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arxiv: 2604.23845 · v1 · submitted 2026-04-26 · ✦ hep-th

Recognition: unknown

Rotating End of the World

Kyung Kiu Kim , Hawjin Eom , Jung Hun Lee , Yunseok Seo
Authors on Pith no claims yet

Pith reviewed 2026-05-08 05:45 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-th
keywords end of the world branesrotating BTZ black holeJackiw-Teitelboim gravitySYK dualityboundary conformal field theoryholographic entropyinterior structureblack hole thermodynamics
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The pith

Dynamical end-of-world branes in rotating BTZ black holes permit interior transitions despite identical exteriors.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper maps the induced metric on dynamical end-of-world branes in rotating BTZ to an effective Jackiw-Teitelboim system. This mapping yields the first law of thermodynamics for the boundary conformal field theory that includes boundary degrees of freedom, obtained through black hole chemistry and the JT-SYK duality. Shadow entropy is shown to equal boundary entropy when computed via HRT surfaces. For two interior brane arrangements, single-joint and double-joint, that share the same exterior geometry, direct energy comparison indicates that a transition can occur inside the horizon.

Core claim

The central claim is that dynamical EoW branes in the rotating BTZ admit an effective JT description from their induced metric, which produces the first law for the BCFT including boundary degrees of freedom. The paper verifies that shadow entropy coincides with boundary entropy through HRT surfaces. Two representative interior configurations, single-joint and double-joint EoW branes, share identical exterior brane profiles yet possess different energies, allowing an energetically favored transition to occur within the horizon.

What carries the argument

The mapping of the brane induced metric to an effective Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity system that supports thermodynamic relations and SYK duality for the rotating BTZ case.

If this is right

  • The first law of thermodynamics for the BCFT holds with explicit boundary degrees of freedom contributions.
  • Shadow entropy equals boundary entropy when evaluated with HRT surfaces.
  • Single-joint and double-joint EoW branes that match outside the horizon can differ in energy inside the horizon.
  • The JT-SYK framework applies directly to thermodynamics of these dynamical branes in rotating geometries.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Boundary observables remain unchanged under certain interior brane rearrangements in rotating black holes.
  • The same energy-comparison logic could be applied to non-rotating BTZ or to higher-dimensional rotating black holes with dynamical branes.
  • Interior transitions of this type may constrain models of black hole interiors that rely on fixed brane configurations.

Load-bearing premise

The induced metric on the dynamical EoW branes can be mapped to an effective JT system that permits use of JT thermodynamics and SYK duality for the rotating BTZ case.

What would settle it

An explicit calculation of the energies for the single-joint and double-joint configurations at fixed exterior data and rotation parameter that shows the energies are always equal or that the lower-energy state is always the single-joint one would disprove the possibility of an interior transition.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2604.23845 by Hawjin Eom, Jung Hun Lee, Kyung Kiu Kim, Yunseok Seo.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Rotating EoW branes(Left) and CFT dual(Right): The CFT dual carries a momentum flux T tϕ along the angle coordinate. To make the system stationary, it should source and sink the flux at A and C, respectively. The left figure shows the EoW branes touch A and C simultaneously, thereby truncating the gray region. By the rigid rotation, the red and blue branes are creating (paving) and annihilating (removing) … view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: A gravity dual to BCFT: This is a cartoon of the BTZ black hole and two EoW branes at t = 0. The black region denotes the interior part of the BTZ black hole. Two red curves show the EoW brane locations. The spatial volume of the BCFT is given by V = L∆ϕ. The solid gray lines near the horizon depict the BCFT bulk entropy. On the other hand, the dashed lines denote the shadow entropy generated by the EoW br… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Minimal surfaces and a EoW brane at T = 0: The red curve denotes an EoW brane, and the gray-dashed curve depicts a constant φ line. The blue curves are minimal surfaces, whose tips lie on the dashed curve. Thus, the boundary entropy is given by the lengths of the blue curves between the EoW brane and the dashed line. These lengths are indeed all equal, so the shadow entropy, given by the length from the da… view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Two identical EoW branes in the BTZ black hole at t˜= 0: We set z+ = 1, z− = 2, and σ = 0.5(Left), 0.9(Middle, Right). The red curves and blue dots denote the EoW branes and the joints. The lower figures show the upper configurations in the polar coordinates defined by (ϕ, e−z/2 ). Two EoW branes in the first and second column figures meet at the blue dots outside the inner horizon (Dashed curve). The thir… view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: An exmaple of double-joint EoW brane . show a definite configuration even inside the horizon. We try to clarify this issue and suggest candidates for the interior configuration in this section. In our previous work [19], we addressed this issue for the non-rotating black hole using only the intersection scale of the interior brane configuration. Now, we will develop such a discussion on a more physical gro… view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Overlapped two interior configurations(Left): We set z+ = 1 and z− = 4. The red curve and the blue dot EJ describe a single-joint configuration. On the other hand, a double-joint configuration consists of two lower blue dots (EL and ER), the green segment, and two red segments from φL and φR to the boundary (z = 0). EoW brane pinched by the horizon(Right): The gray region denotes the truncated spacetime. T… view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Significant changes of the EoW branes inside the black hole: We choose ∆ϕ = π and σ = 0.6. A denotes the region where the EoW brane comes out completely outside of the horizon. B is the region that allows only the single-joint EoW brane. In contrast, both single and double-joint configurations can exist in C and D. The energy of the single-joint configuration is smaller than that of the double-joint one in… view at source ↗
read the original abstract

We study the thermodynamics and interior structures of dynamical end of the world (EoW) branes in the rotating BTZ black hole. By mapping the induced metric of the branes to an effective Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) system, we derive the first law of thermodynamics for the boundary conformal field theory (BCFT), incorporating boundary degrees of freedom. To construct this thermodynamics, we adopt two frameworks of black hole chemistry and the duality between the JT black hole and the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model. In addition, we verify that the shadow entropy is equivalent to the boundary entropy via Hubeny-Ryu-Takayanagi (HRT) surfaces. Furthermore, we explore the possible interior configurations of the EoW brane inside the horizon. Two representative configurations, namely single and double-joint EoW branes, are considered. These disparate configurations share the same exterior brane configuration outside the horizon. By comparing their energies, we show that a transition could occur within the horizon.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The paper studies thermodynamics and interior structures of dynamical end-of-the-world (EoW) branes in rotating BTZ black holes. It maps the induced metric of the branes to an effective JT gravity system, derives the first law of thermodynamics for the boundary CFT (incorporating boundary degrees of freedom) via black hole chemistry and JT-SYK duality, verifies that shadow entropy equals boundary entropy using HRT surfaces, and argues that single- and double-joint EoW brane configurations sharing the same exterior can undergo a transition inside the horizon by comparing their energies.

Significance. If the mapping from rotating BTZ brane metrics to JT thermodynamics is valid and the energies are correctly obtained, the result would extend EoW brane studies to rotating cases, offering insights into interior black-hole dynamics and possible holographic phase transitions. The HRT verification and use of JT-SYK duality provide concrete checks that strengthen the boundary-bulk connection. The work is technically ambitious but its impact hinges on whether angular momentum is properly retained in the effective 2D description.

major comments (2)
  1. [thermodynamics construction / abstract] Abstract and thermodynamics construction: the mapping of the induced metric (including g_{tφ} cross terms from nonzero J or r_- in rotating BTZ) to an effective JT system is not shown to preserve an independent rotational contribution. Standard JT gravity is a 2D dilaton theory without a U(1) for angular momentum, and its SYK dual is 0+1D; if the mapping gauges away or omits the rotational piece while still invoking JT thermodynamics for the first law and energies, the subsequent energy comparison between single- and double-joint interior configurations is not reliable.
  2. [interior configurations] Section on interior configurations and energy comparison: the claim that a transition can occur inside the horizon rests on energies extracted from the JT-SYK framework after the mapping. Because the rotating BTZ metric induces cross terms that standard JT does not independently carry, the energy difference between the two brane configurations (which share the same exterior) may be miscomputed; an explicit check that the first law and boundary entropy remain consistent with nonzero J is required for the transition conclusion to hold.
minor comments (2)
  1. [abstract] The abstract asserts derivations of the first law, entropy equivalence, and energy comparisons but does not display the key equations or steps; the main text should include them (e.g., the explicit form of the first law after mapping) to permit direct verification.
  2. [thermodynamics construction] Notation for the effective JT parameters (dilaton, temperature, etc.) after the brane mapping should be defined once and used consistently when comparing energies of the single- versus double-joint configurations.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the thorough review and valuable comments on our work concerning dynamical EoW branes in rotating BTZ black holes. The concerns about the mapping to JT gravity and the reliability of the interior energy comparisons are well taken. We address each major comment below and outline the revisions that will be made to clarify the treatment of angular momentum.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: Abstract and thermodynamics construction: the mapping of the induced metric (including g_{tφ} cross terms from nonzero J or r_- in rotating BTZ) to an effective JT system is not shown to preserve an independent rotational contribution. Standard JT gravity is a 2D dilaton theory without a U(1) for angular momentum, and its SYK dual is 0+1D; if the mapping gauges away or omits the rotational piece while still invoking JT thermodynamics for the first law and energies, the subsequent energy comparison between single- and double-joint interior configurations is not reliable.

    Authors: We agree that the manuscript would benefit from a more explicit derivation showing how the cross terms are handled. In the revised version we will add a dedicated subsection deriving the effective JT action from the induced metric on the brane. This derivation will demonstrate that the rotational contribution is retained by identifying the effective temperature and chemical potential of the JT black hole with the rotating BTZ parameters (r+, r-), so that J enters the first law through black-hole chemistry as a conjugate variable. The JT-SYK duality is then applied with the corresponding boundary conditions that encode the nonzero angular momentum. We will also present explicit checks confirming that the first law and boundary entropy remain consistent for J ≠ 0. revision: yes

  2. Referee: Section on interior configurations and energy comparison: the claim that a transition can occur inside the horizon rests on energies extracted from the JT-SYK framework after the mapping. Because the rotating BTZ metric induces cross terms that standard JT does not independently carry, the energy difference between the two brane configurations (which share the same exterior) may be miscomputed; an explicit check that the first law and boundary entropy remain consistent with nonzero J is required for the transition conclusion to hold.

    Authors: We acknowledge that the energy comparison relies on the validity of the mapping for each interior configuration. Because the two configurations share identical exterior data (including the same J), their energy difference arises only from the distinct interior geometries, each of which is mapped separately to its own effective JT system. In the revision we will supply the requested explicit verification: we will recompute the first law including the rotational term for both the single- and double-joint cases and confirm that the boundary entropy obtained from the JT-SYK side matches the shadow entropy computed via HRT surfaces when J is nonzero. These additions will substantiate the possibility of an interior transition. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; derivation applies established JT-SYK and black-hole-chemistry frameworks to new brane configurations without self-referential reduction.

full rationale

The paper maps the induced metric on dynamical EoW branes to an effective JT system, adopts the standard JT-SYK duality and black-hole-chemistry first law to obtain thermodynamics for the BCFT, verifies shadow entropy equivalence via HRT surfaces, and then compares energies of single- versus double-joint interior configurations that share the same exterior. None of these steps reduce by construction to a fitted parameter, self-definition, or a load-bearing self-citation whose content is itself unverified. The central energy comparison is an independent application of the derived thermodynamics rather than a tautology or renaming of inputs.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 3 axioms · 0 invented entities

Review based on abstract only; full text unavailable so ledger is incomplete. Paper relies on standard AdS/CFT and JT gravity assumptions without specifying free parameters or new entities.

axioms (3)
  • domain assumption Induced metric on dynamical EoW branes maps to effective JT system
    Central step for deriving BCFT thermodynamics in rotating BTZ
  • domain assumption JT black hole dual to SYK model
    Used to construct the thermodynamics framework
  • standard math HRT surfaces compute shadow entropy equivalently to boundary entropy
    Invoked for entropy verification

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5477 in / 1400 out tokens · 56529 ms · 2026-05-08T05:45:18.696998+00:00 · methodology

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Reference graph

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