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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews

As of 4 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 68 of 68 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2604.27790.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2604.27790 v1

Coverage vector

measured 68 of 68 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z

measured 69 of 69 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-02T03:00:02.279815Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

68 of 68 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact23
  • verified fuzzy2
  • unresolved34
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier6
  • metadata mismatch3

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 957bf6e3-cd4d-4799-bd55-0ae853f0646e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.500430Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:2d8ba187cb1aaaa8d8eb0cf8f32d14854037a19d8a48d575f01cb2dba3448fd9

Observation d2abfb1f-7daf-4ef0-a6df-67ddf8c03213 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.020478Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:6ad5a5b791b18c052e044a74e17e4b16b13fbb115519a986be1698a414a24576

Observation 262e4d7b-308d-4564-8fa1-c8515032d41d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.022623Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:ae0530db6c714bc14679b18aeb2442fdf9c0c7fc2302908eaf6f373a78c5457c

Observation ba85cb0f-ccd1-43bb-94f6-d32f01c02794 · outbound

This paper cites de Vries.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews de Vries

Reference 4

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.479528Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:51642f5e162370908019bcc967a187795af7bed050b8f8989d9eb71d5642722b

Observation 90d0cd08-e996-4bc4-92d5-e2fd74bcbe76 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.031713Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:c822db049af73275a18a902fb36844b4c9fa4d69d96ba884525fb14e60c0ef31

Observation ee2479b9-755c-431c-8fcd-00586b1aa9ab · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.047503Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:2182d3c7be674f5079736f701086e32eec83f08f394240eaff80dadc64d75daa

Observation 97f0157d-9909-42bb-97a1-af75c7d3e05f · outbound

This paper cites Lakshmi, R.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Lakshmi, R

Reference 7

Resolution
malformed identifier
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:28.997503Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:d70ad0f55f633d1394bf57854144d21ac7a3126ea6c05d8179b4e518dc620296

Observation 95449b51-979d-4109-a42f-907fe6cc2c91 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.049703Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:9e97f8e75f9be7cd338ee30c15a6526c26132b5fd87c97ce2b7b3562e36b6cca

Observation ca39228c-20ba-4723-88dd-6b9bd7b8dd02 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.037446Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:f39d883f561f30aca14b44dd34cdcb9116412cbbd855a53a6378ddf7e09f6a9a

Observation afbaec25-994f-4184-befa-9c6247ca2c2e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.517234Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:7bb74915963622c27b7f6034cd93657b35e522c2512b1e211c20a2700018a1a4

Observation 3efd6f1b-185a-4bd7-a3e4-6a23ce4b9cc2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.104952Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:f09dd0c0a14e8aaf096f619b9da2f69ea2ce6f9fd7c4efd6886f7bec840e739c

Observation d820ebcd-71d1-4df7-92f2-7882db25082f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.109802Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:ccba6cd9771f95460ba69f3b4a7dac632b900bcd6a3001e7382e5fcd378238f9

Observation 76245853-5b04-40da-9632-c7913fb64c04 · outbound

This paper cites Generative Engine Optimization: How to Dominate AI Search.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Generative Engine Optimization: How to Dominate AI Search

Reference 13

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:28.978065Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:77856e9175ce81e243467e5728499bffdb261a7db53cfeed727fd87c721639c8

Observation 307f573f-b735-41b5-b331-5f6336fa287f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.085761Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:a601d7d6ee8aedc1549fec6949afc41fca2fab423f6e6c594094b59c9c917d9c

Observation deb532ca-b975-454c-9190-55208c4c9de7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.090214Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:63e13d24fa75e6951a4fb0e4b5f573d735b978cafc1ba597c419a2d2668d5a20

Observation 50581f64-4d97-4d1d-9e4f-402d0f18ca22 · outbound

This paper cites ORCAS: 18 Million Clicked Query-Document Pairs for Analyzing Search.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews ORCAS: 18 Million Clicked Query-Document Pairs for Analyzing Search

Reference 16

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:28.954405Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:bee0edd3080cdb5eb4a731dde30f139422922c091c7c5895b10e63de5cdd2581

Observation 390e0199-dcfe-49b1-bf0d-0404544fe7fa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.546797Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:cb2ce1cb35f29e1b349ce2019f0abd14d6e610c0a050873201a44bd728afca63

Observation 0958f1ae-d88a-45f9-bc6c-d8cfd5163901 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.506876Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:61d97f39ca14cf13d8ab764c3bb9bbf42980d8c694b926ee32896e35c54bc970

Observation 3356b4de-8923-4354-80a2-9934e25ecd63 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.102382Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:2167a6316e10a9ae87f711cb976fb41b103fcc005f0d902a9f29c6c346411636

Observation 18f0f2f8-a869-4ffe-9834-0d9686a16833 · outbound

This paper cites InProceedings of the 30th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining(Barcelona Spain, 2024-08-25).

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews InProceedings of the 30th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining(Barcelona Spain, 2024-08-25)

Reference 20

Resolution
metadata mismatch
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.539018Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:b5b13464dd74ac6b5211ec3fcf45ed9e54713abad267ce625779f9dc3d2d67cc

Observation fc033939-4110-472e-be99-2a09d95715e9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution
malformed identifier
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:28.986325Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:5af218ad0a7c26ac8b763a14c3917cc98f486d16016e3d166b459e0a9570b988

Observation 24a2656a-e555-4c33-be8d-8bead3f78e94 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.568886Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:9bda04e6091771c4dc48d8008dd6f3af564d6e62b22ef23cf64d2b5f6e2383c9

Observation 31094d86-1c37-412d-964b-978f089b82e4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution
malformed identifier
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:28.982174Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:7d5842a0bc83e9eeeefab07f866191f8d6a1f6e9a5b63b5d144cd8a8128a958f

Observation 8e07eeb9-a597-465f-a340-2efa9d210c5a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.074246Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:228809e3d24ca4197ddbd00bde311bf180e511572a4566a92dc68a6ac22ba619

Observation ab08bd61-ed34-4f8d-8cbe-5de1dbd972be · outbound

This paper cites ELI5: Long Form Question Answering.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews ELI5: Long Form Question Answering

Reference 25

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:28.958390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:875d88082b465b2062f05fda489f7a59b0f5b0a8676fabcacb9d68d9de0abd07

Observation 95ba6df8-0c41-4a6f-ae52-6686a557cc2b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.076742Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:45fc8915a7dca24ded51a17de1522c34dae899c36b58175a738cf6be13c92a88

Observation 0ab268f6-35e3-4da2-9408-8f171cdcefbc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.079029Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:dffaa14adefc10f6204aac3bbf23c07082bcfafb31ee909daba428a84b9a0d06

Observation 7f700121-baa6-4119-9d82-e6f8231fb4cc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.094476Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:e312333eeac9527f77e152287be20da6d6f309c4408b406af192306add097608

Observation 78487750-d852-4474-a511-ad597b687910 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.107601Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:a879578b3ffe24dc317e60f1b65b2fceda7ce24d7448106911d0d26c5a7a3d20

Observation cfbd9187-3b60-4bc9-9697-70262c3e5199 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.066360Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:aed089bedc4ae1c86755b0f6566ead27f3f5cb52e4f560c846aef1e520e9e255

Observation 397ab0ae-c01b-4408-b273-f6bc64867c46 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.096799Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:95ea41c7446c4019f94d49e2191338d7f34d5bb202d8fc61d44b9cf6b6fec0fb

Observation 7e2d5239-c318-4c41-b436-5b36a6e1fccd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.072141Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:f893d4d3578a023996048db410858359642cdf88c851cde96d2ac1ef08efd79e

Observation 21655f94-91f7-4725-9765-c07aa70bd3ca · outbound

This paper cites Characterizing Web Search in The Age of Generative AI.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Characterizing Web Search in The Age of Generative AI

Reference 33

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-02T03:04:01.593570Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:cfbc48415bc0501862f151edc2bd10346ba6e3723a8773ab86b307fd9ec2117a

Observation 35cd5dce-6d91-4d78-b297-b657d2d5641a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.061066Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:0ae4cb00476f3e88d0462074af5074e11c4b568a0e91dac4da19203d8bbb9fc5

Observation a9caf9d8-408a-4cf7-b127-548ce172276a · outbound

This paper cites 2020.24267.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews 2020.24267

Reference 35

Resolution
malformed identifier
doi, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.562765Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

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Observation f7bd014d-0b44-4cdb-b95d-6b30aca21aa7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.560556Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

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Observation 4c2d0dcd-5d67-47f7-985a-91449a9c4a6b · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating verifiability in generative search engines.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Evaluating verifiability in generative search engines

Reference 37

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

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Observation ca92a940-650c-4c7c-ac5c-8bad5da4b85c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.034157Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:ed47c1c813adc2968d0f288976bff7ad5521e0c9c4e36bafa0293360ab4d0e6a

Observation 642e50cb-dcce-4a26-8a9e-09563080e716 · outbound

This paper cites Grégoire Mialon, Clémentine Fourrier, Craig Swift, Thomas Wolf, Yann LeCun, and Thomas Scialom.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Grégoire Mialon, Clémentine Fourrier, Craig Swift, Thomas Wolf, Yann LeCun, and Thomas Scialom

Reference 39

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:afee99b871b24e22b4c43629a6a9e2ff818368b7f74a16250dc96124aab7000f

Observation 2061312c-6f34-410d-ac7f-9acf51f59c92 · outbound

This paper cites Grynbaum.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Grynbaum

Reference 40

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.099412Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:66c74a9fa641173b8a9b02e311ea0a04f923a6f6aaac4acd2d2a8afa3fd71f0e

Observation 7849cc50-94b5-49a0-87cc-3205074d607e · outbound

This paper cites Auditing LLM Editorial Bias in News Media Exposure.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Auditing LLM Editorial Bias in News Media Exposure

Reference 41

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-05T01:14:30.447913Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:c10a8757ae13d1f88e639290a3578f0fe9c8b7a464a033de3f1f7ac30f440933

Observation c281090b-7b7b-4fa7-be76-ec5330470e80 · outbound

This paper cites It’s not a representation of me.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews It’s not a representation of me

Reference 42

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:28.966674Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:8cc59f8647e5e3980762147ee933664d8b0a9f6e38c5063291d58a1ec4de2381

Observation acd2c8cb-e786-4cb6-be4d-6eaae8811a70 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.027242Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:4ab88d9fd0fa89b3135d74a977cba0660ec7c590ce7bc384c4058cb5d7ba24dd

Observation 9134dae5-26fd-49f7-afb7-ef266770b7d8 · outbound

This paper cites In: Zong, C., Xia, F., Li, W., Navigli, R.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews In: Zong, C., Xia, F., Li, W., Navigli, R

Reference 44

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doi, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.492067Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:446fa8831044e26b4db905344219165fd5210edbc06d4d2dac31e4b0e3081f8f

Observation f86a64e0-71b7-42b3-b39d-e2ce955a782a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.029516Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:5e7eee828a8d64f3a8e277f52afd9c770a96de982360819c02f13ebc029b58e0

Observation 46d278b6-1dd8-479c-8c8d-47787329cf18 · outbound

This paper cites and Lewis, Mike , editor =.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews and Lewis, Mike , editor =

Reference 46

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doi, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.530645Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:fc4be6499d43e23ea39074047b0a0e0950406c7f5f1479f905d53dff0df5852b

Observation 55fd1172-764d-4e24-b7bf-331bcfc5cdbf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.055468Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:6493fd31c017f015c093c9c6c1a73e2d649cd85cb25cd74b1803a8443729c37a

Observation 516d2a97-94d1-4f41-bc74-907987a72b59 · outbound

This paper cites InThe Thirty-ninth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Datasets and Benchmarks Track.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews InThe Thirty-ninth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Datasets and Benchmarks Track

Reference 48

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.058697Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:fbb959008a82cf7bc8867e8d653a82e890dc1bab0df00fd227ddb41fa0583bd1

Observation fd7f0302-247b-460e-a4d9-6c37097060dc · outbound

This paper cites Shopping Queries Dataset: A Large-Scale ESCI Benchmark for Improving Product Search.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Shopping Queries Dataset: A Large-Scale ESCI Benchmark for Improving Product Search

Reference 49

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:28.990150Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:cb4ce2d32d8d1b6a8a7af37515e59d8fb7139c38cec37502a328f70433b8b2fc

Observation 0f71a5f2-29a0-4d71-bd5a-9d89c6546f52 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.069892Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:b4c7fc8f6c6bc2c1dc02a65fa1b285f805089cd6655b79d5d5623b17e35943c9

Observation 1160d9fc-981f-401b-b465-adb68cf57733 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.024714Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:0b9cb510c85a5155c6ccc0941775048b94818270785d26c38f8ed83183c7c8d4

Observation a0d9796a-dc39-446a-8b77-01c90966df26 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:28.970354Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:3e2e2946065c88547971a16c23cedb254d6c41bb2b3d5137c1503655048eff07

Observation da8649f4-8025-4745-a25e-5e2d2f68298e · outbound

This paper cites Vera Liao, and Ziang Xiao.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Vera Liao, and Ziang Xiao

Reference 53

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.453136Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

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Observation e9411579-ffe9-4fca-b856-c2f52b76f8e1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 54

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.063840Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:530d2deb77cb97aa0e1e661c9a54bf4a0a224dd9cbda6f7924dc8ee1092a0bab

Observation 3acbcfa8-3519-42b4-a601-d59cb9889345 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 55

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.551540Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:27b91536c415b8750306d5d777d7700a381c5d6b557badd38e2309f6eb6f53d4

Observation d1d29df3-80fd-49fe-8689-291c0deaadb4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 56

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:28.974155Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:8fe92dee8135ef281092502ede40521c99944dd46af4bab08493194fb8cb750f

Observation 03267c4e-c359-4da4-9879-62132f1ee533 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 57

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.092411Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:102b74040377001c053318a32df0931d3890178e1f85c1846e825056f9f54bda

Observation 50a2b284-abc0-4769-8ffa-e96b4f4af9b5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 58

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.081483Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:883881688789a3d41e6cd248811bff17f6acef3914aa603fcd520ab2e9bcf234

Observation 63ad1f79-0861-4413-a1ec-dd7ad41b1684 · outbound

This paper cites You Are How (and Where) You Search? Comparative Analysis of Web Search Behaviour Using Web Tracking Data.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews You Are How (and Where) You Search? Comparative Analysis of Web Search Behaviour Using Web Tracking Data

Reference 59

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T10:31:29.001360Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:0f11cbe7465d3e479bbffcf578317aebd3bddfa8f64cbd99b082bef9a1dc589a

Observation 3d9c59e2-2c57-4deb-971c-1cd8143032ef · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 60

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.042858Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:8c63f3dacf451ce1eb3db5e7b693c04fe10b6af2d30cae7199f1ae64e896f562

Observation 41413f6a-1b9c-44d5-9ca6-f4658f484f12 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 61

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.045288Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:e0ceba5f477da16e7cff2783c4fde0c0a067f8c9197eb7adf3b1b80274e5f114

Observation 8d5f975a-15ed-4451-8e38-b4857feeac7b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 62

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.485440Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:3cb88064bd96ca07efb3558a1b76d030355c4cf046eb29d2c053d356ef9317b7

Observation d270b3d6-a1c1-4af1-8096-cacc5b8fc1e7 · outbound

This paper cites Yifan Li, Yifan Du, Kun Zhou, Jinpeng Wang, Xin Zhao, and Ji-Rong Wen.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Yifan Li, Yifan Du, Kun Zhou, Jinpeng Wang, Xin Zhao, and Ji-Rong Wen

Reference 63

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doi, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.571863Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:dc57eb561f9acb56f128ab54379df5dedb821dd9a67e0cb8761df4566b3eebac

Observation a9546b72-039e-4dd7-87bf-2ab07f920eab · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 64

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.052682Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:7109cd2e165a8ff77bbab9a45a5058be6b5768b501716944c9d9a4fcd8e5675b

Observation 6b36afc0-2ad3-4d0c-ac48-02e76511bc1c · outbound

This paper cites 2024 , isbn =.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews 2024 , isbn =

Reference 65

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metadata mismatch
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.521523Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:d277599d4eb6761fae76bd4cf0d7ed43bef4519e959960677e286548015828b5

Observation 4449c5fb-302f-4598-9bda-064636ac5000 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 66

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.040057Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:5b8774f69f1f80579e9916836eabfd51c7769bbfcc85386a6287c0d7fe465e6f

Observation 4c32dcee-95e4-4582-ac1d-ec7c76566819 · outbound

This paper cites Uncertainty propagation on.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Uncertainty propagation on

Reference 67

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doi, observed 2026-05-09T05:05:11.469406Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:68dd3968fe9ee1dec2a1f16936a24f1bedec89e6ea4be93a0392b2aeee6df214

Observation d774a4fb-bde5-4e3f-b29a-919808f6060b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews Unresolved cited work

Reference 68

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-27T10:23:57.087836Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T05:53:45.445755Z digest=sha256:4fb8585a19bb552c4056d778c8e4bd363d64a7d9a4aae1729eac1acb5c7451c4

Pith citing papers

Observation 5abe01f8-36ed-4f69-ad45-827dee14e3ed · inbound

Optimizing Visibility in Generative Engines: A Critical Survey of Generative Engine Optimization (2023-2026) cites this paper.

Optimizing Visibility in Generative Engines: A Critical Survey of Generative Engine Optimization (2023-2026) How Generative AI Disrupts Search: An Empirical Study of Google Search, Gemini, and AI Overviews

Reference 7

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T03:00:02.279815Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-02T03:00:02.279815Z digest=sha256:3b2fb885f58729015fc3e0622a9b6fa69f304564f7f120c85167689d607ea264