Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-09T17:57:08.844729Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
The Hidden Cost of Thinking: Energy Use and Environmental Impact of LMs Beyond Pretraining
As of 2 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 13 of 13 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2605.01158.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-12T01:49:47.560255Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: pith, observed 2026-07-12T06:15:01.017489Z
Reference resolution
13 of 13 outbound references displayed
- verified exact6
- verified fuzzy0
- unresolved0
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch7
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation b9d8bc6f-e282-4af2-a450-cb63c2059f30 · outbound
This paper cites Measuring the Carbon Intensity of AI in Cloud Instances.
The Hidden Cost of Thinking: Energy Use and Environmental Impact of LMs Beyond Pretraining Measuring the Carbon Intensity of AI in Cloud Instances
Reference 1
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T16:16:11.552943Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.
Observation 9536de94-a873-4538-b467-588df916d145 · outbound
This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.
The Hidden Cost of Thinking: Energy Use and Environmental Impact of LMs Beyond Pretraining The Llama 3 Herd of Models
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified exact
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-11T16:16:11.503431Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.
Observation efbf75f5-a0e1-4ee2-89a9-17b00784bd86 · outbound
This paper cites OLMo: Accelerating the Science of Language Models.
The Hidden Cost of Thinking: Energy Use and Environmental Impact of LMs Beyond Pretraining OLMo: Accelerating the Science of Language Models
Reference 3
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-16T23:00:15.763598Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.
Observation 101c3d4b-e1d3-41a7-9c8c-57ff1cb9a5f3 · outbound
This paper cites Making AI Less "Thirsty": Uncovering and Addressing the Secret Water Footprint of AI Models.
The Hidden Cost of Thinking: Energy Use and Environmental Impact of LMs Beyond Pretraining Making AI Less "Thirsty": Uncovering and Addressing the Secret Water Footprint of AI Models
Reference 4
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T16:16:11.493756Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.
Observation 1cded820-1b73-4ac6-9ab7-1b3c020a2f37 · outbound
This paper cites Estimating the Carbon Footprint of BLOOM, a 176B Parameter Language Model.
The Hidden Cost of Thinking: Energy Use and Environmental Impact of LMs Beyond Pretraining Estimating the Carbon Footprint of BLOOM, a 176B Parameter Language Model
Reference 5
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T16:16:11.581291Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.
Observation 26e18f8d-5090-4c1b-97d0-4c98ec12a7bc · outbound
This paper cites Beyond Individual Accountability: (Re-)Asserting Democratic Control of AI.
The Hidden Cost of Thinking: Energy Use and Environmental Impact of LMs Beyond Pretraining Beyond Individual Accountability: (Re-)Asserting Democratic Control of AI
Reference 6
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T21:23:26.127222Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.
Observation 64f6f3bb-cb46-42b4-bcca-853e517478c9 · outbound
This paper cites Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models.
The Hidden Cost of Thinking: Energy Use and Environmental Impact of LMs Beyond Pretraining Holistically Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Creating Language Models
Reference 7
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T16:16:11.534500Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.
Observation 124f68e2-6013-47f9-9688-19633c2895aa · outbound
This paper cites Olmo 3.
The Hidden Cost of Thinking: Energy Use and Environmental Impact of LMs Beyond Pretraining Olmo 3
Reference 8
- Resolution
- verified exact
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-11T16:16:11.546756Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.
Observation 1a404a69-b423-4058-b348-cb056785e50a · outbound
This paper cites 2 OLMo 2 Furious.
The Hidden Cost of Thinking: Energy Use and Environmental Impact of LMs Beyond Pretraining 2 OLMo 2 Furious
Reference 9
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T16:50:29.153357Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.
Observation 2bbadf4c-f121-4881-b816-dea42b2b1d8b · outbound
This paper cites Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model.
The Hidden Cost of Thinking: Energy Use and Environmental Impact of LMs Beyond Pretraining Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model
Reference 10
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-11T16:16:11.592565Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.
Observation 01129d6b-8101-4785-b0de-cbaaf70be041 · outbound
This paper cites Green AI.
The Hidden Cost of Thinking: Energy Use and Environmental Impact of LMs Beyond Pretraining Green AI
Reference 11
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T16:16:11.569294Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.
Observation 13534ab0-f908-454e-a89b-5cb32f07272f · outbound
This paper cites Energy and Policy Considerations for Deep Learning in NLP.
The Hidden Cost of Thinking: Energy Use and Environmental Impact of LMs Beyond Pretraining Energy and Policy Considerations for Deep Learning in NLP
Reference 12
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T16:16:11.511539Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.
Observation 6ca613d6-0fee-4926-afba-da130e516595 · outbound
This paper cites Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology.
The Hidden Cost of Thinking: Energy Use and Environmental Impact of LMs Beyond Pretraining Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology
Reference 13
- Resolution
- verified exact
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-11T16:16:11.528073Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.
Pith citing papers
Observation 153adabd-c94c-475f-b5ff-81654eb008e0 · inbound
How Low Can We Go? Minimum Spectroscopic Requirements For Supernova Subtype Classification cites this paper.
How Low Can We Go? Minimum Spectroscopic Requirements For Supernova Subtype Classification The Hidden Cost of Thinking: Energy Use and Environmental Impact of LMs Beyond Pretraining
Reference 60
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-12T01:58:27.128890Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.