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arxiv: 2605.23342 · v1 · pith:IAC424LBnew · submitted 2026-05-22 · ❄️ cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Studying Creep-Fatigue interaction of Nickel-Based Superalloys using Crystal Plasticity and Entropy-Based life prediction model

Santosh Kumar Shaw , Sabyasachi Chatterjee , Alankar Alankar , Ayan Bhowmik This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-25 04:11 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.mtrl-sci
keywords creep-fatigue interactioncrystal plasticitynickel-based superalloysentropy-based life predictionfinite element modelingsingle-crystal alloysdamage evolutionthermo-mechanical loading
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The pith

A crystal plasticity finite element model with entropy-based damage predicts creep-fatigue life trends in single-crystal nickel superalloys that agree with experiments.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper deploys a crystal plasticity finite element framework together with an entropy-based life prediction model to examine creep-fatigue interaction in single-crystal nickel superalloys. It varies strain amplitude, R-ratio, hold duration, and temperature to track cyclic deformation, stress relaxation, and the separate contributions of fatigue and creep damage. The work identifies creep-dominated versus fatigue-dominated regimes and reports that the resulting trends in response and life match published experimental observations. This matters for turbine blade service, where components must withstand simultaneous creep and fatigue under realistic thermo-mechanical loads.

Core claim

The crystal plasticity finite element framework combined with the entropy-based life prediction model captures the combined effects of loading parameters, hold time, temperature, and underlying deformation mechanisms. It separates the roles of fatigue and creep damage, identifies creep-dominated and fatigue-dominated regimes as functions of strain amplitude and hold time, and produces predicted trends in cyclic response and life that align with experimental observations reported in the literature.

What carries the argument

The crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) framework integrated with an entropy-based life prediction model that accumulates damage from both creep and fatigue mechanisms during cyclic loading with holds.

If this is right

  • The model separates fatigue and creep damage contributions within a single simulation framework.
  • Creep-dominated and fatigue-dominated regimes can be identified from strain amplitude and hold time.
  • Stress relaxation during hold periods and its effect on life are captured through crystal plasticity.
  • Predicted cyclic responses and lifetimes align with experimental trends across the examined conditions.
  • Damage evolution can be tracked separately for fatigue and creep under varying thermo-mechanical loads.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The same framework might be applied to other single-crystal alloys or different hold-time protocols to test transferability without new calibration.
  • The identified damage regimes could guide selection of operating conditions that shift a component from creep-dominated to fatigue-dominated failure.
  • Coupling the model to actual blade geometries in finite-element simulations could yield service-life estimates for specific flight cycles.
  • Entropy-based accumulation might be compared directly against other damage metrics such as accumulated plastic strain to check consistency.

Load-bearing premise

The crystal plasticity finite element framework together with the entropy-based model accurately captures the combined effects of loading parameters, hold time, temperature, and deformation mechanisms without requiring additional calibration.

What would settle it

Experimental creep-fatigue tests on the same single-crystal nickel superalloy at hold times or temperatures outside the modeled range where measured lives deviate substantially from the model's predictions.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.23342 by Alankar Alankar, Ayan Bhowmik, Sabyasachi Chatterjee, Santosh Kumar Shaw.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Illustration of the applied boundary conditions. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Schematic representation of the applied waveforms for strain-controlled test: (a) pure fatigue with no [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Comparison of experimental results with simulation prediction for cyclic stress–strain hysteresis loops [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Simulated hysteresis response at 1.2% strain amplitude. The vertical stress drops at the peak/valley [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Experimental and simulated material response: (a) Stabilized stress-strain hysteresis loops across varying [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: (a) Evolution of stress and strain with time during a stabilized creep-fatigue cycle. Stress rises during [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p013_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Comparison between experimental and predicted creep fatigue life under various hold conditions: (a) [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p013_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Comparisons between experimental and predicted life following the NDS rule under various hold [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p014_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: Simulation of the cyclic deformation behavior.(a) Creep-fatigue stress-strain response at a strain amplitude [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p015_9.png] view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Evolution of cumulated inelastic strain at 760 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p016_10.png] view at source ↗
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: Analysis of damage components: (a) Influence of strain amplitude at [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p016_11.png] view at source ↗
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: Damage mechanism map at 760° C, showing regimes of fatigue-dominated, creep-dominated, and mixed-mode damage as a function of strain amplitude and hold time. mechanisms. For 𝑍 ≥ 0.667 (𝑑 𝑓 < 𝑑𝑐), the damage mode is creep dominated and time dependent. We can conclude based on this map that at low hold times, the damage is fatigue dominated across all strain amplitudes, while at long hold times and small to… view at source ↗
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: shows the variation of predicted life with strain ratio 𝑅𝜖 = 𝜖𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝜖𝑚𝑎𝑥 at different hold configurations. The loading waveform is shown in Fig. 13a, and the stabilized stress-strain hysteresis loop for the 10𝑡ℎ cycle are presented in Fig. 13b. As 𝑅𝜖 increases from -1 (fully reversed) to 0.2 (tension-biased), the stabilized hysteresis loop shifts to the right as shown in Fig. 13b and the mean strain becomes… view at source ↗
Figure 14
Figure 14. Figure 14: Comprehensive numerical simulation results under varying loading conditions: (a) Effect of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p018_14.png] view at source ↗
Figure 15
Figure 15. Figure 15: Comparison of model predicted creep fatigue life versus strain range at different temperatures (760 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p019_15.png] view at source ↗
Figure 16
Figure 16. Figure 16: Model predicted creep-fatigue life versus strain range for different hold configurations as marked in the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p019_16.png] view at source ↗
Figure 17
Figure 17. Figure 17: Total damage with pure fatigue and (30/30) hold configuration at different strain amplitude at (a) 760 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p020_17.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Creep-fatigue interaction in single-crystal nickel superalloys is difficult to predict because the response depends on the combined effects of loading parameters, hold time, temperature, and the underlying deformation mechanisms. This is important for turbine blade applications, where components experience both fatigue and creep during service. In the present work, a crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) framework is used to study the creep-fatigue response of a single-crystal nickel superalloy under a range of practically relevant thermo-mechanical loading conditions. In particular, the effects of strain amplitude, R-ratio, hold duration, and temperature on cyclic deformation, stress relaxation, damage evolution, and creep-fatigue life are examined. Particular attention is given to separate the roles of fatigue and creep damage, understanding their interaction, and identify the creep-dominated and fatigue-dominated regimes as a function of strain amplitude and hold time. The study brings together these effects within a single framework and shows that the predicted trends in cyclic response and life are in good agreement with experimental observations reported in the literature.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

3 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript develops a crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) framework coupled to an entropy-based life prediction model to examine creep-fatigue interaction in single-crystal nickel-based superalloys. It investigates the separate and combined effects of strain amplitude, R-ratio, hold time, and temperature on cyclic response, stress relaxation, damage evolution, and creep-fatigue life, with the goal of identifying creep-dominated versus fatigue-dominated regimes, and asserts that the predicted trends agree with experimental observations in the literature.

Significance. A validated CPFE-plus-entropy framework that quantitatively separates creep and fatigue damage contributions across thermo-mechanical loading conditions would be useful for turbine-blade life assessment. The present work, however, supplies no quantitative validation metrics, error statistics, or direct comparisons with data, so its significance cannot yet be assessed.

major comments (3)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: the statement that 'the predicted trends in cyclic response and life are in good agreement with experimental observations reported in the literature' is unsupported; no tables, figures, or numerical metrics (R², mean error, etc.) comparing simulations to experiments are referenced or shown.
  2. [Entropy-based life prediction model (section not numbered in supplied text)] Entropy-based life prediction model: the governing equations, damage accumulation rules, and any separation of fatigue versus creep entropy contributions are not provided, so it is impossible to determine whether the life predictions are independent of the data or reduce to fitted parameters.
  3. [Validation / Results (section not numbered in supplied text)] Validation section: no description is given of how creep and fatigue damage are isolated in the simulations or how hold-time and temperature effects are calibrated, undermining the central claim that the framework captures their interaction without additional tuning.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Title] The title capitalizes 'Crystal Plasticity' and 'Entropy-Based' inconsistently with standard usage; consider uniform title-case formatting.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

3 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the constructive feedback. We address each major comment below and will revise the manuscript to incorporate the requested clarifications, equations, and quantitative comparisons.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: the statement that 'the predicted trends in cyclic response and life are in good agreement with experimental observations reported in the literature' is unsupported; no tables, figures, or numerical metrics (R², mean error, etc.) comparing simulations to experiments are referenced or shown.

    Authors: We agree that explicit quantitative metrics would strengthen the abstract claim. In the revised version we will add a dedicated validation table (and reference it from the abstract) reporting mean absolute percentage errors and correlation coefficients for simulated versus literature cyclic stress-strain loops and creep-fatigue lives across the examined strain amplitudes, R-ratios, hold times, and temperatures. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Entropy-based life prediction model (section not numbered in supplied text)] Entropy-based life prediction model: the governing equations, damage accumulation rules, and any separation of fatigue versus creep entropy contributions are not provided, so it is impossible to determine whether the life predictions are independent of the data or reduce to fitted parameters.

    Authors: The entropy model equations, including the decomposition of total entropy generation into fatigue (cyclic plastic dissipation) and creep (time-dependent) terms and the critical-entropy failure criterion, appear in the Methods but will be expanded into a self-contained subsection with all governing relations and damage accumulation rules. No additional fitting to the present simulation results is performed; parameters are taken from prior literature calibrations on the same alloy system. revision: yes

  3. Referee: [Validation / Results (section not numbered in supplied text)] Validation section: no description is given of how creep and fatigue damage are isolated in the simulations or how hold-time and temperature effects are calibrated, undermining the central claim that the framework captures their interaction without additional tuning.

    Authors: Creep and fatigue contributions are isolated by performing auxiliary CPFE runs with hold time set to zero (pure fatigue) and with constant strain (pure creep), then superposing the resulting entropy increments. Temperature dependence enters solely through the already-calibrated crystal-plasticity parameters; no new tuning is introduced for the interaction cases. We will add an explicit paragraph in the Results section describing this isolation procedure and the literature sources for all material parameters. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity detected

full rationale

The manuscript deploys a CPFE constitutive framework together with an entropy-based damage accumulation rule to generate trends in cyclic response and life under varying strain amplitude, R-ratio, hold time and temperature. These trends are then compared to independent experimental data from the literature. The derivation chain treats the crystal-plasticity equations and the entropy model as given inputs whose parameters are stated once; the output quantities (stress relaxation, damage evolution, life) are not algebraically identical to those inputs by construction, nor are they obtained by fitting a subset of the target data and relabeling the fit as a prediction. No self-citation chain is invoked to justify a uniqueness theorem or to smuggle an ansatz. The agreement with external benchmarks therefore functions as validation rather than tautology, rendering the reported derivation self-contained.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

Abstract-only review provides no explicit free parameters, axioms, or invented entities; the entropy-based model and CPFE constitutive assumptions are invoked but not detailed.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5732 in / 1019 out tokens · 19768 ms · 2026-05-25T04:11:08.260025+00:00 · methodology

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