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arxiv: 2605.21065 · v1 · pith:EHDOVRWInew · submitted 2026-05-20 · ✦ hep-ph · hep-ex

The Single Photon Signature of a Light Long-lived Neutralino at Remote Detectors at the LHC

Herbi K. Dreiner , Julian G\"unther , Dominik K\"ohler , Apoorva Shah This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-21 04:25 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-ph hep-ex
keywords supersymmetryR-parity violationneutralinolong-lived particlesremote detectorsLHCsingle photon signatureANUBIS
0
0 comments X

The pith

ANUBIS offers the strongest projected reach for light long-lived neutralinos decaying to a single photon plus neutrino at the LHC.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper studies light, long-lived neutralinos in R-parity violating supersymmetry that are produced at ATLAS or CMS through rare decays of scalar mesons and then travel outward to decay into a photon and a neutrino. It calculates the expected number of detectable single-photon events at eight proposed remote detectors positioned hundreds of meters from the interaction points. The work improves on earlier FASER-focused studies by including the full flight distance of the parent mesons and evaluates six benchmark scenarios with different neutralino masses and lifetimes. A sympathetic reader would see this as a concrete way to test these supersymmetric models using existing or planned far detectors rather than relying solely on the main LHC experiments.

Core claim

In R-parity violating supersymmetric models, light neutralinos can be produced via scalar meson decays at the ATLAS or CMS interaction points and decay dominantly as χ̃⁰₁ → γ + ν. For six benchmark scenarios, the projected search sensitivities at the remote detectors ANUBIS, CODEX-b, FACET, FASER, FASER2, MAPP, MAPP2, and MATHUSLA are calculated, with ANUBIS yielding the highest reach and FASER the lowest while already having taken data.

What carries the argument

The single-photon signature arising from the neutralino decay χ̃⁰₁ → γ + ν, enabled by R-parity violating couplings that also govern production through scalar meson decays.

If this is right

  • ANUBIS provides the best sensitivity among the considered remote detectors to the six benchmark scenarios.
  • FASER yields the lowest sensitivity but has already collected data that can be analyzed for this signature.
  • Accounting for the extended flight path of the parent scalar mesons improves the accuracy of the event rate estimates.
  • The other detectors (CODEX-b, FACET, FASER2, MAPP, MAPP2, MATHUSLA) show intermediate projected reaches that still cover part of the benchmark parameter space.
  • This analysis extends prior work that focused mainly on FASER and FASER2 by including a broader set of detector geometries.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • A positive signal would provide direct evidence for R-parity violation in supersymmetry that is otherwise hard to access at the main LHC detectors.
  • Null results from these far detectors would tighten bounds on the R-parity violating couplings responsible for both production and decay.
  • The single-photon plus missing energy topology at remote locations could serve as a cross-check for any hints of long-lived particles seen in the central detectors.
  • Combining data across multiple remote detectors could help distinguish the neutralino hypothesis from other long-lived particle scenarios.

Load-bearing premise

Neutralinos are produced at the main interaction points through rare scalar meson decays induced by R-parity violating couplings, and their dominant decay mode is to a photon plus neutrino.

What would settle it

A null result consisting of zero or far fewer single-photon events than predicted in the ANUBIS detector after 3000 fb⁻¹ of LHC luminosity would exclude the production rates and lifetimes assumed in the six benchmark scenarios.

read the original abstract

We investigate the phenomenology of light long-lived neutralinos in R-parity violating supersymmetric models, focusing on the proposed remote detectors $\texttt{ANUBIS}$, $\texttt{CODEX-b}$, $\texttt{FACET}$, $\texttt{FASER}$, $\texttt{FASER2}$, $\texttt{MAPP}$, $\texttt{MAPP2}$, and $\texttt{MATHUSLA}$ at the LHC. We assume the production of the neutralinos at the ATLAS or CMS interaction points via rare scalar meson decays induced by R-parity violating couplings. We study six supersymmetric R-parity violating benchmark scenarios in which the dominant neutralino decay is $\tilde{\chi}^0_1 \rightarrow \gamma + \nu$. For each scenario, we determine the projected search sensitivity at the above listed detectors. Extending previous work focused primarily on $\texttt{FASER}$ and $\texttt{FASER2}$, we improve the simulation by taking into account the extended flight path of the parent meson. We find that $\texttt{ANUBIS}$ provides the best sensitivity to our benchmark scenarios and $\texttt{FASER}$ the least among the considered experiments, while of course $\texttt{FASER}$ has already taken data.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript investigates light long-lived neutralinos in R-parity violating supersymmetric models at the LHC, assuming production at ATLAS/CMS IPs exclusively via rare scalar meson decays induced by RPV couplings. In six benchmark scenarios where the neutralino decays dominantly via χ̃⁰₁ → γ + ν, projected sensitivities are computed for the remote detectors ANUBIS, CODEX-b, FACET, FASER, FASER2, MAPP, MAPP2, and MATHUSLA. The simulation is improved by including the parent meson's flight path, leading to the conclusion that ANUBIS offers the best sensitivity while FASER provides the least (though FASER has already collected data).

Significance. If the stated assumptions on production mechanism and branching ratio hold, the work supplies concrete projected reaches that extend earlier FASER-focused studies and could help prioritize among proposed remote detectors for this single-photon signature. The benchmark approach yields falsifiable predictions once data are available. No machine-checked proofs or open code are reported.

major comments (1)
  1. Abstract and benchmark section: The headline result that ANUBIS provides the best sensitivity and FASER the least rests on the assumption that production occurs exclusively via the listed rare scalar meson decays and that BR(χ̃⁰₁ → γ + ν) ≈ 1 in all six benchmarks. If direct parton-level production or additional meson species contribute at comparable rates, or if the branching ratio is appreciably lower, both the absolute yields and the relative ordering of detector sensitivities would shift. The manuscript should quantify the size of neglected channels or demonstrate their suppression in the chosen parameter space.
minor comments (2)
  1. The improvement from including the parent meson's flight path is mentioned but not quantified; a short comparison table or plot showing the change in expected event yields relative to the prior FASER-only simulation would clarify the impact.
  2. Detector acceptance and efficiency assumptions (e.g., photon reconstruction thresholds, angular coverage) should be stated explicitly with references to the relevant geometry papers or simulation packages.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their careful reading of the manuscript and for highlighting the importance of the production assumptions underlying our results. We address the major comment below and will revise the manuscript to include additional discussion as described.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: Abstract and benchmark section: The headline result that ANUBIS provides the best sensitivity and FASER the least rests on the assumption that production occurs exclusively via the listed rare scalar meson decays and that BR(χ̃⁰₁ → γ + ν) ≈ 1 in all six benchmarks. If direct parton-level production or additional meson species contribute at comparable rates, or if the branching ratio is appreciably lower, both the absolute yields and the relative ordering of detector sensitivities would shift. The manuscript should quantify the size of neglected channels or demonstrate their suppression in the chosen parameter space.

    Authors: The manuscript explicitly states in the abstract and introduction that neutralino production is assumed to occur exclusively via rare scalar meson decays induced by the RPV couplings, with the branching ratio to γ + ν set to approximately unity in the six benchmarks. This setup extends prior FASER-focused work by including the parent meson's flight path and comparing sensitivities across multiple remote detectors. We agree that significant contributions from direct parton-level production or additional meson species could alter absolute yields and potentially the relative ordering. However, for the light neutralino masses and small RPV couplings required to achieve the long lifetimes in our benchmarks, direct production cross sections are suppressed relative to the copious meson production rates at the LHC. The dominance of the γ + ν mode follows from phase-space considerations and the specific choice of RPV parameters that minimize competing decay channels. To address the comment, we will add a concise discussion in the benchmark section of the revised manuscript, providing order-of-magnitude estimates of the suppression factors for neglected channels based on the benchmark coupling values and known meson branching ratios. This will demonstrate that the headline result on detector sensitivities remains robust within the stated framework. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: forward projections from explicit model assumptions

full rationale

The paper computes projected event yields and sensitivities for remote detectors using Monte Carlo simulation of neutralino production via RPV-induced rare meson decays at ATLAS/CMS IPs, followed by the decay χ̃⁰₁ → γ + ν after accounting for parent meson flight paths. Six benchmark scenarios are defined upfront with the stated dominant branching ratio; detector acceptances are then evaluated geometrically for each. These steps constitute standard phenomenological projections rather than any fit to data or self-referential definition. No equation reduces to its input by construction, no parameter is fitted on a subset and relabeled a prediction, and no load-bearing uniqueness theorem or ansatz is imported via self-citation. The derivation chain is therefore self-contained and externally falsifiable via future data or alternative production channels.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

2 free parameters · 1 axioms · 1 invented entities

The analysis depends on parameters and assumptions from supersymmetric theory with R-parity violation, including specific decay channels and production mechanisms not independently verified in this work.

free parameters (2)
  • R-parity violating couplings
    These couplings determine the production rate of neutralinos from meson decays and are chosen in benchmark scenarios.
  • neutralino mass and lifetime parameters
    Light long-lived neutralino properties varied across the six benchmark scenarios.
axioms (1)
  • domain assumption R-parity violating supersymmetry allows neutralino production via scalar meson decays and decay to photon plus neutrino.
    This is the basis for the benchmark scenarios studied in the paper.
invented entities (1)
  • light long-lived neutralino no independent evidence
    purpose: Candidate for new physics that produces single photon signatures at remote detectors.
    Introduced in the context of R-parity violating SUSY models.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5763 in / 1425 out tokens · 47765 ms · 2026-05-21T04:25:16.680370+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

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