Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-08T18:38:49.195582Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims
As of 4 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 32 of 32 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2605.02740.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-02T03:12:20.196537Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
32 of 32 outbound references displayed
- verified exact6
- verified fuzzy22
- unresolved2
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier1
- metadata mismatch1
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation a286557e-2a0d-4000-90bd-e9fae3637cfc · outbound
This paper cites Sherman, Steven A.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Sherman, Steven A
Reference 1
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.644185Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation d0c83aaf-81fe-4a68-9683-aa55a81d8c3d · outbound
This paper cites Real-world data: a brief review of the methods, applications, challenges and opportunities.BMC Medical Research Methodology, 22(1):287.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Real-world data: a brief review of the methods, applications, challenges and opportunities.BMC Medical Research Methodology, 22(1):287
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.652614Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 17ce31df-1588-44f1-9756-aa2d6b704ca3 · outbound
This paper cites Hernán and James M.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Hernán and James M
Reference 3
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.661295Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation ea3d3392-0485-4e35-9e43-f708ce4232d1 · outbound
This paper cites Real-world evidence—where are we now?New England Journal of Medicine, 386(18):1680–1682.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Real-world evidence—where are we now?New England Journal of Medicine, 386(18):1680–1682
Reference 4
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.657103Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 9d84e520-f9f2-4d38-bc31-486f79fdd9f7 · outbound
This paper cites Food and Drug Administration.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Food and Drug Administration
Reference 5
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.632745Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation bf0c2945-93d7-45e2-9645-0d1b5f297378 · outbound
This paper cites BEHRT: Transformer for electronic health records.Scientific Reports, 10(1):7155.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims BEHRT: Transformer for electronic health records.Scientific Reports, 10(1):7155
Reference 6
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.665042Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 7f104a54-b3b1-491c-b532-7798a053f99e · outbound
This paper cites Med-BERT: pretrained contextualized embeddings on large-scale structured electronic health records for disease prediction.npj Digital Medicine, 4(1):86.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Med-BERT: pretrained contextualized embeddings on large-scale structured electronic health records for disease prediction.npj Digital Medicine, 4(1):86
Reference 7
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.648446Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation ecc014b8-eecc-4245-9604-71442af6c868 · outbound
This paper cites Fries, Conor K.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Fries, Conor K
Reference 8
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.640613Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 976415f0-2893-46e8-8aa4-f310cf11c5b7 · outbound
This paper cites Transformehr: transformer-based encoder-decoder generative model to enhance prediction of disease outcomes using electronic health records.Nature Communications, 14:7857.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Transformehr: transformer-based encoder-decoder generative model to enhance prediction of disease outcomes using electronic health records.Nature Communications, 14:7857
Reference 9
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.637015Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 95abd131-05c5-40f9-b7e2-40e59ce83c26 · outbound
This paper cites MOTOR: A Time-To-Event Foundation Model For Structured Medical Records.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims MOTOR: A Time-To-Event Foundation Model For Structured Medical Records
Reference 10
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T06:15:39.616143Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation afaac5f3-8453-494b-bc07-d02e65d6b538 · outbound
This paper cites CEHR-GPT: Generating Electronic Health Records with Chronological Patient Timelines.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims CEHR-GPT: Generating Electronic Health Records with Chronological Patient Timelines
Reference 11
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T06:15:39.609873Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation f96098f3-8e63-4aae-a1d1-ccb6a5ec5b1b · outbound
This paper cites Event Stream GPT: A Data Pre-processing and Modeling Library for Generative, Pre-trained Transformers over Continuous-time Sequences of Complex Events.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Event Stream GPT: A Data Pre-processing and Modeling Library for Generative, Pre-trained Transformers over Continuous-time Sequences of Complex Events
Reference 12
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T06:15:39.604450Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 26c07f87-92f1-44e2-aa6b-e25c8e403acb · outbound
This paper cites EHRSHOT: An EHR benchmark for few-shot evaluation of foundation models.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims EHRSHOT: An EHR benchmark for few-shot evaluation of foundation models
Reference 13
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.720812Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 0566b60d-8905-4e92-8241-b9ce07c5c11f · outbound
This paper cites Teo, and Richard J.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Teo, and Richard J
Reference 14
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.698818Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 3f7d6d5f-7d98-4351-843d-2f0f8cb5fede · outbound
This paper cites Zero shot health trajectory prediction using transformer.npj Digital Medicine, 7(1):256.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Zero shot health trajectory prediction using transformer.npj Digital Medicine, 7(1):256
Reference 15
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.680716Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 4df69731-3316-4161-bb7c-a4791b5c91a9 · outbound
This paper cites Learning the natural history of human disease with generative transformers.Nature, 647(8088):248–256.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Learning the natural history of human disease with generative transformers.Nature, 647(8088):248–256
Reference 16
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.702659Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 2033ca3e-cfc2-4e81-ab35-85fcc3087d3e · outbound
This paper cites Generative medical event models improve with scale.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Generative medical event models improve with scale
Reference 17
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T06:15:39.592844Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation ad2831b4-4418-4f5b-b237-eb48025c70bd · outbound
This paper cites Exploring Scaling Laws for EHR Foundation Models.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Exploring Scaling Laws for EHR Foundation Models
Reference 18
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T06:15:39.606992Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 594ece1f-382d-46b8-a8fd-97b478dec0cb · outbound
This paper cites Pfeffer, Jason Fries, and Nigam H.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Pfeffer, Jason Fries, and Nigam H
Reference 19
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.706500Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 8e3da3a9-d23a-47ff-b1c4-043933001cd4 · outbound
This paper cites Linwood, and Chang Liu.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Linwood, and Chang Liu
Reference 20
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.691840Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 1cb92972-eeb4-441d-8c56-21fde6abe1b0 · outbound
This paper cites Introducing the Large Medical Model: State of the art healthcare cost and risk prediction with transformers trained on patient event sequences.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Introducing the Large Medical Model: State of the art healthcare cost and risk prediction with transformers trained on patient event sequences
Reference 21
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T06:15:39.601962Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation e51e8802-6256-4eb4-abcf-31f353a3e049 · outbound
This paper cites FoMoH: A clinically meaningful foundation model evaluation for structured electronic health records.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims FoMoH: A clinically meaningful foundation model evaluation for structured electronic health records
Reference 22
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T06:15:39.599200Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation f4a85551-6646-41c2-a817-07a960941dbf · outbound
This paper cites Lightgbm: A highly efficient gradient boosting decision tree.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Lightgbm: A highly efficient gradient boosting decision tree
Reference 23
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.710205Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 4bdf9b8e-9493-4476-acba-cbf7ef3e61df · outbound
This paper cites Lambert, Annie Olry, Charlotte Rodwell, Charlotte Gueydan, Valérie Lanneau, Daniel Murphy, Yann Le Cam, and Ana Rath.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Lambert, Annie Olry, Charlotte Rodwell, Charlotte Gueydan, Valérie Lanneau, Daniel Murphy, Yann Le Cam, and Ana Rath
Reference 24
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.717166Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 0537afb2-6522-4dc0-a08b-1b7e7ec8c2f6 · outbound
This paper cites Bastarache, Robert J.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Bastarache, Robert J
Reference 25
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.713659Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 086620ae-1062-49ff-8afe-d995ba3e0497 · outbound
This paper cites Machine-learning-based prediction models for high-need high-cost patients using nationwide clinical and claims data.NPJ digital medicine, 3(1):148.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Machine-learning-based prediction models for high-need high-cost patients using nationwide clinical and claims data.NPJ digital medicine, 3(1):148
Reference 26
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.676956Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 8aae2cd5-30ea-4f37-864d-2a36595262e5 · outbound
This paper cites Mitchell.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Mitchell
Reference 27
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.672897Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 50ebc553-2bad-40ac-ae43-fcf51df7db36 · outbound
This paper cites Negative controls: a tool for detecting confounding and bias in observational studies.Epidemiology, 21(3):383–388.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Negative controls: a tool for detecting confounding and bias in observational studies.Epidemiology, 21(3):383–388
Reference 28
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.669076Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 5ba59f11-f4dc-4753-b31e-58c03f3dc3e7 · outbound
This paper cites Interpreting observational studies: why empirical calibration is needed to correct p-values.Statistics in medicine, 33(2):209–218.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Interpreting observational studies: why empirical calibration is needed to correct p-values.Statistics in medicine, 33(2):209–218
Reference 29
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.684662Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 4dbfdb89-061b-4f32-a096-c69ab897d85c · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Unresolved cited work
Reference 30
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.688259Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation ac320656-45a7-42ad-973e-5c69c18c29d3 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Unresolved cited work
Reference 31
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-26T04:26:42.695404Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 157a3254-5d36-4723-8e95-69d819cd3853 · outbound
This paper cites Qwen3 Technical Report.
Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims Qwen3 Technical Report
Reference 32
- Resolution
- malformed identifier
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-09T06:15:39.596113Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Pith citing papers
Observation 44c8b773-6e4d-420e-a505-32b597640e8b · inbound
TEDDY: A Pediatric Foundation Model for Risk Forewarning from ICD-Coded Diagnostic Histories cites this paper.
TEDDY: A Pediatric Foundation Model for Risk Forewarning from ICD-Coded Diagnostic Histories Foundation Models to Unlock Real-World Evidence from Nationwide Medical Claims
Reference 20
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T03:12:20.196537Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.