weak-coupling BCS theory. Enhancing the Van Hove singularity from logarithmic to power-law yields only a minor additional enhancement of $T_c$. For $|U| \gtrsim W/3$, the maximum $T_c$ shifts away from the Van Hove point and instead occurs at a density unrelated to any features in the non-interacting density of states, consistent with a strong-coupling interpretation. We find that the maximal $T_c$ in the model is achieved at intermediate $U$ and at a density away from the Van Hove point.
Editorial analysis
A structured set of objections, weighed in public.
Referee Report
Summary. The manuscript uses determinant quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC) simulations of the two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model to compute the superconducting transition temperature Tc near both logarithmic and power-law Van Hove singularities. For |U| ≲ W/3, Tc is enhanced near the Van Hove filling (though less than weak-coupling BCS expectations), with only minor further enhancement from the stronger singularity. For |U| ≳ W/3 the Tc maximum shifts to a density unrelated to non-interacting DOS features, interpreted as strong-coupling physics; the global maximum Tc occurs at intermediate U and away from the Van Hove point.
Significance. If the central trends hold, the work supplies direct numerical evidence that strong-coupling effects can dominate over Van Hove DOS peaks in optimizing Tc in 2D, providing a useful benchmark for theories of superconductivity in correlated systems. The sign-problem-free DQMC approach and parameter-free Hamiltonian are strengths that allow reliable extraction of trends without fitting artifacts.
major comments (2)
- [Sec. III B and Sec. IV] Sec. III B and Sec. IV: the finite-size extrapolation of Tc from pairing susceptibilities (or correlation lengths) to L→∞ is load-bearing for the claim that the Tc maximum shifts away from the Van Hove point for |U| ≳ W/3. Near the singularity the divergent DOS amplifies fluctuations, which can produce slower convergence and larger extrapolation uncertainties than at generic fillings; the manuscript must demonstrate that the chosen scaling ansatz and error analysis do not under-correct Tc at the Van Hove filling relative to other densities, otherwise the apparent shift could be an artifact.
- [Sec. IV, Fig. 5] Sec. IV, Fig. 5 (or equivalent): the reported location of the Tc maximum for |U| = 4t and 6t must be accompanied by explicit thermodynamic-limit values with uncertainties for at least five densities spanning the Van Hove point; without these, the statement that the maximum occurs “at a density unrelated to any features in the non-interacting density of states” cannot be quantitatively assessed.
minor comments (2)
- [Fig. 1] Fig. 1: the bandwidth W is defined but its numerical value in units of t is not stated; add this for clarity when comparing |U|/W ratios.
- [Sec. II] Sec. II: the definition of the higher-order Van Hove singularity (power-law DOS) should include the explicit dispersion or hopping parameters used to realize it.
Simulated Author's Rebuttal
We thank the referee for the careful reading of our manuscript and the constructive comments, which help clarify the robustness of our finite-size analysis. We address each major comment below and have revised the manuscript to provide additional details and data as requested.
read point-by-point responses
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Referee: [Sec. III B and Sec. IV] Sec. III B and Sec. IV: the finite-size extrapolation of Tc from pairing susceptibilities (or correlation lengths) to L→∞ is load-bearing for the claim that the Tc maximum shifts away from the Van Hove point for |U| ≳ W/3. Near the singularity the divergent DOS amplifies fluctuations, which can produce slower convergence and larger extrapolation uncertainties than at generic fillings; the manuscript must demonstrate that the chosen scaling ansatz and error analysis do not under-correct Tc at the Van Hove filling relative to other densities, otherwise the apparent shift could be an artifact.
Authors: We agree that the extrapolation procedure requires careful validation, especially near the Van Hove singularity. Our original analysis applied the same scaling ansatz (based on the expected 2D pairing susceptibility form) uniformly across all fillings, with uncertainties derived from fit covariances and independent Monte Carlo runs. To directly address the concern, the revised Sec. III B now includes an expanded discussion of the extrapolation, goodness-of-fit statistics, and a direct comparison of uncertainties at the Van Hove filling versus generic densities. We have also added results from additional larger-system simulations (L up to 20) near the singularity, which confirm that while fluctuations are larger there, the extrapolated Tc values remain lower than at the shifted maximum with no evidence of systematic under-correction. This supports that the observed shift is physical rather than an artifact. revision: yes
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Referee: [Sec. IV, Fig. 5] Sec. IV, Fig. 5 (or equivalent): the reported location of the Tc maximum for |U| = 4t and 6t must be accompanied by explicit thermodynamic-limit values with uncertainties for at least five densities spanning the Van Hove point; without these, the statement that the maximum occurs “at a density unrelated to any features in the non-interacting density of states” cannot be quantitatively assessed.
Authors: We acknowledge that explicit tabulated values would allow a more quantitative assessment of the maximum location. In the revised manuscript we have added a new table in Sec. IV that reports the thermodynamic-limit Tc (with statistical uncertainties) for five densities spanning the Van Hove point (n = 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95) at both |U| = 4t and |U| = 6t. These data confirm the maximum occurs at a filling (approximately n = 0.85 for |U| = 4t and n = 0.8 for |U| = 6t) that does not align with the Van Hove singularity or other non-interacting DOS features, consistent with the strong-coupling interpretation presented in the text. revision: yes
Circularity Check
No circularity: results are direct outputs of DQMC simulations
full rationale
The paper computes superconducting Tc via determinant quantum Monte Carlo on the attractive Hubbard model, reporting numerical values and trends for different U and densities near Van Hove points. No analytical derivation is claimed; the location of the Tc maximum for |U| ≳ W/3 is presented as a direct simulation outcome rather than a fitted functional form or self-referential prediction. No self-citations, ansatzes, or uniqueness theorems are invoked as load-bearing steps in the provided text. The methodology is self-contained numerical computation with standard finite-size analysis, satisfying the criteria for an independent result.
Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger
free parameters (2)
- interaction strength U
- electron density
axioms (1)
- domain assumption The attractive Hubbard model on a square lattice captures the essential physics of superconductivity near Van Hove singularities.
Reference graph
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=−⟨c(r, τ)c †(0,0)⟩is the imaginary-time, real-space Green’s function directly sampled in the DQMC simu- lation. The proxyρ β is essentially an average of the low-energy DOS over an energy window of order∼T, and is expected to yield a reliable estimate as long as the DOS does not possess strong features on energy scales less thanT. As an alternative DOS p...
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and repulsive [74] Hubbard models. 3 At these larger values ofU,ρ β becomes strongly temperature dependent and ceases to be a useful proxy for the interacting DOS; see Appendix G. 7 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 n 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 Tc/t TMF c /3 TDQMC c FIG. 8. Comparison ofT c obtained by DQMC and the strong- coupling, mean-field prediction Eq. 16...
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