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Leveraging Uncertainty Estimation for Efficient LLM Routing

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arxiv 2502.11021 v1 pith:O5ZUJIZN submitted 2025-02-16 cs.NI cs.CL

Leveraging Uncertainty Estimation for Efficient LLM Routing

classification cs.NI cs.CL
keywords routingqualityresponsecostaccuracyefficiencyefficientestimation
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Deploying large language models (LLMs) in edge-cloud environments requires an efficient routing strategy to balance cost and response quality. Traditional approaches prioritize either human-preference data or accuracy metrics from benchmark datasets as routing criteria, but these methods suffer from rigidity and subjectivity. Moreover, existing routing frameworks primarily focus on accuracy and cost, neglecting response quality from a human preference perspective. In this work, we propose the Confidence-Driven LLM Router, a novel framework that leverages uncertainty estimation to optimize routing decisions. To comprehensively assess routing performance, we evaluate both system cost efficiency and response quality. In particular, we introduce the novel use of LLM-as-a-Judge to simulate human rating preferences, providing the first systematic assessment of response quality across different routing strategies. Extensive experiments on MT-Bench, GSM8K, and MMLU demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art routing methods, achieving superior response quality while maintaining cost efficiency.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models

    eess.AS 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Semantic-level and verification-based uncertainty methods outperform token-level baselines for audio reasoning in ALLMs, but their relative performance on hallucination and unanswerable-question benchmarks is model- a...

  2. LatentRouter: Can We Choose the Right Multimodal Model Before Seeing Its Answer?

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    LatentRouter routes image-question queries to the best MLLM by predicting counterfactual performance via latent communication between learned query capsules and model capability tokens.

  3. Zero-Shot Confidence Estimation for Small LLMs: When Supervised Baselines Aren't Worth Training

    cs.AI 2026-05 conditional novelty 6.0

    Average token log-probability provides a zero-shot confidence signal for small LLMs that matches supervised baselines in-distribution and outperforms them out-of-distribution, with a new retrieval-conditional variant ...

  4. LaCy: What Small Language Models Can and Should Learn is Not Just a Question of Loss

    cs.CL 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0

    A small language model's factual accuracy in cascades improves when the decision to delegate a token is made from both token loss and spaCy factuality labels, not loss alone.

  5. From Sampled Outcomes to Capability Distributions: Rethinking Supervision for LLM Routing

    cs.LG 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    DARS replaces single-shot response labels with distribution-aware supervision derived from input and output uncertainty to produce more reliable LLM routing policies.

  6. LaCy: What Small Language Models Can and Should Learn is Not Just a Question of Loss

    cs.CL 2026-02 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    LaCy augments next-token loss with spaCy parser signals to train SLMs on learn-vs-delegate decisions, producing higher FactScores in cascades than loss-only or LLM-judge baselines.