arxiv: 2605.00601 · v1 · submitted 2026-05-01 · ❄️ cond-mat.supr-con · cond-mat.str-el

Recognition: unknown

Superconducting diode effect in correlated electron systems by nonreciprocal magnetism

Kyohei Nakamura , Youichi Yanase

Authors on Pith no claims yet

Pith reviewed 2026-05-09 18:28 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el

keywords superconducting diode effectantiferromagnetic ordercorrelated electronsRashba-Zeeman-Hubbard modelquantum criticalityd-wave superconductivitynonreciprocal transport

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The pith

A supercurrent nonreciprocally induces antiferromagnetic order that governs critical current and enables perfect diode efficiency.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper studies the superconducting diode effect in the Rashba-Zeeman-Hubbard model, which describes d-wave superconductivity near an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point. Calculations within the fluctuation exchange approximation show that electron correlations suppress the usual intrinsic diode behavior caused by depairing currents. A supercurrent instead induces antiferromagnetic order in a direction-dependent manner, and this induced order sets the critical currents to produce perfect nonreciprocity. A reader would care because the result identifies a correlation-driven route to the diode effect that operates in strongly interacting systems where conventional mechanisms fall short.

Core claim

In the Rashba-Zeeman-Hubbard model, electron correlations suppress the conventional intrinsic superconducting diode effect arising from depairing currents. A supercurrent nonreciprocally induces antiferromagnetic order, which fundamentally governs the critical current and enables perfect diode efficiency.

What carries the argument

Nonreciprocal induction of antiferromagnetic order by supercurrent, which then determines the direction-dependent critical currents.

If this is right

Electron correlations suppress the conventional intrinsic SDE arising from depairing currents.
The induced antiferromagnetic order governs the critical current and produces perfect diode efficiency.
This correlation-driven process provides a mechanism for the SDE distinct from weak-coupling pictures.
Strongly correlated superconductors near quantum criticality become a natural platform for realizing the diode effect.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

The same nonreciprocal magnetism could appear in other pairing symmetries or lattice geometries near quantum critical points.
Measuring field-induced or current-induced magnetic order in candidate materials would test whether the mechanism operates in real compounds.
Engineering proximity to antiferromagnetic quantum criticality might offer a route to enhance diode performance beyond what band-structure effects alone can achieve.

Load-bearing premise

The fluctuation exchange approximation accurately captures how supercurrent induces antiferromagnetic order nonreciprocally near quantum criticality in this model.

What would settle it

If supercurrent fails to induce antiferromagnetic order or if diode efficiency remains imperfect even when such order appears, the proposed mechanism would not hold.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.00601 by Kyohei Nakamura, Youichi Yanase.

**Figure 2.** Figure 2: FIG. 2. Cooper pair’s momentum dependence of the Stoner factor view at source ↗

**Figure 3.** Figure 3: FIG. 3. Supercurrent dependence of the Stoner factor view at source ↗

read the original abstract

The superconducting diode effect (SDE), characterized by a nonreciprocal critical current in superconductors, has recently been observed in strongly correlated electron systems and near quantum criticality, pointing to unconventional mechanisms beyond weak-coupling theories. Here we investigate the SDE in the Rashba-Zeeman-Hubbard model, which captures $d$-wave superconductivity in an antiferromagnetic quantum critical regime, using the Dyson-Gor'kov equation with the fluctuation exchange approximation. We show that electron correlations suppress the conventional intrinsic SDE arising from depairing currents. More importantly, a supercurrent nonreciprocally induces antiferromagnetic order, which fundamentally governs the critical current and enables perfect diode efficiency. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized correlation-driven mechanism of the SDE and establish strongly correlated superconductors as a platform for superconducting diode physics.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

The paper claims supercurrent nonreciprocally induces AF order in the Rashba-Zeeman-Hubbard model that then produces perfect diode efficiency, but this hinges on the FLEX approximation whose accuracy near the AF QCP is open to question.

read the letter

The main point is that correlations suppress the usual intrinsic superconducting diode effect while a supercurrent nonreciprocally stabilizes antiferromagnetic order, which then dictates the critical current and yields perfect efficiency. This correlation-driven route via induced magnetism is presented as new compared with earlier SDE work on spin-orbit or Zeeman effects alone. The authors set up the Rashba-Zeeman-Hubbard model for d-wave pairing near an AF quantum critical point and solve the Dyson-Gor'kov equations in the fluctuation-exchange approximation to track the self-consistent response of the AF order parameter to finite supercurrent. That framework lets them show how the induced moment breaks reciprocity in the depairing currents. The calculation is at least internally consistent within its chosen method and gives a concrete microscopic picture rather than a phenomenological fit. The soft spot is the approximation. FLEX resums fluctuations in a conserving way, yet near an AF QCP the same fluctuations become strong and the self-consistent feedback from current-induced order can produce uncontrolled artifacts. Perfect diode efficiency is a strong result; it would be useful to know how sensitive it is to cutoff, filling, or interaction strength and whether it survives when the AF moment is treated beyond FLEX. The paper is aimed at theorists studying diode effects in correlated superconductors and at experimental groups looking for mechanisms in materials near magnetic criticality. It deserves peer review so referees can examine the numerical implementation and test whether the central mechanism holds under different approximations or in limiting cases.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The paper studies the superconducting diode effect (SDE) in the Rashba-Zeeman-Hubbard model describing d-wave superconductivity near an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point. Within the Dyson-Gor'kov framework and the fluctuation-exchange (FLEX) approximation, the authors find that electron correlations suppress the conventional depairing-current contribution to the SDE. They report that a finite supercurrent nonreciprocally stabilizes antiferromagnetic order, which in turn controls the critical current and produces perfect diode efficiency.

Significance. If the central mechanism survives beyond the FLEX approximation, the work identifies a correlation-driven route to perfect SDE that is distinct from weak-coupling intrinsic mechanisms and may explain recent experiments in strongly correlated systems near quantum criticality. The derivation from a microscopic lattice model without additional fitting parameters is a positive feature.

major comments (2)

[Methods (Dyson-Gor'kov + FLEX section)] The load-bearing claim that supercurrent nonreciprocally induces AF order which then sets the critical current and yields perfect diode efficiency is obtained inside the FLEX approximation to the Dyson-Gor'kov equations. Near an AF quantum critical point the same fluctuations being resummed become non-perturbative; the self-consistent feedback between current-induced order and the gap can therefore produce uncontrolled artifacts. The manuscript should demonstrate that the reported perfect efficiency is robust against this limitation, for example by comparing with a different conserving approximation or by showing the induced moment remains finite when the FLEX cutoff is varied.
[Results (critical-current and diode-efficiency figures)] The statement that correlations suppress the conventional intrinsic SDE while the induced AF order enables perfect efficiency requires explicit separation of the two contributions. It is not clear from the presented results whether the perfect efficiency survives when the AF order is artificially suppressed (e.g., by detuning the interaction or by adding a small staggered field), which would test whether the nonreciprocal magnetism is truly the governing mechanism.

minor comments (2)

[Model section] Notation for the Rashba and Zeeman terms, the current-carrying boundary condition, and the definition of diode efficiency should be collected in a single table or appendix for clarity.
[Abstract] The abstract asserts 'perfect diode efficiency' without quoting the numerical value or the parameter window in which it is obtained; a brief quantitative statement would help readers assess the result.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 1 unresolved

We thank the referee for the thorough review and valuable suggestions. We have carefully considered the major comments and provide detailed responses below. We believe these points can be addressed through clarifications and additional analyses in the revised manuscript.

read point-by-point responses

Referee: [Methods (Dyson-Gor'kov + FLEX section)] The load-bearing claim that supercurrent nonreciprocally induces AF order which then sets the critical current and yields perfect diode efficiency is obtained inside the FLEX approximation to the Dyson-Gor'kov equations. Near an AF quantum critical point the same fluctuations being resummed become non-perturbative; the self-consistent feedback between current-induced order and the gap can therefore produce uncontrolled artifacts. The manuscript should demonstrate that the reported perfect efficiency is robust against this limitation, for example by comparing with a different conserving approximation or by showing the induced moment remains finite when the FLEX cutoff is varied.

Authors: We acknowledge the potential limitations of the FLEX approximation near the antiferromagnetic quantum critical point, where fluctuations can become non-perturbative. However, our calculations are performed in a regime where the AF order is induced by the supercurrent and remains moderate. To address the robustness, we will vary the momentum cutoff in the FLEX summation and include a demonstration that the induced AF moment and the perfect diode efficiency persist. While a comparison with an entirely different conserving approximation (such as a parquet approach) would be desirable, it lies beyond the scope of the current work and would require extensive methodological development. We argue that the qualitative mechanism is likely robust, as supported by the self-consistent nature of the solution. revision: partial
Referee: [Results (critical-current and diode-efficiency figures)] The statement that correlations suppress the conventional intrinsic SDE while the induced AF order enables perfect efficiency requires explicit separation of the two contributions. It is not clear from the presented results whether the perfect efficiency survives when the AF order is artificially suppressed (e.g., by detuning the interaction or by adding a small staggered field), which would test whether the nonreciprocal magnetism is truly the governing mechanism.

Authors: We agree that an explicit separation of the conventional depairing contribution and the AF-order contribution would strengthen the manuscript. We will perform additional calculations suppressing the AF order by introducing a small staggered magnetic field and by detuning the Hubbard interaction U. These will be added to the revised manuscript to explicitly demonstrate that the nonreciprocal magnetism is the dominant mechanism for the perfect SDE. revision: yes

standing simulated objections not resolved

Demonstrating robustness of the results by comparing with a different conserving approximation beyond the FLEX method.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: results obtained from self-consistent solution of microscopic equations

full rationale

The derivation proceeds by solving the Dyson-Gor'kov equations in the fluctuation-exchange approximation applied to the Rashba-Zeeman-Hubbard model. The reported nonreciprocal induction of antiferromagnetic order by supercurrent, its effect on the critical current, and the resulting diode efficiency are outputs of this calculation rather than inputs or self-definitions. No equations or claims reduce by construction to fitted parameters, renamed empirical patterns, or load-bearing self-citations whose validity depends on the present work. The approach is a standard (if approximate) microscopic computation whose central results are independent of the target observables.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on the validity of the Rashba-Zeeman-Hubbard model and the fluctuation-exchange approximation; no new particles or forces are introduced.

axioms (1)

domain assumption The fluctuation exchange approximation is sufficient to capture the nonreciprocal induction of antiferromagnetic order by supercurrent in the antiferromagnetic quantum critical regime.
Invoked when solving the Dyson-Gor'kov equation for the model.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5435 in / 1281 out tokens · 26261 ms · 2026-05-09T18:28:36.686514+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Reference graph

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