Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models | Paper Citation Record

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This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 1

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This paper cites Listen, think, and understand.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Listen, think, and understand

Reference 2

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This paper cites Joint audio and speech understanding.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Joint audio and speech understanding

Reference 3

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This paper cites BLSP: Bootstrapping Language-Speech Pre-training via Behavior Alignment of Continuation Writing.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models BLSP: Bootstrapping Language-Speech Pre-training via Behavior Alignment of Continuation Writing

Reference 4

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This paper cites Audiochatllama: Towards general-purpose speech abilities for llms.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Audiochatllama: Towards general-purpose speech abilities for llms

Reference 5

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This paper cites Speech-copilot: Leveraging large language models for speech process- ing via task decomposition, modularization, and program generation.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Speech-copilot: Leveraging large language models for speech process- ing via task decomposition, modularization, and program generation

Reference 6

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This paper cites Speechprompt: Prompting speech language models for speech processing tasks.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Speechprompt: Prompting speech language models for speech processing tasks

Reference 7

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Observation 7d2eb1f3-0697-45a1-afd7-693867e83eed · outbound

This paper cites Blsp-emo: Towards empathetic large speech-language models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Blsp-emo: Towards empathetic large speech-language models

Reference 8

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This paper cites Audio flamingo 3: Advancing audio intelligence with fully open large audio language models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Audio flamingo 3: Advancing audio intelligence with fully open large audio language models

Reference 9

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This paper cites Voxtral.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Voxtral

Reference 10

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Observation 9673a38e-34e7-449c-974a-e97960b868f8 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5-Omni Technical Report.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Qwen2.5-Omni Technical Report

Reference 11

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Observation 7ecd962a-b249-4b20-9e00-962d7e7a1171 · outbound

This paper cites Building a Taiwanese Mandarin Spoken Language Model: A First Attempt.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Building a Taiwanese Mandarin Spoken Language Model: A First Attempt

Reference 12

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Observation 617b4a92-2d87-4919-9e3e-eef9e907b787 · outbound

This paper cites Teaching audio-aware large language mod- els what does not hear: Mitigating hallucinations through synthesized negative samples.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Teaching audio-aware large language mod- els what does not hear: Mitigating hallucinations through synthesized negative samples

Reference 13

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Observation 798bb727-acef-423b-b303-30854677bdbb · outbound

This paper cites From alignment to advancement: Bootstrapping audio-language alignment with synthetic data.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models From alignment to advancement: Bootstrapping audio-language alignment with synthetic data

Reference 14

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Observation f4a26c85-cd0f-49d7-ab4e-e064337ae55c · outbound

This paper cites Recent advances in discrete speech tokens: A review.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Recent advances in discrete speech tokens: A review

Reference 15

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This paper cites Towards audio language modeling -- an overview.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Towards audio language modeling -- an overview

Reference 16

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This paper cites Discrete audio tokens: More than a survey!.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Discrete audio tokens: More than a survey!

Reference 17

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This paper cites Recent advances in speech language models: A survey.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Recent advances in speech language models: A survey

Reference 18

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Observation 9c6db1d4-802a-4a41-9480-0b5c1a935081 · outbound

This paper cites A survey on speech large language models for understanding.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models A survey on speech large language models for understanding

Reference 19

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Observation e8014a72-e25e-48c7-9938-bfde1e7c5e27 · outbound

This paper cites WavChat: A Survey of Spoken Dialogue Models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models WavChat: A Survey of Spoken Dialogue Models

Reference 20

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This paper cites Phi-4-Mini Technical Report: Compact yet Powerful Multimodal Language Models via Mixture-of-LoRAs.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Phi-4-Mini Technical Report: Compact yet Powerful Multimodal Language Models via Mixture-of-LoRAs

Reference 21

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This paper cites Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities

Reference 22

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This paper cites On the landscape of spoken language models: A comprehensive survey.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models On the landscape of spoken language models: A comprehensive survey

Reference 23

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This paper cites Audio flamingo 2: An audio-language model with long-audio understanding and expert reasoning abilities.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Audio flamingo 2: An audio-language model with long-audio understanding and expert reasoning abilities

Reference 24

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Observation 5f68f27a-f387-49c2-88a3-5f48aef41324 · outbound

This paper cites TiCo: Time-Controllable Spoken Dialogue Model.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models TiCo: Time-Controllable Spoken Dialogue Model

Reference 25

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This paper cites Mmau: A massive multi- task audio understanding and reasoning benchmark.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Mmau: A massive multi- task audio understanding and reasoning benchmark

Reference 26

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This paper cites MMAR: A Challenging Benchmark for Deep Reasoning in Speech, Audio, Music, and Their Mix.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models MMAR: A Challenging Benchmark for Deep Reasoning in Speech, Audio, Music, and Their Mix

Reference 27

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This paper cites MMAU-Pro: A Challenging and Comprehensive Benchmark for Holistic Evaluation of Audio General Intelligence.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models MMAU-Pro: A Challenging and Comprehensive Benchmark for Holistic Evaluation of Audio General Intelligence

Reference 28

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Observation 6a6f05de-885c-46e1-a53d-a1c5eeac4aa8 · outbound

This paper cites MMSU: A Massive Multi-task Spoken Language Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models MMSU: A Massive Multi-task Spoken Language Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark

Reference 29

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This paper cites Sakura: On the multi-hop reasoning of large audio-language models based on speech and audio information.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Sakura: On the multi-hop reasoning of large audio-language models based on speech and audio information

Reference 30

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This paper cites Understanding sounds, missing the questions: The challenge of object hallucination in large audio-language models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Understanding sounds, missing the questions: The challenge of object hallucination in large audio-language models

Reference 31

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Observation 2eb5e03a-2ee1-4457-b063-1a9b9756631c · outbound

This paper cites Can large audio-language models truly hear? tackling hallucinations with multi-task assessment and stepwise audio reasoning.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Can large audio-language models truly hear? tackling hallucinations with multi-task assessment and stepwise audio reasoning

Reference 32

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This paper cites Dynamic-superb: Towards a dynamic, collaborative, and compre- hensive instruction-tuning benchmark for speech.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Dynamic-superb: Towards a dynamic, collaborative, and compre- hensive instruction-tuning benchmark for speech

Reference 33

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This paper cites Dynamic- superb phase-2: A collaboratively expanding benchmark for measuring the capabilities of spoken language models with 180 tasks.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Dynamic- superb phase-2: A collaboratively expanding benchmark for measuring the capabilities of spoken language models with 180 tasks

Reference 34

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This paper cites Listen and speak fairly: a study on semantic gender bias in speech integrated large language models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Listen and speak fairly: a study on semantic gender bias in speech integrated large language models

Reference 35

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Observation de9baca7-70ff-4304-86e4-de7c6bc0bbab · outbound

This paper cites Spoken stereoset: on evaluating social bias toward speaker in speech large language models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Spoken stereoset: on evaluating social bias toward speaker in speech large language models

Reference 36

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Observation bf4fee46-deda-4ece-ac65-8773f392e8ea · outbound

This paper cites Av-superb: A multi- task evaluation benchmark for audio-visual representation models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Av-superb: A multi- task evaluation benchmark for audio-visual representation models

Reference 37

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This paper cites Beyond single-audio: Advancing multi-audio processing in audio large language models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Beyond single-audio: Advancing multi-audio processing in audio large language models

Reference 38

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Observation 4f29760f-c301-4d30-a950-8e5a816d477b · outbound

This paper cites Audiomarathon: A comprehensive benchmark for long-context audio understanding and efficiency in audio llms.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Audiomarathon: A comprehensive benchmark for long-context audio understanding and efficiency in audio llms

Reference 39

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Observation 80b5c9be-de42-47e1-b854-77a0f07a1ecd · outbound

This paper cites Speech-ifeval: Evaluating instruction-following and quantifying catastrophic forgetting in speech- aware language models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Speech-ifeval: Evaluating instruction-following and quantifying catastrophic forgetting in speech- aware language models

Reference 40

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Observation a74ba727-e03f-42d1-a4b3-ce8ce35bf26d · outbound

This paper cites Evaluation of LLMs in Speech is Often Flawed: Test Set Contamination in Large Language Models for Speech Recognition.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Evaluation of LLMs in Speech is Often Flawed: Test Set Contamination in Large Language Models for Speech Recognition

Reference 41

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Observation 88b25f30-060f-4b24-80d9-a49ff7705dd0 · outbound

This paper cites Paras2s: Benchmarking and aligning spoken language models for paralinguistic- aware speech-to-speech interaction.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Paras2s: Benchmarking and aligning spoken language models for paralinguistic- aware speech-to-speech interaction

Reference 42

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T00:41:26.401458Z

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Observation 965ba637-0f9f-46c7-8ffb-aaf5cf4dc5b3 · outbound

This paper cites Mos-bias: From hidden gen- der bias to gender-aware speech quality assessment.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Mos-bias: From hidden gen- der bias to gender-aware speech quality assessment

Reference 43

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T00:41:26.329799Z

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Observation 96a56b04-9af5-42fe-a154-d735be634997 · outbound

This paper cites Aqua-bench: Beyond finding answers to knowing when there are none in audio question answering.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Aqua-bench: Beyond finding answers to knowing when there are none in audio question answering

Reference 44

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T04:23:32.753371Z

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Observation 2fbaab75-28ee-467e-ac7d-8e002936ec64 · outbound

This paper cites Aqascore: Evaluating seman- tic alignment in text-to-audio generation via audio question answering.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Aqascore: Evaluating seman- tic alignment in text-to-audio generation via audio question answering

Reference 45

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Observation 478c79b7-ac60-4a61-89b1-d390327a418c · outbound

This paper cites Causal tracing of audio-text fusion in large audio language models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Causal tracing of audio-text fusion in large audio language models

Reference 46

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T00:41:26.376407Z

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Observation c5444331-0f7d-431a-bddd-a69fc3d52fd2 · outbound

This paper cites Membership Inference Attacks against Large Audio Language Models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Membership Inference Attacks against Large Audio Language Models

Reference 47

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Observation 9b9da01c-1ddf-442c-b74c-568438344da6 · outbound

This paper cites Echomind: An interrelated multi-level benchmark for evaluating empathetic speech language models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Echomind: An interrelated multi-level benchmark for evaluating empathetic speech language models

Reference 48

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Observation 4fd2e84f-14d4-442d-833b-b350483a82dd · outbound

This paper cites How contrastive decoding enhances large audio language models?.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models How contrastive decoding enhances large audio language models?

Reference 49

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Observation 6a11c11d-2bed-445d-b96b-f711c975ae13 · outbound

This paper cites TaigiSpeech: A Low-Resource Real-World Speech Intent Dataset and Preliminary Results with Scalable Data Mining In-the-Wild.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models TaigiSpeech: A Low-Resource Real-World Speech Intent Dataset and Preliminary Results with Scalable Data Mining In-the-Wild

Reference 50

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Observation 1852f61b-8335-4de2-8238-0794a11c2b5c · outbound

This paper cites VIBE: Voice-Induced open-ended Bias Evaluation for Large Audio-Language Models via Real-World Speech.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models VIBE: Voice-Induced open-ended Bias Evaluation for Large Audio-Language Models via Real-World Speech

Reference 51

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Observation 7b28180b-6eeb-4acd-969b-72bd335d95e9 · outbound

This paper cites Game-time: Evaluating temporal dynamics in spoken language models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Game-time: Evaluating temporal dynamics in spoken language models

Reference 52

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Observation 1339f14f-dbf3-44ff-9ce5-9e67c8428a6e · outbound

This paper cites Aha: Aligning large audio-language models for reasoning hallucinations via counterfactual hard negatives.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Aha: Aligning large audio-language models for reasoning hallucinations via counterfactual hard negatives

Reference 53

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Observation 01f1f085-9d09-4be0-95b0-2b1773ba824e · outbound

This paper cites HalluAudio: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Hallucination Detection in Large Audio-Language Models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models HalluAudio: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Hallucination Detection in Large Audio-Language Models

Reference 54

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Observation b95cae0e-99ca-48a7-b586-8cc079588481 · outbound

This paper cites Audiotrust: Benchmarking the multifaceted trustworthiness of audio large language models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Audiotrust: Benchmarking the multifaceted trustworthiness of audio large language models

Reference 55

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Observation a476ef6f-6c82-4bc4-8a3d-41e222a3d059 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring audio’s impact on correctness: Audio-contribution-aware post-training of large audio language models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Measuring audio’s impact on correctness: Audio-contribution-aware post-training of large audio language models

Reference 56

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Observation 04946bf8-8db3-4663-b1e5-d8ad32ae10fb · outbound

This paper cites A Baseline for Detecting Misclassified and Out-of-Distribution Examples in Neural Networks.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models A Baseline for Detecting Misclassified and Out-of-Distribution Examples in Neural Networks

Reference 57

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Observation e9b22d5a-fb70-494c-a8c0-a0558dacfe3a · outbound

This paper cites Can you trust your model’s uncertainty? evaluating predictive uncertainty under dataset shift.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Can you trust your model’s uncertainty? evaluating predictive uncertainty under dataset shift

Reference 58

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Observation c3316c0a-5739-4f24-a603-850ce2b39491 · outbound

This paper cites Calibration of pre-trained transformers.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Calibration of pre-trained transformers

Reference 59

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Observation 4b2d4a92-62be-4a2c-b808-ae570bdbc654 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gopher.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gopher

Reference 60

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Observation 64b38bb4-4f8f-4835-a2df-e2c179aeec8f · outbound

This paper cites How can we know when language models know? on the calibration of language models for ques- tion answering.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models How can we know when language models know? on the calibration of language models for ques- tion answering

Reference 61

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Observation 4dec203d-36a1-469e-b736-ded8835b0fa9 · outbound

This paper cites Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know

Reference 62

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Observation d40632c2-0567-41dd-bc57-21b56d549fb0 · outbound

This paper cites Reducing conversational agents’ overconfidence through linguistic calibration.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Reducing conversational agents’ overconfidence through linguistic calibration

Reference 63

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T04:23:32.759068Z

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Observation 5295a13d-f08f-46aa-a99c-35f158798eb3 · outbound

This paper cites Beyond the imitation game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Beyond the imitation game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models

Reference 64

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T04:23:32.764932Z

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Observation 6df076e2-86ad-419b-9926-a01b36492caf · outbound

This paper cites Semantic uncertainty: Linguistic invariances for uncertainty estimation in natural language generation.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Semantic uncertainty: Linguistic invariances for uncertainty estimation in natural language generation

Reference 65

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Observation 7ea998fd-df88-4894-878e-1f0bcaac20e2 · outbound

This paper cites Detecting hallucinations in large language models using semantic entropy.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Detecting hallucinations in large language models using semantic entropy

Reference 66

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Observation 4a302e89-2b3e-4793-aeb0-7208d213005d · outbound

This paper cites Kernel language entropy: Fine-grained uncertainty quantification for llms from semantic similarities.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Kernel language entropy: Fine-grained uncertainty quantification for llms from semantic similarities

Reference 67

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Observation a9931b1c-6a2f-4bc8-8203-cfdf8bf2a544 · outbound

This paper cites Beyond semantic entropy: Boosting llm uncertainty quantification with pairwise semantic similarity.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Beyond semantic entropy: Boosting llm uncertainty quantification with pairwise semantic similarity

Reference 68

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T04:23:32.840199Z

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Observation d46d6f9e-1369-4ff6-8edd-39d82380c59e · outbound

This paper cites Self-consistency improves chain of thought reasoning in language models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Self-consistency improves chain of thought reasoning in language models

Reference 69

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Observation 63757525-db87-4f19-94c9-86b998c1e4ff · outbound

This paper cites On the calibration of large language models and alignment.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models On the calibration of large language models and alignment

Reference 70

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Observation 4fd97f8f-4126-4a6d-b0ad-79700c2f02de · outbound

This paper cites On calibration of modern neural networks.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models On calibration of modern neural networks

Reference 71

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T04:23:32.813046Z

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Observation c8fdfe0a-8b32-4f5b-81df-13eac91926bd · outbound

This paper cites Teaching Models to Express Their Uncertainty in Words.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Teaching Models to Express Their Uncertainty in Words

Reference 72

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-16T17:36:08.649609Z

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Observation e2cb5573-e8e5-473a-9b09-4c6dbe3bd984 · outbound

This paper cites Do large language models know what they don’t know?.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Do large language models know what they don’t know?

Reference 73

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T04:23:32.863332Z

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Observation 6b4482ea-2175-466f-b606-e9f6b71c4254 · outbound

This paper cites Uncertainty Quantification of Large Language Models through Multi-Dimensional Responses.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Uncertainty Quantification of Large Language Models through Multi-Dimensional Responses

Reference 74

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T00:41:26.498733Z

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Observation 2bbc881b-0296-4ee9-b474-8bf5a3dfe955 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey of Uncertainty Estimation in LLMs: Theory Meets Practice.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models A Survey of Uncertainty Estimation in LLMs: Theory Meets Practice

Reference 75

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T00:41:26.338831Z

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Observation bc9dbb73-1cb5-43e8-b137-6dd6f437cfaa · outbound

This paper cites Uncertainty in Natural Language Processing: Sources, Quantification, and Applications.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Uncertainty in Natural Language Processing: Sources, Quantification, and Applications

Reference 76

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T00:41:26.342918Z

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Observation b890f583-7276-4219-ab93-208c5fdfa659 · outbound

This paper cites A survey of uncertainty estimation methods on large language models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models A survey of uncertainty estimation methods on large language models

Reference 77

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Observation d127b1ff-b9e0-411d-8f77-ff245cdc9d7f · outbound

This paper cites Rethinking Uncertainty Estimation in LLMs: A Principled Single-Sequence Measure.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Rethinking Uncertainty Estimation in LLMs: A Principled Single-Sequence Measure

Reference 78

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Observation 40b4c59d-42a6-46d5-a2f3-85242df039df · outbound

This paper cites SEED-GRPO: Semantic Entropy Enhanced GRPO for Uncertainty-Aware Policy Optimization.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models SEED-GRPO: Semantic Entropy Enhanced GRPO for Uncertainty-Aware Policy Optimization

Reference 79

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T00:41:26.300159Z

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Observation 6974d774-2f4e-4717-b400-e3ec63f500ea · outbound

This paper cites FrugalGPT: How to Use Large Language Models While Reducing Cost and Improving Performance.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models FrugalGPT: How to Use Large Language Models While Reducing Cost and Improving Performance

Reference 80

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-12T00:41:26.317005Z

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Observation 50d98c08-2a46-4f73-bf8c-d7461116f7db · outbound

This paper cites AutoMix: Automatically Mixing Language Models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models AutoMix: Automatically Mixing Language Models

Reference 81

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T00:41:26.346764Z

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Observation dd003406-8bfd-451b-811a-66fb74096ad6 · outbound

This paper cites Leveraging Uncertainty Estimation for Efficient LLM Routing.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Leveraging Uncertainty Estimation for Efficient LLM Routing

Reference 82

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T00:41:26.414597Z

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Observation b021f907-c83d-45e9-9f5f-0b492a3d9bd0 · outbound

This paper cites Dynamic Model Routing and Cascading for Efficient LLM Inference: A Survey.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Dynamic Model Routing and Cascading for Efficient LLM Inference: A Survey

Reference 83

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Observation 175ca406-d890-4c58-a09e-05a6b7acb062 · outbound

This paper cites Audio-CoT: Exploring Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Large Audio Language Model.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Audio-CoT: Exploring Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Large Audio Language Model

Reference 84

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T00:41:26.451182Z

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Observation d678d119-86a6-4aff-af34-51a88e9934f2 · outbound

This paper cites Audio-reasoner: Improving reasoning capability in large audio language models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Audio-reasoner: Improving reasoning capability in large audio language models

Reference 85

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T00:41:26.421712Z

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Observation 32998176-e768-4b9c-b6f6-e9ac0d7bbe7b · outbound

This paper cites Incentivizing consistent, effective and scalable reasoning capability in audio llms via reasoning process rewards.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Incentivizing consistent, effective and scalable reasoning capability in audio llms via reasoning process rewards

Reference 86

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Observation fb7db3ad-f483-4921-acc4-6b26a6760f5d · outbound

This paper cites The sound of syntax: Finetuning and comprehensive evaluation of language models for speech pathology.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models The sound of syntax: Finetuning and comprehensive evaluation of language models for speech pathology

Reference 87

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T04:23:32.830715Z

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Observation 23c6b300-f881-4a22-be39-d20d403d8cad · outbound

This paper cites Adaptthink: Reasoning models can learn when to think.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Adaptthink: Reasoning models can learn when to think

Reference 88

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T04:23:32.832924Z

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Observation 33efe020-ffe5-40ac-9585-4c6660901b5f · outbound

This paper cites Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally can be More Effective than Scaling Model Parameters.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally can be More Effective than Scaling Model Parameters

Reference 89

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Observation d944f2f8-5462-4036-8a94-761c34810b2e · outbound

This paper cites What If We Allocate Test-Time Compute Adaptively?.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models What If We Allocate Test-Time Compute Adaptively?

Reference 90

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-12T00:41:26.393464Z

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Observation 0170a213-993d-4df5-99e3-2d1f338f83f7 · outbound

This paper cites Does thinking more always help? mirage of test-time scaling in reasoning models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Does thinking more always help? mirage of test-time scaling in reasoning models

Reference 91

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T00:41:26.333983Z

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Observation cc759654-52f0-4235-8fcd-a8ceb2fc0ef6 · outbound

This paper cites Adaptive test-time compute allocation via learned heuristics over categorical structure.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Adaptive test-time compute allocation via learned heuristics over categorical structure

Reference 92

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T00:41:26.489494Z

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Observation 0da3826d-5803-4fbb-a647-c896190d2fa3 · outbound

This paper cites Think or not think: A study of ex- plicit thinking in rule-based visual reinforcement fine-tuning.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Think or not think: A study of ex- plicit thinking in rule-based visual reinforcement fine-tuning

Reference 93

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This paper cites A survey of confidence estimation and calibration in large language models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models A survey of confidence estimation and calibration in large language models

Reference 94

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This paper cites Selfcheckgpt: Zero-resource black-box hallucination detection for generative large language mod- els.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Selfcheckgpt: Zero-resource black-box hallucination detection for generative large language mod- els

Reference 95

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This paper cites Investigating selective prediction approaches across several tasks in IID, OOD, and adversarial settings.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Investigating selective prediction approaches across several tasks in IID, OOD, and adversarial settings

Reference 96

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This paper cites Don’t hallucinate, abstain: Identifying llm knowledge gaps via multi- llm collaboration.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Don’t hallucinate, abstain: Identifying llm knowledge gaps via multi- llm collaboration

Reference 97

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Observation ce6f6c85-d1ce-48f3-b723-d91fb47e3e2e · outbound

This paper cites Know your limits: A survey of abstention in large language models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Know your limits: A survey of abstention in large language models

Reference 98

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Observation 39280975-ba2e-4c1b-816a-b56562c4077e · outbound

This paper cites Uncertainty-Aware Evaluation for Vision-Language Models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Uncertainty-Aware Evaluation for Vision-Language Models

Reference 99

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Observation 4c392d07-b59c-4d31-9a52-38b194f2148f · outbound

This paper cites Vlm- uqbench: A benchmark for modality-specific and cross-modality uncer- tainties in vision language models.

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models Vlm- uqbench: A benchmark for modality-specific and cross-modality uncer- tainties in vision language models

Reference 100

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