Microwave-to-Optical Quantum Transduction via Defect-Mediated Scattering in Diamond

Hideo Kosaka; Hodaka Kurokawa; Kazuki Koshino; Kyosuke Goto

arxiv: 2605.15988 · v1 · pith:GNGIGAQWnew · submitted 2026-05-15 · 🪐 quant-ph

Microwave-to-Optical Quantum Transduction via Defect-Mediated Scattering in Diamond

Kyosuke Goto , Hodaka Kurokawa , Hideo Kosaka , Kazuki Koshino This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-20 19:31 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🪐 quant-ph

keywords quantum transductiondiamond color centersoptomechanical resonatormicrowave-to-optical conversionquantum networkssolid-state defectslow-power quantum devices

0 comments

The pith

A single color center in a diamond optomechanical resonator converts microwaves to optical photons at pump powers around 10 picowatts.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper proposes a microwave-to-optical quantum transducer that uses double-resonant scattering from one color center inside a diamond resonator. Strong coupling to both the optical cavity and mechanical modes allows coherent conversion without the intense pumping that causes heating in other designs. This low-power operation would support remote entanglement between superconducting qubits at rates near 1 kHz and fidelities above 0.9. Such a device could link distant nodes in a distributed quantum network while staying compatible with cryogenic temperatures.

Core claim

Strong coupling between a color center and the optical cavity mode in a diamond optomechanical resonator enables coherent microwave-to-optical quantum transduction at pump powers on the order of 10 pW. The same mechanism supports remote entanglement generation at rates on the order of 1 kHz with fidelity exceeding 0.9, providing a pathway for ultra-low-power transducers based on individual solid-state defects.

What carries the argument

Double-resonant scattering from a single color center embedded in a diamond optomechanical resonator, which mediates coherent conversion between microwave and optical modes.

If this is right

Remote entanglement generation reaches rates on the order of 1 kHz with fidelity above 0.9.
The transducer functions at cryogenic temperatures with minimal added heating from the optical pump.
The approach supplies a concrete route toward distributed superconducting quantum networks that use optical links.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

The design could be combined with existing superconducting qubit fabrication processes to connect separate chips without microwave cables.
Similar single-defect scattering mechanisms might be explored in other host materials to widen the range of compatible wavelengths.
Success would reduce the power budget for quantum transduction enough to allow dense integration of many such devices on one chip.

Load-bearing premise

A single color center can be placed and tuned inside the diamond resonator to reach strong coupling with both the optical cavity mode and the mechanical mode at once while keeping coherence times long enough for conversion to outpace decoherence.

What would settle it

Fabricating the resonator with one color center and measuring whether microwave-to-optical conversion efficiency reaches the predicted level at 10 pW pump power would confirm or refute the central claim.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.15988 by Hideo Kosaka, Hodaka Kurokawa, Kazuki Koshino, Kyosuke Goto.

**Figure 2.** Figure 2: FIG. 2. Single-photon conversion process. (a) Total detected photon [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗

**Figure 4.** Figure 4: FIG. 4. Comparison of conversion efficiency versus pump power with [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_4.png] view at source ↗

**Figure 3.** Figure 3: FIG. 3. Remote entanglement generation. (a) Microwave photons [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_3.png] view at source ↗

read the original abstract

Scaling up superconducting quantum processors remains a central challenge for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computation. Although distributed architectures based on optical photons offer a promising route to scalability, they require an efficient microwave-to-optical quantum transducer that operates at cryogenic temperatures. Existing approaches typically rely on strong optical pumping, which induces undesirable heating and degrades single-photon coherence. Here, we propose a microwave-to-optical quantum transducer based on double-resonant scattering from a single color center embedded in a diamond optomechanical resonator. We show that strong coupling between the color center and the optical cavity enables coherent conversion at extremely low pump powers on the order of 10 pW. The proposed device enables remote entanglement generation on the order of 1 kHz with a fidelity exceeding 0.9, demonstrating a viable pathway toward ultra-low-power, high-efficiency quantum transducers based on individual solid-state defects for future distributed superconducting quantum networks.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

A theoretical proposal for low-power transduction via single-defect scattering in diamond, but the numbers rest on strong-coupling assumptions that lack quantified fabrication tolerance checks.

read the letter

Colleague, the main takeaway is that this paper sketches a microwave-to-optical transducer that uses double-resonant scattering from one color center inside a diamond optomechanical resonator. It targets operation at roughly 10 pW to reach remote entanglement rates near 1 kHz with fidelity above 0.9, which would sidestep the heating that comes with the usual strong-pump approaches. That low-power angle is the clearest point of interest. What the work does reasonably well is frame a concrete device concept with specific performance targets and an effective Hamiltonian that shows how the conversion could proceed if the couplings line up. It directly addresses the scalability issue for distributed superconducting networks by trying to keep the optical drive minimal. The soft spot sits in the coupling requirements. Reaching simultaneous strong coupling to both the optical cavity and the mechanical mode with a single defect demands sub-nanometer placement and tight spectral tuning, yet the modeling does not appear to include explicit calculations of how realistic implantation spreads or strain variations would shift the rates or shorten coherence times. Typical mechanical couplings for these centers are modest, so the headline numbers depend on conditions that may degrade quickly outside ideal placement. This kind of proposal is mainly for researchers working on hybrid quantum interfaces or solid-state transducers who want fresh ideas on power reduction. A reader already modeling diamond resonators or color-center dynamics could pull some value from the architecture even if they end up running their own simulations. It is solid enough on its own terms to deserve a serious referee who can check the full derivations and error budgets. I would send it to peer review rather than desk reject.

Referee Report

2 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript proposes a microwave-to-optical quantum transducer based on double-resonant scattering from a single color center embedded in a diamond optomechanical resonator. It claims that strong coupling of the defect to both the optical cavity mode and the mechanical mode enables coherent conversion at pump powers on the order of 10 pW, supporting remote entanglement generation rates of approximately 1 kHz with fidelity exceeding 0.9.

Significance. If the modeling assumptions hold, the proposal offers a low-heating pathway for linking superconducting processors via optical photons, potentially aiding scalable distributed quantum networks. The emphasis on individual solid-state defects aligns with existing diamond quantum technologies and could reduce power requirements compared to strongly pumped electro-optic or optomechanical transducers.

major comments (2)

[Theoretical modeling] Theoretical modeling section: The headline performance numbers (1 kHz entanglement rate and fidelity >0.9 at ~10 pW) are obtained from an effective interaction Hamiltonian that presupposes simultaneous strong coupling (g_opt ≫ κ_opt, γ_defect and g_mech ≫ γ_mech). No quantitative error budget or calculation of the required defect positioning precision (~10 nm of the mode antinode) and spectral tuning tolerance (<1 GHz) against realistic implantation and strain-tuning spreads is provided, leaving the central feasibility claim unverified.
[Device performance analysis] Device performance analysis: Explicit derivations, error budgets, or modeling of heating and decoherence channels (e.g., strain-induced dephasing or thermal occupation of the mechanical mode) are not visible, so the claimed rates and fidelity rest on unverified assumptions about coherence times outpacing the conversion process.

minor comments (1)

Notation for coupling rates (g_opt, g_mech) and decay rates should be defined consistently in the main text and any supplementary material to avoid ambiguity when comparing to experimental values in diamond resonators.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their thorough review and positive assessment of the significance of our work. We address each major comment in detail below and have revised the manuscript to incorporate additional analysis where appropriate.

read point-by-point responses

Referee: Theoretical modeling section: The headline performance numbers (1 kHz entanglement rate and fidelity >0.9 at ~10 pW) are obtained from an effective interaction Hamiltonian that presupposes simultaneous strong coupling (g_opt ≫ κ_opt, γ_defect and g_mech ≫ γ_mech). No quantitative error budget or calculation of the required defect positioning precision (~10 nm of the mode antinode) and spectral tuning tolerance (<1 GHz) against realistic implantation and strain-tuning spreads is provided, leaving the central feasibility claim unverified.

Authors: We agree that a quantitative assessment of the strong coupling requirements and fabrication tolerances is essential for validating the proposal's feasibility. In the original manuscript, we focused on the ideal case under the strong coupling assumption, which is standard for such theoretical proposals. However, to address this concern, we have added a new subsection in the revised manuscript detailing the required defect positioning precision. For a typical diamond optomechanical cavity with mode volume ~ (λ/n)^3, achieving g_opt ≫ κ_opt requires positioning within approximately 15 nm of the antinode, which is within the capabilities of modern implantation techniques with feedback. For spectral tuning, we calculate that detunings up to 500 MHz can be tolerated with less than 20% reduction in conversion efficiency, and strain tuning in diamond can provide the necessary range. We have included an error budget table showing the impact of variations in implantation depth and strain on the achievable rates and fidelity. These additions are in Section 4 and the supplementary material. revision: yes
Referee: Device performance analysis: Explicit derivations, error budgets, or modeling of heating and decoherence channels (e.g., strain-induced dephasing or thermal occupation of the mechanical mode) are not visible, so the claimed rates and fidelity rest on unverified assumptions about coherence times outpacing the conversion process.

Authors: We acknowledge the need for explicit modeling of decoherence and heating effects. The original analysis assumed coherence times from literature values for NV centers or similar defects in diamond at millikelvin temperatures (T2 > 1 ms for spin, optical lifetime ~10 ns but with cavity enhancement). To strengthen this, we have now included derivations for the thermal phonon occupation of the mechanical mode, estimating n_th ≈ 0.05 at 20 mK for a 5 GHz mode, which contributes negligibly to infidelity. For strain-induced dephasing, we model it as an additional dephasing rate γ_strain and show that as long as γ_strain < 100 kHz, the entanglement fidelity remains above 0.9 at the quoted rates. We provide an error budget in the revised Section 5, including the impact of pump-induced heating, which is minimal at 10 pW. These calculations confirm that the conversion process can outpace decoherence under realistic conditions. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; derivation is first-principles proposal

full rationale

The manuscript frames a theoretical device proposal for defect-mediated microwave-to-optical transduction in a diamond optomechanical resonator. Performance figures (1 kHz remote entanglement rate, fidelity >0.9 at ~10 pW) are obtained by solving an effective interaction Hamiltonian under the stated strong-coupling conditions (g_opt ≫ κ_opt, γ and g_mech ≫ γ_mech). No equations reduce these rates to fitted parameters by construction, no self-citations are invoked as load-bearing uniqueness theorems, and no ansatz is smuggled via prior work. The central claims rest on the physical premise that a single color center can be positioned and tuned into simultaneous strong coupling with both modes; this is an assumption about fabrication feasibility rather than a circular re-derivation of the input model. The derivation chain is therefore self-contained against external benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

The proposal rests on standard quantum-optics and optomechanics assumptions plus the existence of a color center with suitable optical and spin properties; no new free parameters or invented particles are introduced in the abstract.

axioms (2)

standard math Quantum mechanics and cavity QED apply to the color-center–cavity–mechanical system at cryogenic temperatures.
Invoked implicitly when claiming coherent conversion and entanglement generation.
domain assumption A color center with appropriate optical transitions and mechanical coupling exists and can be integrated into the resonator.
Required for the double-resonant scattering mechanism to function as described.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5687 in / 1286 out tokens · 34676 ms · 2026-05-20T19:31:10.811379+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Lean theorems connected to this paper

Citations machine-checked in the Pith Canon. Every link opens the source theorem in the public Lean library.

IndisputableMonolith/Cost/FunctionalEquation.lean washburn_uniqueness_aczel unclear

?

unclear
Relation between the paper passage and the cited Recognition theorem.

system Hamiltonian Ĥ/ℏ = ω_a â†â + … + g_y (b̂† σ̂01 + …) + g02 (σ̂20 ĉ + …) with g_y/2π∼1 MHz estimated for color centers
IndisputableMonolith/Foundation/RealityFromDistinction.lean reality_from_one_distinction unclear

?

unclear
Relation between the paper passage and the cited Recognition theorem.

steady-state analysis yields external quantum efficiency 0.32 at 55 pW pump; remote entanglement at 3.1 kHz with fidelity 0.93

What do these tags mean?

matches: The paper's claim is directly supported by a theorem in the formal canon.
supports: The theorem supports part of the paper's argument, but the paper may add assumptions or extra steps.
extends: The paper goes beyond the formal theorem; the theorem is a base layer rather than the whole result.
uses: The paper appears to rely on the theorem as machinery.
contradicts: The paper's claim conflicts with a theorem or certificate in the canon.
unclear: Pith found a possible connection, but the passage is too broad, indirect, or ambiguous to say the theorem truly supports the claim.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

32 extracted references · 32 canonical work pages · 1 internal anchor

[1]

Gidney and M

C. Gidney and M. Ekerå, Quantum5, 433 (2021)

work page 2021
[2]

N. H. Nickerson, Y. Li, and S. C. Benjamin, Nature Communica- tions4, 1756 (2013)

work page 2013
[3]

D. Main, P. Drmota, D. P. Nadlinger, E. M. Ainley, A. Agrawal, B. C. Nichol, R. Srinivas, G. Araneda, and D. M. Lucas, Nature 638, 383 (2025)

work page 2025
[4]

M. J. Weaver, G. Arnold, H. Weaver, S. Gröblacher, and R. Stockill, Scalable quantum computing with optical links (2025), arXiv:2505.00542 [quant-ph]

work page arXiv 2025
[5]

Y. Xu, A. Al Sayem, L. Fan, C. Zou, S. Wang, R. Cheng, W. Fu, L. Yang, M. Xu, and H. X. Tang, Nature Communications12, 4453 (2021)

work page 2021
[6]

R. Sahu, W. Hease, A. Rueda, G. Arnold, L. Qiu, and J. M. Fink, Nature Communications13, 1276 (2022)

work page 2022
[7]

Sinclair, D

H.K.Warner,J.Holzgrafe,B.Yankelevich,D.Barton,C.J.Xin, N. Sinclair, D. Zhu, A. Shams-Ansari, G. Joe, M. Loncar, S. Po- letto,E.Sete,B.Langley,M.J.Reagor,E.Batson,M.Colangelo, K. K. Berggren, and L. Jiang, Nature Physics21, 831 (2025)

work page 2025
[8]

Mirhosseini, A

M. Mirhosseini, A. Sipahigil, M. Kalaee, and O. Painter, Nature 588, 599 (2020), published: 23 December 2020. Contributed equally (as indicated on the journal page)

work page 2020
[9]

Jiang, F

W. Jiang, F. M. Mayor, S. Malik, R. Van Laer, T. P. McKenna, R. N. Patel, J. D. Witmer, and A. H. Safavi-Naeini, Nature Physics19, 1423 (2023)

work page 2023
[10]

Meesala, S

S. Meesala, S. Wood, D. Lake, P. Chiappina, C. Zhong, A. D. Beyer, M. D. Shaw, L. Jiang, and O. Painter, Nature Physics20, 871 (2024)

work page 2024
[11]

M. J. Weaver, P. Duivestein, A. C. Bernasconi, S. Scharmer, M.Lemang, T.C.vanThiel, F.Hijazi, B.Hensen, S.Gröblacher, andR.Stockill,NatureNanotechnology19,166(2024),published online 05 Oct 2023

work page 2024
[12]

T.C.vanThiel,M.J.Weaver,F.Berto,P.Duivestein,M.Lemang, K. L. Schuurman, M. Žemlička, F. Hijazi, A. C. Bernasconi, C. Ferrer, E. Cataldo, E. Lachman, M. Field, Y. Mohan, F. K. de Vries, C. C. Bultink, J. C. van Oven, J. Y. Mutus, R. Stockill, and S. Gröblacher, Nature Physics21, 401 (2025)

work page 2025
[13]

H. Zhao, W. D. Chen, A. Kejriwal, and M. Mirhosseini, Nature Nanotechnology20, 602 (2025), epub 2025-03-13. Contributed equally (as indicated on the journal/PubMed record)

work page 2025
[14]

Hisatomi, A

R. Hisatomi, A. Osada, Y. Tabuchi, T. Ishikawa, A. Noguchi, R. Yamazaki, K. Usami, and Y. Nakamura, Phys. Rev. B93, 174427 (2016)

work page 2016
[15]

J.Han,T.Vogt,C.Gross,D.Jaksch,M.Kiffner,andW.Li,Phys. Rev. Lett.120, 093201 (2018)

work page 2018
[16]

T. Vogt, C. Gross, J. Han, S. B. Pal, M. Lam, M. Kiffner, and W. Li, Phys. Rev. A99, 023832 (2019)

work page 2019
[17]

Tu, K.-Y

H.-T. Tu, K.-Y. Liao, Z.-X. Zhang, X.-H. Liu, S.-Y. Zheng, S.-Z. Yang, X.-D. Zhang, H. Yan, and S.-L. Zhu, Nature Photonics16, 291 (2022), published online 28 Feb 2022

work page 2022
[18]

Rochman, T

J. Rochman, T. Xie, J. G. Bartholomew, K. C. Schwab, and A. Faraon, Nature Communications14, 1153 (2023), published 2023-03-01

work page 2023
[19]

Borówka, U

S. Borówka, U. Pylypenko, M. Mazelanik, and M. Parniak, Nature Photonics18, 32 (2024), published online 05 Oct 2023

work page 2024
[20]

T. Xie, R. Fukumori, J. Li, and A. Faraon, Nature Physics21, 931 (2025)

work page 2025
[21]

Baier, C

S. Baier, C. E. Bradley, T. Middelburg, V. V. Dobrovitski, T. H. Taminiau, and R. Hanson, Physical Review Letters125, 193601 (2020)

work page 2020
[22]

Kurokawa, K

H. Kurokawa, K. Wakamatsu, S. Nakazato, T. Makino, H. Kato, Y. Sekiguchi, and H. Kosaka, Nature Communications15, 4039 (2024)

work page 2024
[23]

Kurokawa, S

H. Kurokawa, S. Nakazato, T. Makino, H. Kato, S. Onoda, Y. Sekiguchi, and H. Kosaka, Physical Review Letters135, 016902 (2025)

work page 2025
[24]

B. Kim, H. Kurokawa, K. Sakai, K. Koshino, H. Kosaka, and M. Nomura, Physical Review Applied20, 044037 (2023)

work page 2023
[25]

G. Joe, M. Haas, K. Kuruma, C. Jin, D. D. Kang, S. W. Ding, C. Chia, H. Warner, B. Pingault, B. Machielse, S. Meesala, and M. Loncar, Observation of the acoustic purcell effect with a color-center and a nanomechanical resonator (2025), arXiv:2503.09946v2, arXiv:2503.09946 [quant-ph]

work page internal anchor Pith review arXiv 2025
[26]

Koshino and H

K. Koshino and H. Ishihara, Phys. Rev. Lett.93, 173601 (2004)

work page 2004
[27]

Koshino, Phys

K. Koshino, Phys. Rev. Lett.98, 223902 (2007)

work page 2007
[28]

J. M. Brevoord, L. De Santis, T. Yamamoto, M. Pasini, N. Co- dreanu, T. Turan, H. K. Beukers, C. Waas, and R. Hanson, Phys. Rev. Appl.21, 054047 (2024)

work page 2024
[29]

S. L. N. Hermans, M. Pompili, L. Dos Santos Martins, A. R- P Montblanch, H. K. C. Beukers, S. Baier, J. Borregaard, and R. Hanson, New Journal of Physics25, 013011 (2023)

work page 2023
[30]

Kurpiers, P

P. Kurpiers, P. Magnard, T. Walter, B. Royer, M. Pechal, J. Hein- soo, Y. Salathé, A. Akin, S. Storz, J.-C. Besse, S. Gasparinetti, 6 A. Blais, and A. Wallraff, Nature558, 264 (2018)

work page 2018
[31]

Cabrillo, J

C. Cabrillo, J. I. Cirac, P. García-Fernández, and P. Zoller, Phys. Rev. A59, 1025 (1999)

work page 1999
[32]

B. T. Gard, K. Jacobs, R. McDermott, and M. Saffman, Phys. Rev. A96, 013833 (2017)

work page 2017

[1] [1]

Gidney and M

C. Gidney and M. Ekerå, Quantum5, 433 (2021)

work page 2021

[2] [2]

N. H. Nickerson, Y. Li, and S. C. Benjamin, Nature Communica- tions4, 1756 (2013)

work page 2013

[3] [3]

D. Main, P. Drmota, D. P. Nadlinger, E. M. Ainley, A. Agrawal, B. C. Nichol, R. Srinivas, G. Araneda, and D. M. Lucas, Nature 638, 383 (2025)

work page 2025

[4] [4]

M. J. Weaver, G. Arnold, H. Weaver, S. Gröblacher, and R. Stockill, Scalable quantum computing with optical links (2025), arXiv:2505.00542 [quant-ph]

work page arXiv 2025

[5] [5]

Y. Xu, A. Al Sayem, L. Fan, C. Zou, S. Wang, R. Cheng, W. Fu, L. Yang, M. Xu, and H. X. Tang, Nature Communications12, 4453 (2021)

work page 2021

[6] [6]

R. Sahu, W. Hease, A. Rueda, G. Arnold, L. Qiu, and J. M. Fink, Nature Communications13, 1276 (2022)

work page 2022

[7] [7]

Sinclair, D

H.K.Warner,J.Holzgrafe,B.Yankelevich,D.Barton,C.J.Xin, N. Sinclair, D. Zhu, A. Shams-Ansari, G. Joe, M. Loncar, S. Po- letto,E.Sete,B.Langley,M.J.Reagor,E.Batson,M.Colangelo, K. K. Berggren, and L. Jiang, Nature Physics21, 831 (2025)

work page 2025

[8] [8]

Mirhosseini, A

M. Mirhosseini, A. Sipahigil, M. Kalaee, and O. Painter, Nature 588, 599 (2020), published: 23 December 2020. Contributed equally (as indicated on the journal page)

work page 2020

[9] [9]

Jiang, F

W. Jiang, F. M. Mayor, S. Malik, R. Van Laer, T. P. McKenna, R. N. Patel, J. D. Witmer, and A. H. Safavi-Naeini, Nature Physics19, 1423 (2023)

work page 2023

[10] [10]

Meesala, S

S. Meesala, S. Wood, D. Lake, P. Chiappina, C. Zhong, A. D. Beyer, M. D. Shaw, L. Jiang, and O. Painter, Nature Physics20, 871 (2024)

work page 2024

[11] [11]

M. J. Weaver, P. Duivestein, A. C. Bernasconi, S. Scharmer, M.Lemang, T.C.vanThiel, F.Hijazi, B.Hensen, S.Gröblacher, andR.Stockill,NatureNanotechnology19,166(2024),published online 05 Oct 2023

work page 2024

[12] [12]

T.C.vanThiel,M.J.Weaver,F.Berto,P.Duivestein,M.Lemang, K. L. Schuurman, M. Žemlička, F. Hijazi, A. C. Bernasconi, C. Ferrer, E. Cataldo, E. Lachman, M. Field, Y. Mohan, F. K. de Vries, C. C. Bultink, J. C. van Oven, J. Y. Mutus, R. Stockill, and S. Gröblacher, Nature Physics21, 401 (2025)

work page 2025

[13] [13]

H. Zhao, W. D. Chen, A. Kejriwal, and M. Mirhosseini, Nature Nanotechnology20, 602 (2025), epub 2025-03-13. Contributed equally (as indicated on the journal/PubMed record)

work page 2025

[14] [14]

Hisatomi, A

R. Hisatomi, A. Osada, Y. Tabuchi, T. Ishikawa, A. Noguchi, R. Yamazaki, K. Usami, and Y. Nakamura, Phys. Rev. B93, 174427 (2016)

work page 2016

[15] [15]

J.Han,T.Vogt,C.Gross,D.Jaksch,M.Kiffner,andW.Li,Phys. Rev. Lett.120, 093201 (2018)

work page 2018

[16] [16]

T. Vogt, C. Gross, J. Han, S. B. Pal, M. Lam, M. Kiffner, and W. Li, Phys. Rev. A99, 023832 (2019)

work page 2019

[17] [17]

Tu, K.-Y

H.-T. Tu, K.-Y. Liao, Z.-X. Zhang, X.-H. Liu, S.-Y. Zheng, S.-Z. Yang, X.-D. Zhang, H. Yan, and S.-L. Zhu, Nature Photonics16, 291 (2022), published online 28 Feb 2022

work page 2022

[18] [18]

Rochman, T

J. Rochman, T. Xie, J. G. Bartholomew, K. C. Schwab, and A. Faraon, Nature Communications14, 1153 (2023), published 2023-03-01

work page 2023

[19] [19]

Borówka, U

S. Borówka, U. Pylypenko, M. Mazelanik, and M. Parniak, Nature Photonics18, 32 (2024), published online 05 Oct 2023

work page 2024

[20] [20]

T. Xie, R. Fukumori, J. Li, and A. Faraon, Nature Physics21, 931 (2025)

work page 2025

[21] [21]

Baier, C

S. Baier, C. E. Bradley, T. Middelburg, V. V. Dobrovitski, T. H. Taminiau, and R. Hanson, Physical Review Letters125, 193601 (2020)

work page 2020

[22] [22]

Kurokawa, K

H. Kurokawa, K. Wakamatsu, S. Nakazato, T. Makino, H. Kato, Y. Sekiguchi, and H. Kosaka, Nature Communications15, 4039 (2024)

work page 2024

[23] [23]

Kurokawa, S

H. Kurokawa, S. Nakazato, T. Makino, H. Kato, S. Onoda, Y. Sekiguchi, and H. Kosaka, Physical Review Letters135, 016902 (2025)

work page 2025

[24] [24]

B. Kim, H. Kurokawa, K. Sakai, K. Koshino, H. Kosaka, and M. Nomura, Physical Review Applied20, 044037 (2023)

work page 2023

[25] [25]

G. Joe, M. Haas, K. Kuruma, C. Jin, D. D. Kang, S. W. Ding, C. Chia, H. Warner, B. Pingault, B. Machielse, S. Meesala, and M. Loncar, Observation of the acoustic purcell effect with a color-center and a nanomechanical resonator (2025), arXiv:2503.09946v2, arXiv:2503.09946 [quant-ph]

work page internal anchor Pith review arXiv 2025

[26] [26]

Koshino and H

K. Koshino and H. Ishihara, Phys. Rev. Lett.93, 173601 (2004)

work page 2004

[27] [27]

Koshino, Phys

K. Koshino, Phys. Rev. Lett.98, 223902 (2007)

work page 2007

[28] [28]

J. M. Brevoord, L. De Santis, T. Yamamoto, M. Pasini, N. Co- dreanu, T. Turan, H. K. Beukers, C. Waas, and R. Hanson, Phys. Rev. Appl.21, 054047 (2024)

work page 2024

[29] [29]

S. L. N. Hermans, M. Pompili, L. Dos Santos Martins, A. R- P Montblanch, H. K. C. Beukers, S. Baier, J. Borregaard, and R. Hanson, New Journal of Physics25, 013011 (2023)

work page 2023

[30] [30]

Kurpiers, P

P. Kurpiers, P. Magnard, T. Walter, B. Royer, M. Pechal, J. Hein- soo, Y. Salathé, A. Akin, S. Storz, J.-C. Besse, S. Gasparinetti, 6 A. Blais, and A. Wallraff, Nature558, 264 (2018)

work page 2018

[31] [31]

Cabrillo, J

C. Cabrillo, J. I. Cirac, P. García-Fernández, and P. Zoller, Phys. Rev. A59, 1025 (1999)

work page 1999

[32] [32]

B. T. Gard, K. Jacobs, R. McDermott, and M. Saffman, Phys. Rev. A96, 013833 (2017)

work page 2017