NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding | Paper Citation Record

Observation 9199c45d-4f2d-41a9-8118-0504e10ba70e · outbound

This paper cites Prediction of ad with mri-based hippocampal volume in mild cognitive impairment.Neurology, 52(7):1397–1397.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Prediction of ad with mri-based hippocampal volume in mild cognitive impairment.Neurology, 52(7):1397–1397

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.182162Z

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Observation 8116a86e-8e6a-4ac1-b0d1-511bfebe1377 · outbound

This paper cites Brain age and other bodily ‘ages’: implications for neuropsychiatry.Molecular psychiatry, 24(2):266–281.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Brain age and other bodily ‘ages’: implications for neuropsychiatry.Molecular psychiatry, 24(2):266–281

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.268955Z

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Observation dbf1b153-7711-4409-8296-288b8158a0ab · outbound

This paper cites White matter hyperintensities and imaging patterns of brain ageing in the general population.Brain, 139(4):1164–1179.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding White matter hyperintensities and imaging patterns of brain ageing in the general population.Brain, 139(4):1164–1179

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.299558Z

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Observation 75f1ee85-22f7-496e-a01a-b16119b46b2e · outbound

This paper cites Longitudinal brain volume changes in major depressive disorder.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Longitudinal brain volume changes in major depressive disorder

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.167844Z

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Observation fd2c40a9-aed1-41e9-89c3-dbde588e8e37 · outbound

This paper cites Mapping cortical brain asymmetry in 17,141 healthy individuals worldwide via the enigma consortium.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Mapping cortical brain asymmetry in 17,141 healthy individuals worldwide via the enigma consortium

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.296335Z

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Observation f36639f1-0692-4635-9f6b-0076bd9620d2 · outbound

This paper cites Foundation models for generalist medical artificial intelligence.Nature, 616 (7956):259–265.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Foundation models for generalist medical artificial intelligence.Nature, 616 (7956):259–265

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.201543Z

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Observation 066ddb3c-2011-44b8-9cf3-4cae0d12c4f8 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 7

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.755574Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation f71254a1-5913-4b08-a57c-bdebecd0ce0d · outbound

This paper cites Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.758480Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 2c97123b-8db4-44c1-986d-b1abe8f55b89 · outbound

This paper cites A dataset of clinically generated visual questions and answers about radiology images.Scientific data, 5(1):180251.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding A dataset of clinically generated visual questions and answers about radiology images.Scientific data, 5(1):180251

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.165116Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation d5a99bf7-6aa0-4435-9e8c-e1a6c8f36514 · outbound

This paper cites PathVQA: 30000+ Questions for Medical Visual Question Answering.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding PathVQA: 30000+ Questions for Medical Visual Question Answering

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.797893Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 8b9f5499-276e-4540-a6e7-6f1c526aecfa · outbound

This paper cites Rexvqa: A large-scale visual question answering benchmark for generalist chest x-ray understanding.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Rexvqa: A large-scale visual question answering benchmark for generalist chest x-ray understanding

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.249613Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation b32b4855-3fe7-4f9f-9aac-37a8c3164bc0 · outbound

This paper cites Aofei Chang, Le Huang, Parminder Bhatia, Taha Kass-Hout, Fenglong Ma, and Cao Xiao.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Aofei Chang, Le Huang, Parminder Bhatia, Taha Kass-Hout, Fenglong Ma, and Cao Xiao

Reference 12

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.777855Z

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Observation 13d72131-d1e5-4806-8359-4669a6168d5e · outbound

This paper cites Don’t just assume; look and answer: Overcoming priors for visual question answering.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Don’t just assume; look and answer: Overcoming priors for visual question answering

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.286992Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 49f4fe04-0a2f-4453-813b-743c3334be12 · outbound

This paper cites A multimodal llm approach for visual question answering on multiparametric 3d brain mri.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding A multimodal llm approach for visual question answering on multiparametric 3d brain mri

Reference 14

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.752275Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation e0269b12-7766-4f1f-a10f-88a6dbb98f3e · outbound

This paper cites Enhancing vision-language models for medical imaging: bridging the 3d gap with innovative slice selection.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37:99947–99964.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Enhancing vision-language models for medical imaging: bridging the 3d gap with innovative slice selection.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37:99947–99964

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.293096Z

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Observation c88771f1-6a0e-447a-8a37-85a37391c5db · outbound

This paper cites Omnibrainbench: A comprehensive multimodal benchmark for brain imaging analysis across multi-stage clinical tasks.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Omnibrainbench: A comprehensive multimodal benchmark for brain imaging analysis across multi-stage clinical tasks

Reference 16

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.819724Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation e30b85b5-f189-4b19-8221-f5dec919b836 · outbound

This paper cites Making the v in vqa matter: Elevating the role of image understanding in visual question answering.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Making the v in vqa matter: Elevating the role of image understanding in visual question answering

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.210859Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation e86be13d-5d84-4660-8afb-dfadacfbb003 · outbound

This paper cites An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on mri scans into gyral based regions of interest.Neuroimage, 31(3):968–980.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on mri scans into gyral based regions of interest.Neuroimage, 31(3):968–980

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.274837Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 50af9eae-80cb-406b-86a4-50a896c383ad · outbound

This paper cites Slake: A semantically-labeled knowledge-enhanced dataset for medical visual question answering.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Slake: A semantically-labeled knowledge-enhanced dataset for medical visual question answering

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.185071Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 493a268d-ac6c-4cfb-a15c-946a74534c88 · outbound

This paper cites Mimic-ext-mimic-cxr-vqa: a complex, diverse, and large-scale visual question answering dataset for chest x-ray images.PhysioNet.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Mimic-ext-mimic-cxr-vqa: a complex, diverse, and large-scale visual question answering dataset for chest x-ray images.PhysioNet

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.236882Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 00fd5f25-7cec-432f-8100-cd123d087a26 · outbound

This paper cites Vqa-med: Overview of the medical visual question answering task at imageclef 2019.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Vqa-med: Overview of the medical visual question answering task at imageclef 2019

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.284079Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation ae45f020-7c0a-48a8-99a9-2dc3f0c2994f · outbound

This paper cites Overview of the vqa-med task at imageclef 2021: Visual question answering and generation in the medical domain.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Overview of the vqa-med task at imageclef 2021: Visual question answering and generation in the medical domain

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.170957Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 8398cf09-c889-418b-b45d-355b890454b2 · outbound

This paper cites Microvqa++: High-quality microscopy reasoning dataset with weakly supervised graphs for multimodal large language model.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Microvqa++: High-quality microscopy reasoning dataset with weakly supervised graphs for multimodal large language model

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.804910Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 2fd81240-bcd6-4966-8979-efe6a3ef7ffb · outbound

This paper cites PMC-VQA: Visual Instruction Tuning for Medical Visual Question Answering.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding PMC-VQA: Visual Instruction Tuning for Medical Visual Question Answering

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.808218Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation e86bf43f-c538-4fba-8b04-fd30c6947cd4 · outbound

This paper cites Gemex: A large-scale, groundable, and explainable medical vqa benchmark for chest x-ray diagnosis.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Gemex: A large-scale, groundable, and explainable medical vqa benchmark for chest x-ray diagnosis

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.155779Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 33e9182b-8544-4f99-8121-9d884276b0b6 · outbound

This paper cites MedXpertQA: Benchmarking Expert-Level Medical Reasoning and Understanding.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding MedXpertQA: Benchmarking Expert-Level Medical Reasoning and Understanding

Reference 26

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.784825Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation bcd3a72e-f96d-4a01-93db-624b2aa48969 · outbound

This paper cites Radqa: A question answering dataset to improve comprehension of radiology reports.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Radqa: A question answering dataset to improve comprehension of radiology reports

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.173923Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation b0362f04-ed29-4328-ab33-ae3e56772e99 · outbound

This paper cites Medicaldiff-vqa: a large-scale medical dataset for difference visual question answering on chest x-ray images.PhysioNet, 12:13.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Medicaldiff-vqa: a large-scale medical dataset for difference visual question answering on chest x-ray images.PhysioNet, 12:13

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.131731Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation c93c1a6b-7cfb-4181-9647-7625bf6ca1c9 · outbound

This paper cites Lumen: Longitudinal multi-modal radiology model for prognosis and diagnosis.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Lumen: Longitudinal multi-modal radiology model for prognosis and diagnosis

Reference 29

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.794674Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 88b9f437-b9de-4cd3-97b2-d4a3caa3595a · outbound

This paper cites Shortcut learning in deep neural networks.Nature Machine Intelligence, 2(11):665–673.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Shortcut learning in deep neural networks.Nature Machine Intelligence, 2(11):665–673

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.150340Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation a942546f-e4d5-4ac5-b860-6320df1f52ec · outbound

This paper cites Visual hallucinations of multi-modal large language models.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Visual hallucinations of multi-modal large language models

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.277924Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation bd33d3b2-121d-4ba5-a13d-5f868176ae48 · outbound

This paper cites Flamingo: a visual language model for few-shot learning.Advances in neural information processing systems, 35:23716–23736.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Flamingo: a visual language model for few-shot learning.Advances in neural information processing systems, 35:23716–23736

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.135002Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation f6104d50-0f21-4878-85dc-79c44f40fe38 · outbound

This paper cites Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.137837Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation b8c92a6d-1979-4730-84fd-b061a389ffe1 · outbound

This paper cites Large language models encode clinical knowledge.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Large language models encode clinical knowledge

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.204556Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation c664c465-cdbb-4d13-9c24-80aef423b88b · outbound

This paper cites Mm-neuroonco: A multimodal benchmark and instruction dataset for mri-based brain tumor diagnosis.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Mm-neuroonco: A multimodal benchmark and instruction dataset for mri-based brain tumor diagnosis

Reference 35

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.791253Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation f4ee5bf6-ee80-4249-a2cd-cb760af03bf1 · outbound

This paper cites 3d-rad: A comprehensive 3d radiology med-vqa dataset with multi-temporal analysis and diverse diagnostic tasks.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding 3d-rad: A comprehensive 3d radiology med-vqa dataset with multi-temporal analysis and diverse diagnostic tasks

Reference 36

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.801695Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation e443a50c-dd76-40de-820b-a4a200b7bcd6 · outbound

This paper cites The claude 3 model family: Opus, sonnet, haiku.Technical Report.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding The claude 3 model family: Opus, sonnet, haiku.Technical Report

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.143423Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 12401985-d957-40aa-814f-9ef8f7151218 · outbound

This paper cites Visual instruction tuning.Advances in neural information processing systems, 36:34892–34916.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Visual instruction tuning.Advances in neural information processing systems, 36:34892–34916

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.146859Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation a6ace952-1204-4076-b4b5-32e157a575a1 · outbound

This paper cites Llava-med: Training a large language-and-vision assistant for biomedicine in one day.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36:28541–28564.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Llava-med: Training a large language-and-vision assistant for biomedicine in one day.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36:28541–28564

Reference 39

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.158919Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 79a11173-58a9-49b9-bb95-76885886a6fb · outbound

This paper cites MedGemma Technical Report.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding MedGemma Technical Report

Reference 40

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.787745Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 29462055-301d-4164-93dc-674d5992a57c · outbound

This paper cites Towards generalist biomedical ai.Nejm Ai, 1(3): AIoa2300138.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Towards generalist biomedical ai.Nejm Ai, 1(3): AIoa2300138

Reference 41

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.198878Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 9983bc6b-3ace-4ab1-8202-cceffc9a07d1 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution

Reference 42

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.764652Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 3ccc4c51-bea1-4fee-8e97-e5de2f5bc4fc · outbound

This paper cites BiomedCLIP: a multimodal biomedical foundation model pretrained from fifteen million scientific image-text pairs.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding BiomedCLIP: a multimodal biomedical foundation model pretrained from fifteen million scientific image-text pairs

Reference 43

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.824001Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 3677f857-2551-467d-8867-a9b0271e0562 · outbound

This paper cites Can Generalist Foundation Models Outcompete Special-Purpose Tuning? Case Study in Medicine.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Can Generalist Foundation Models Outcompete Special-Purpose Tuning? Case Study in Medicine

Reference 44

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.811730Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 5bc7cde9-5153-4b8f-a071-a38d8c86766e · outbound

This paper cites Brain-jepa: Brain dynamics foundation model with gradient positioning and spatiotemporal masking.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37:86048– 86073.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Brain-jepa: Brain dynamics foundation model with gradient positioning and spatiotemporal masking.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37:86048– 86073

Reference 45

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.289993Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation de839ee6-baeb-4341-aaac-518a1a8f8f9f · outbound

This paper cites BrainCLIP: Bridging Brain and Visual-Linguistic Representation Via CLIP for Generic Natural Visual Stimulus Decoding.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding BrainCLIP: Bridging Brain and Visual-Linguistic Representation Via CLIP for Generic Natural Visual Stimulus Decoding

Reference 46

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.815674Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 5de1c178-1677-46b1-b6c4-a16b7d81e23f · outbound

This paper cites GeoSAE: Geometric Prior-Guided Layer-Wise Sparse Autoencoder Annotation of Brain MRI Foundation Models.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding GeoSAE: Geometric Prior-Guided Layer-Wise Sparse Autoencoder Annotation of Brain MRI Foundation Models

Reference 47

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.828497Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 23755975-21ea-499d-ad67-d84841a7cc19 · outbound

This paper cites Unbiased nonlinear average age-appropriate brain templates from birth to adulthood.NeuroImage, 47:S102.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Unbiased nonlinear average age-appropriate brain templates from birth to adulthood.NeuroImage, 47:S102

Reference 48

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.302298Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 097895b4-9b7f-4293-aff1-91b8458bf502 · outbound

This paper cites Freesurfer.Neuroimage, 62(2):774–781.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Freesurfer.Neuroimage, 62(2):774–781

Reference 49

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.196019Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation cd58b2d1-e58f-4492-b9c5-561841e8168f · outbound

This paper cites AutoRG-Brain: Grounded Report Generation for Brain MRI.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding AutoRG-Brain: Grounded Report Generation for Brain MRI

Reference 50

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.771035Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 5ef446d5-6f71-4594-8f48-b8008828a88d · outbound

This paper cites The clinical dementia rating (cdr) current version and scoring rules.Neurology, 43(11): 2412–2412.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding The clinical dementia rating (cdr) current version and scoring rules.Neurology, 43(11): 2412–2412

Reference 51

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.153106Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 1520bc34-9417-431d-9fa4-2f45b8daa7f3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.190575Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 2f415e68-2db6-4562-8a62-0a8935472de4 · outbound

This paper cites Data-driven discovery of movement-linked heterogeneity in neurodegenerative diseases.Nature machine intelligence, 6(9):1034–1045.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Data-driven discovery of movement-linked heterogeneity in neurodegenerative diseases.Nature machine intelligence, 6(9):1034–1045

Reference 53

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.128967Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation c57392e3-9ded-48c5-b7ae-04b61771f6c9 · outbound

This paper cites Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative (adni) clinical characterization.Neurology, 74(3):201–209.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative (adni) clinical characterization.Neurology, 74(3):201–209

Reference 54

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.162241Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation c19c2b8d-5931-4ea1-afd9-baaa69a29b4e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 55

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.193214Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 41bdeaaf-c5aa-40be-be04-9d8576f8e07d · outbound

This paper cites The parkinson progression marker initiative (ppmi).Progress in neurobiology, 95(4):629–635.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding The parkinson progression marker initiative (ppmi).Progress in neurobiology, 95(4):629–635

Reference 56

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.126053Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 945701e7-01a6-4118-870b-7b729d8a975d · outbound

This paper cites The RSNA-ASNR-MICCAI BraTS 2021 Benchmark on Brain Tumor Segmentation and Radiogenomic Classification.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding The RSNA-ASNR-MICCAI BraTS 2021 Benchmark on Brain Tumor Segmentation and Radiogenomic Classification

Reference 57

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.781535Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 71869509-487f-4272-a2d3-1f5a160c0246 · outbound

This paper cites The 2024 brain tumor segmentation challenge meningioma radiotherapy (brats-men-rt) dataset.Scientific Data.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding The 2024 brain tumor segmentation challenge meningioma radiotherapy (brats-men-rt) dataset.Scientific Data

Reference 58

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.179122Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation e3381309-9bd5-4e78-87ce-15cd1dd74360 · outbound

This paper cites Standardized assessment of automatic segmentation of white matter hyperintensities and results of the wmh segmentation challenge.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Standardized assessment of automatic segmentation of white matter hyperintensities and results of the wmh segmentation challenge

Reference 59

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.176448Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 65d152b4-b5b4-4168-980b-16c8bd7926b4 · outbound

This paper cites An open, multi-vendor, multi-field-strength brain mr dataset and analysis of publicly available skull stripping methods agreement.NeuroImage, 170:482–494.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding An open, multi-vendor, multi-field-strength brain mr dataset and analysis of publicly available skull stripping methods agreement.NeuroImage, 170:482–494

Reference 60

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.271860Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 7f4f8031-c659-42c9-87a2-83e9b336910e · outbound

This paper cites The wu-minn human connectome project: an overview.Neuroimage, 80: 62–79.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding The wu-minn human connectome project: an overview.Neuroimage, 80: 62–79

Reference 61

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.281123Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation e30243e0-6c49-42c9-b9d1-4f3b916e18f2 · outbound

This paper cites The adolescent brain cognitive development (abcd) study: imaging acquisition across 21 sites.Developmental cognitive neuroscience, 32:43–54.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding The adolescent brain cognitive development (abcd) study: imaging acquisition across 21 sites.Developmental cognitive neuroscience, 32:43–54

Reference 62

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.266418Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 0858594c-a974-4126-b98e-a300093e44cd · outbound

This paper cites Ixi dataset-information extraction from images project (epsrc gr/s21533/02)[internet].

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Ixi dataset-information extraction from images project (epsrc gr/s21533/02)[internet]

Reference 63

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.140533Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation f6315932-170a-487e-997c-2a9a884de34e · outbound

This paper cites Abbasi and Ehsan Adeli.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Abbasi and Ehsan Adeli

Reference 64

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.373825Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 8f7935b6-8491-4cd7-a0b5-191daa9c023a · outbound

This paper cites The montreal cognitive assessment, moca: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53(4):695–699.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding The montreal cognitive assessment, moca: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53(4):695–699

Reference 65

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.255224Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 238a652d-4c9d-452d-8ff3-16214394d0c0 · outbound

This paper cites Mini-mental state.Journal of psychiatric research, 12(3):189–198.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Mini-mental state.Journal of psychiatric research, 12(3):189–198

Reference 66

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.260655Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 5c373fb2-7408-47af-b5ee-5f33fbf3ee58 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 67

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.263338Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 3f495cfa-bbc1-4466-9078-999e32ff809f · outbound

This paper cites Manual for the aseba school-age forms and profiles.University of Vermont Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Manual for the aseba school-age forms and profiles.University of Vermont Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families

Reference 68

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.246830Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 7b441cb7-c376-481b-84f8-fc1ee13f6501 · outbound

This paper cites Parkinsonism: onset, progression, and mortality.Neurology, 17(5): 427–427.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Parkinsonism: onset, progression, and mortality.Neurology, 17(5): 427–427

Reference 69

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.187991Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 9450b1bd-38f3-41c8-a6c1-e26c1a5f75b3 · outbound

This paper cites BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT

Reference 70

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.774253Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 599b6e8f-b745-4d70-b879-daea23076ca7 · outbound

This paper cites A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales.Educational and psychological measurement, 20(1):37–46.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales.Educational and psychological measurement, 20(1):37–46

Reference 71

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.240269Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 06ad22d6-6187-4cfb-a2e0-614390634976 · outbound

This paper cites MedBookVQA: A Systematic and Comprehensive Medical Benchmark Derived from Open-Access Book.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding MedBookVQA: A Systematic and Comprehensive Medical Benchmark Derived from Open-Access Book

Reference 72

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.767968Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 2c03b03f-12fe-4206-b2d3-81676cdeb256 · outbound

This paper cites M3D: Advancing 3D Medical Image Analysis with Multi-Modal Large Language Models.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding M3D: Advancing 3D Medical Image Analysis with Multi-Modal Large Language Models

Reference 73

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T06:59:45.761587Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation ee16ac19-6d2e-4447-b439-cddb5686827d · outbound

This paper cites Mmmu: A massive multi-discipline multimodal understanding and reasoning benchmark for expert agi.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Mmmu: A massive multi-discipline multimodal understanding and reasoning benchmark for expert agi

Reference 74

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.243851Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation ad428c07-e730-4dbe-87f0-5f2745c0371a · outbound

This paper cites None” to “No changes.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding None” to “No changes

Reference 75

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.234043Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation fef6817f-eda3-42f9-9635-9da259fe4d01 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 76

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.228392Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 5fd2bb9c-a04c-49be-a533-231d97909f5c · outbound

This paper cites cerebellar.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding cerebellar

Reference 77

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.231005Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 8fa5c097-d2f6-4710-b61b-a05a6d2c46ca · outbound

This paper cites Removed across 7 datasets; retained questions with clearly visible asymmetry (>10% difference).

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Removed across 7 datasets; retained questions with clearly visible asymmetry (>10% difference)

Reference 78

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.252345Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation af8076d2-6fe3-4de4-9f8e-f035b11d4aae · outbound

This paper cites What is the T1 signal intensity of the lesion?.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding What is the T1 signal intensity of the lesion?

Reference 79

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.257910Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 385367e1-b778-476a-8776-1915a26e6ada · outbound

This paper cites The neuroradiologist noted that axial views are atypical for hippocampal assessment; however, this applies only to the 2D survey visualization.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding The neuroradiologist noted that axial views are atypical for hippocampal assessment; however, this applies only to the 2D survey visualization

Reference 80

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.222445Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 07c870bf-3664-4260-af46-13134820bffd · outbound

This paper cites Is the hippocampal volume below the expected range for this age group?.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Is the hippocampal volume below the expected range for this age group?

Reference 81

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.217053Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation f359402e-a63d-4eee-a5c5-ecd16cc37de8 · outbound

This paper cites This metadata is unavailable in the datasets and is acknowledged as a limitation inherent to retrospective imaging benchmarks.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding This metadata is unavailable in the datasets and is acknowledged as a limitation inherent to retrospective imaging benchmarks

Reference 82

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.225853Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation c3cc1a58-b526-4975-9af3-82fd4433311e · outbound

This paper cites remained stable or decreased.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding remained stable or decreased

Reference 83

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.219855Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation f6d74075-1631-469a-93c5-443cde898eb2 · outbound

This paper cites Investigation confirmed 2 subjects with non-meningioma disease labels.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding Investigation confirmed 2 subjects with non-meningioma disease labels

Reference 84

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.207598Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Observation 87bb7ba7-7c29-4c68-8de1-133a94d40e1e · outbound

This paper cites no midline shift.

NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding no midline shift

Reference 85

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-21T07:04:46.213842Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.

Coverage vector

Reference resolution

Outbound references

Pith citing papers