Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models

As of 6 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 35 of 35 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2605.05938.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2605.05938 v2

Coverage vector

measured 35 of 35 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.593625Z

measured 36 of 36 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T00:39:45.523518Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-06T00:39:53.559223Z

Reference resolution

35 of 35 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved35
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation c2ea8fc6-7819-4c78-ad5c-09ffe34d57fe · outbound

This paper cites Visual instruction tuning.Advances in neural information processing systems, 36:34892–34916, 2023.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Visual instruction tuning.Advances in neural information processing systems, 36:34892–34916, 2023

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.323370Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation afea450f-85a0-49bc-8a51-ee81a4a19555 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.376718Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3ca2c889-523b-457b-9c43-4e405ebe3b22 · outbound

This paper cites MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Models.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Models

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.473465Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 72aaa357-9d65-4b0f-b511-d34c966df4e4 · outbound

This paper cites mPLUG-Owl: Modularization Empowers Large Language Models with Multimodality.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models mPLUG-Owl: Modularization Empowers Large Language Models with Multimodality

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.477913Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation af321124-e8ef-4330-a542-aad214fc956a · outbound

This paper cites Protecting privacy in multimodal large language models with mllmu-bench.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Protecting privacy in multimodal large language models with mllmu-bench

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.482478Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5120e51d-9f3e-4ea1-b373-32b9ad9e9b33 · outbound

This paper cites Single image unlearning: Efficient machine unlearning in multimodal large language models.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37:35414–35453, 2024.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Single image unlearning: Efficient machine unlearning in multimodal large language models.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37:35414–35453, 2024

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.486934Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b4ddeef3-0c15-45fd-8df6-054f5bd6ffca · outbound

This paper cites A survey on large language model (llm) security and privacy: The good, the bad, and the ugly.High-Confidence Computing, 4(2):100211, 2024.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models A survey on large language model (llm) security and privacy: The good, the bad, and the ugly.High-Confidence Computing, 4(2):100211, 2024

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.491343Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cdaf3382-6032-43bd-8330-7f84835209da · outbound

This paper cites The eu general data protection regulation (gdpr).A practical guide, 1st ed., Cham: Springer International Publishing, 10(3152676):10–5555, 2017.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models The eu general data protection regulation (gdpr).A practical guide, 1st ed., Cham: Springer International Publishing, 10(3152676):10–5555, 2017

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.494986Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 743f0c2a-ab89-4a15-96a1-cb6bf446eeb9 · outbound

This paper cites Rethinking machine unlearning for large language models.Nature Machine Intelligence, 7(2):181–194, 2025.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Rethinking machine unlearning for large language models.Nature Machine Intelligence, 7(2):181–194, 2025

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.498717Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bd2cfd19-5ab2-44f2-a296-69f7b2c6b3fc · outbound

This paper cites Wagle: Strategic weight attribution for effective and modular unlearning in large language models.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37:55620–55646, 2024.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Wagle: Strategic weight attribution for effective and modular unlearning in large language models.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37:55620–55646, 2024

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.502226Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9bab6036-20fd-4679-814b-62fede001e3d · outbound

This paper cites Videoeraser: Concept erasure in text-to-video diffusion models.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Videoeraser: Concept erasure in text-to-video diffusion models

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.505748Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 68737fc3-ad90-4d61-96ab-3876fdcca79c · outbound

This paper cites Yuan: Yielding unblemished aesthetics through a unified network for visual imperfections removal in generated images.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Yuan: Yielding unblemished aesthetics through a unified network for visual imperfections removal in generated images

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.509171Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1e2b8c65-60f0-440d-a448-c80bf4f18eb5 · outbound

This paper cites MU-Bench: A Multitask Multimodal Benchmark for Machine Unlearning.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models MU-Bench: A Multitask Multimodal Benchmark for Machine Unlearning

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.512792Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 58a80f72-f34c-4e4a-989b-9dcb31fef34c · outbound

This paper cites Umu-bench: Closing the modality gap in multimodal unlearning evaluation.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Umu-bench: Closing the modality gap in multimodal unlearning evaluation

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.516458Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a0b40983-789b-4ab0-b924-cf14fdb75f2b · outbound

This paper cites Clear: Character unlearning in textual and visual modalities.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Clear: Character unlearning in textual and visual modalities

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.520178Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 86ef9517-004c-4ac5-b484-7a7e6b72231c · outbound

This paper cites PEBench: A Fictitious Dataset to Benchmark Machine Unlearning for Multimodal Large Language Models.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models PEBench: A Fictitious Dataset to Benchmark Machine Unlearning for Multimodal Large Language Models

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.523689Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4e77003a-d0c4-4567-ab69-ba6d48956e92 · outbound

This paper cites Forgetme: Benchmarking the selective forgetting capabilities of generative models.Engineering Applica- tions of Artificial Intelligence, 161:112087, 2025.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Forgetme: Benchmarking the selective forgetting capabilities of generative models.Engineering Applica- tions of Artificial Intelligence, 161:112087, 2025

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.527643Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 792ea008-f3d2-4d47-b3f5-bc57d98f457e · outbound

This paper cites Knowledge unlearning for mitigating privacy risks in language models.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Knowledge unlearning for mitigating privacy risks in language models

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.531048Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 454faf7c-3330-4db3-b0c6-bf315d62bebd · outbound

This paper cites Large language model unlearning.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37:105425–105475, 2024.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Large language model unlearning.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37:105425–105475, 2024

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.534422Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ba12fd68-9b33-4173-b217-67a43e6923a5 · outbound

This paper cites Negative Preference Optimization: From Catastrophic Collapse to Effective Unlearning.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Negative Preference Optimization: From Catastrophic Collapse to Effective Unlearning

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.538160Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 746fe0ad-204d-405f-a473-b86945b6afda · outbound

This paper cites Mmunlearner: Reformulating multimodal machine unlearning in the era of multimodal large language models.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Mmunlearner: Reformulating multimodal machine unlearning in the era of multimodal large language models

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.542143Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9caac341-d659-46ce-9a1f-99396dba341a · outbound

This paper cites Modality-aware neuron pruning for unlearning in multimodal large language models.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Modality-aware neuron pruning for unlearning in multimodal large language models

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.545573Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7251bc7c-ca5e-4895-be54-ce7c83c0cd98 · outbound

This paper cites Mllm machine unlearning via visual knowledge distillation.arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.11325, 2025.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Mllm machine unlearning via visual knowledge distillation.arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.11325, 2025

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.549197Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dafb1378-515b-48f0-a6ef-2847971f1d2b · outbound

This paper cites On large language model continual unlearning.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models On large language model continual unlearning

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.552874Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f454bb1e-4c62-4236-b5da-52b36609da5c · outbound

This paper cites Pulse: Practical evaluation scenarios for large multimodal model unlearning.arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.01271, 2025.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Pulse: Practical evaluation scenarios for large multimodal model unlearning.arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.01271, 2025

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.556565Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8a9e81d0-39a4-48b3-88b1-6202daedc88a · outbound

This paper cites MUSE: Machine Unlearning Six-Way Evaluation for Language Models.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models MUSE: Machine Unlearning Six-Way Evaluation for Language Models

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.560527Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 638fb06b-9f9f-43c5-aac8-2f94351b5584 · outbound

This paper cites Knowledge Unlearning for LLMs: Tasks, Methods, and Challenges.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Knowledge Unlearning for LLMs: Tasks, Methods, and Challenges

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.564415Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5f7688e1-900b-462b-aaf7-4a7824410727 · outbound

This paper cites Unrolling sgd: Understanding factors influencing machine unlearning.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Unrolling sgd: Understanding factors influencing machine unlearning

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.567953Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5c27e179-1ee1-4d22-9484-2bcd52bcfd59 · outbound

This paper cites Continual learning and private unlearning.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Continual learning and private unlearning

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.572032Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2c3d2ba1-6c70-442a-bfd6-e32134e67ebe · outbound

This paper cites TOFU: A Task of Fictitious Unlearning for LLMs.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models TOFU: A Task of Fictitious Unlearning for LLMs

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.575760Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 33e78925-6805-4f91-9c9d-8dc759878a49 · outbound

This paper cites Variational bayesian unlearning.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 33:16025–16036, 2020.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Variational bayesian unlearning.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 33:16025–16036, 2020

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.579524Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a76152dc-5410-480b-ae9e-0c584ed6947a · outbound

This paper cites Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.582973Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 905e01ff-c0e1-495c-b7f4-e35f9621f883 · outbound

This paper cites Efuf: Efficient fine-grained unlearning framework for mitigating hallucinations in multimodal large language models.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Efuf: Efficient fine-grained unlearning framework for mitigating hallucinations in multimodal large language models

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.586591Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e97a8848-9b61-4545-953c-37b56d5ef62a · outbound

This paper cites Cross-modal safety alignment: Is textual unlearning all you need?arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.02575, 2024.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models Cross-modal safety alignment: Is textual unlearning all you need?arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.02575, 2024

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.589964Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9c43be5c-21b5-4d8d-9051-36104c1d7fc1 · outbound

This paper cites fluency_score.

ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models fluency_score

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:20:43.593625Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 14282def-55b9-455e-8fa7-626541181a77 · inbound

Toward Fine-Grained Forgetting:Attribute Unlearning for Multimodal Large Language Models cites this paper.

Toward Fine-Grained Forgetting:Attribute Unlearning for Multimodal Large Language Models ICU-Bench:Benchmarking Continual Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models

Reference 15

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T00:39:53.610829Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.