Pith. sign in

Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources

As of 13 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 99 of 99 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2605.23684.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2605.23684 v1

Coverage vector

measured 99 of 99 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z

measured 100 of 100 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-02T03:00:01.827822Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

99 of 99 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact23
  • verified fuzzy66
  • unresolved5
  • parse uncertain1
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch4

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation bb3f385a-f6f2-4ed1-a23d-2dee62db47e0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.141766Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:877267873e04fb2b740833383ad4ec27008b9d3d4e6aadef9c972bf4c5e23e48

Observation f7061ed5-5311-4e74-86f8-1a02a18bbf7d · outbound

This paper cites 2024 , title =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources 2024 , title =

Reference 2

Resolution
metadata mismatch
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:15.358804Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:485f9518210426daf411a164ffc20419917f7b34916c5d88f160fa01b974c5d0

Observation 57559e9a-7983-44cb-a9ee-548fb9ff1d32 · outbound

This paper cites Envisioning the Applications and Implications of Generative AI for News Media.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Envisioning the Applications and Implications of Generative AI for News Media

Reference 3

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:15.365458Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:a395965611cabcff0787c3dadcf901dec7bb74623b597b19a20da0aad8e87c50

Observation a44cf649-bc95-4704-b389-40f10df64637 · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , title =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources 2025 , title =

Reference 4

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:15.345571Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:98cea6f7b4045aa879a52afff4189183a64444c1d64a41cbab8322bf544368b8

Observation 0fda2eeb-944f-478b-a52d-5b2dc5a87747 · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , title =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources 2025 , title =

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.077325Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:c5f902a7086574f299d233bb622592e415d87b2b227cd9a0d25ca1b1e883abb2

Observation eb6fe5bf-9340-4406-ac02-4601dec001da · outbound

This paper cites Search Engines in an AI Era: The False Promise of Factual and Verifiable Source-Cited Responses.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Search Engines in an AI Era: The False Promise of Factual and Verifiable Source-Cited Responses

Reference 6

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.743219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:11ae11a4b4bddc5719028a57eceb45b43fb6a0feb7791eac9ae73690f5f88155

Observation 27e8dc1f-35d5-4a7b-932f-7a131595e82e · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology , volume=

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.071395Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:1c5620358bc4e510b302cc4ce9b563f809d5148feb493856ab29ca4f5d45d110

Observation e3d7c012-ffd6-45c9-9471-f7edb2015f0e · outbound

This paper cites News Source Citing Patterns in AI Search Systems.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources News Source Citing Patterns in AI Search Systems

Reference 8

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.823213Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:96ea7fc1dba059593edb209b244442891bfb826cc8f6cf75e1b926c01fcc87d1

Observation ea97328b-27db-48dc-8cb0-94280eb0c620 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.354923Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:7833bb8eba8f29b5f8e219dc79fd9ab740bc25c0e8b39b274f70b3138b3d55de

Observation 5ac4a703-7c28-4ccb-86e5-a46aa911e2d9 · outbound

This paper cites They're All Bad at Citing News , author =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources They're All Bad at Citing News , author =

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.322261Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:6758819d05c6369c6d8451ad130b556b63a2f883cd346b7b47e04547f668d822

Observation 6e67eb89-2adc-4823-a5b6-413bf08a5c28 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating Verifiability in Generative Search Engines.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Evaluating Verifiability in Generative Search Engines

Reference 11

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.818879Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:4ae2c891e010ef8e8c753e85127e394810460ab9d1452fcf1c7335856c705d2f

Observation c5e60c49-54ff-48d7-887b-673bc591305b · outbound

This paper cites The Attribution Crisis in LLM Search Results.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources The Attribution Crisis in LLM Search Results

Reference 12

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.815048Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:7ebb4cb1510f72a6012b09c88e743c9b33e53ea8db13c0da2113104bfc39206f

Observation 0e6cf6b9-20e1-4da5-bb6f-ca65842b3bdb · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , month = jul, day =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources 2025 , month = jul, day =

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.317828Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:ea33781e8ffb71275690ccb13ba8f38545207d861795fd20666e79441058ae7f

Observation 060f17fa-52af-4e2d-b57a-afb424129c8a · outbound

This paper cites 2022 , month = dec, url =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources 2022 , month = dec, url =

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.326327Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:9339bfe80357760c3c5ac8da3434ac6516bdd900553baf24e05c41e5b754387d

Observation a511c418-63d9-447e-8339-5e83b7c5ce2b · outbound

This paper cites Foundations and Trends.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Foundations and Trends

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.330732Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:ef7efd492e4f36460031b9a46c4e80b48e5efaf84dbe68eac48b6f157d63747a

Observation 72241be2-1df1-4d03-9eaa-ce5bb37735ce · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , pages=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , pages=

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.305679Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:4f458229701b1fb9a9a735018663ec14190d1e9ed6d29d0d66755f1cd629900f

Observation e0664f92-c0bc-4975-99fb-73c5360b8e48 · outbound

This paper cites Manipulating Large Language Models to Increase Product Visibility.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Manipulating Large Language Models to Increase Product Visibility

Reference 17

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.807465Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:451789aff710544fec7bb521246e08e5390a2b6cb298382afdf8510b27cdc7df

Observation 3898723c-e383-4c55-93b9-ad8c759571c1 · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing , pages=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing , pages=

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.296615Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:3053fa5ac66eec21f5ac8720860f1bc3647cbd480e8662bd2c6098319af8d4b9

Observation c3abe294-1634-4b9a-a8e9-39ba569795c7 · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Diffusion of Harmful Content on Online Web , pages=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Diffusion of Harmful Content on Online Web , pages=

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.301070Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:37a141af1c71d25b874ddbad6810cdbafd4a2b7aa4749274453d856ca5652396

Observation 49bdbf18-21ee-4ca9-ae6d-da849b91f0ad · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , month = oct, url =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources 2025 , month = oct, url =

Reference 20

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.309955Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:1af56c86a05c3cdf27a6a97af7faf4bc80700e35fe781e9d797eca92515124de

Observation f3c9b4e9-211e-4ce3-8092-1566d3e1912a · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence , volume=

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.283426Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:64bccaec8603f6dc777b31227713bed6eff13a3993535c9f4928246afb208abb

Observation 2300bd32-7e2d-4911-ba51-4de70bc23c73 · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , organization =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources 2025 , organization =

Reference 22

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.278328Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:001c2400b13c85e80380bf7f59e2a3c5362d73d6c3bb6569b0df1ed13caa8976

Observation e96e028d-8032-4e26-aa04-d795de5fc293 · outbound

This paper cites 2026 , month =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources 2026 , month =

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.287531Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:321d8ab365e80a115537d0250f50347a4431f5f800e1045f145936f7ed361e9d

Observation 0ae09222-c852-4d28-8b8b-ffc11b0d3193 · outbound

This paper cites Auditing LLM Editorial Bias in News Media Exposure.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Auditing LLM Editorial Bias in News Media Exposure

Reference 24

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-05T01:14:30.447913Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:a015542baae436a21c05e03106de16281e912f8b85f41f4dcfc9522c1a3ae5d0

Observation 843a6807-44b8-4ce7-97f4-db55ec1cb40e · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology , volume=

Reference 25

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.270637Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:bfabd2aef9cc826bfb22f12d0a54aef3b821df13d469e68c61c62dabd02e8ffa

Observation db0e9f34-4658-46d0-80e1-8360d788d813 · outbound

This paper cites Telematics and Informatics , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Telematics and Informatics , volume=

Reference 26

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.274358Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:2312810a476f6d6d9a4d258186041f8742c8fb6ee7edc1f806f37be63978f441

Observation 68a40088-5a1d-4658-a551-260c9d41c251 · outbound

This paper cites The Symposium on Future Directions in Information Access (FDIA) co-located with the 2023 European Summer School on Information Retrieval (ESSIR) , year=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources The Symposium on Future Directions in Information Access (FDIA) co-located with the 2023 European Summer School on Information Retrieval (ESSIR) , year=

Reference 27

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.292583Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:704e206dced1e531d7341317709d654056572dfe9610482b1028b260a53be267

Observation 80f00044-ed83-4050-a115-446550367f9d · outbound

This paper cites new media & society , pages=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources new media & society , pages=

Reference 28

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.313743Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:ce28c9c138862a4101b2aa0c2c471c447f3e3306e4311afd8da2bbedefc7b0a6

Observation f6a58ea5-a3d7-42d5-a8da-0c324b905f4c · outbound

This paper cites Unsafe LLM-Based Search: Quantitative Analysis and Mitigation of Safety Risks in AI Web Search.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Unsafe LLM-Based Search: Quantitative Analysis and Mitigation of Safety Risks in AI Web Search

Reference 29

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.811358Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:63035c8ecceebfe43ba2ff47ddf8cef69f4b26037ae66545837462265165a4aa

Observation ca675018-bbbb-4d3c-a6d7-f111a71ce31d · outbound

This paper cites Telecommunications Policy , pages=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Telecommunications Policy , pages=

Reference 30

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.246462Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:0a94bc8ca82d386c120fc52ca5e92391831dc5042ff52c22741111e1aaeefea3

Observation 6c3e0bd0-435f-4109-ae26-d3a158aad288 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.259011Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:025c024656c982d4c72eddea55a3f5a954c5cd3b60b94237205c4fa621e98d47

Observation 5fe5c9fb-4f5f-40fa-afdd-71c840d6f5f1 · outbound

This paper cites ACM computing surveys , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources ACM computing surveys , volume=

Reference 32

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.265294Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:b49788921c42d4805435d7df68ca8aa3c558060b24021b6ef47561c8d89cb64b

Observation f15b37f4-252c-4b20-9f35-317ea0397db0 · outbound

This paper cites Big Data & Society , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Big Data & Society , volume=

Reference 33

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.335903Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:3616dd533bbee1c741c79daf4ccf431f853174f513ae6c5720d1d1abf294b483

Observation 0e802d5d-7bb2-4b11-a613-664f52542dfc · outbound

This paper cites Search Engines Post-ChatGPT: How Generative Artificial Intelligence Could Make Search Less Reliable.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Search Engines Post-ChatGPT: How Generative Artificial Intelligence Could Make Search Less Reliable

Reference 34

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.827479Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:12d0156b53f40e1f927abefb66eab3a3792662842787d83cc7212eee39f2edc9

Observation a9dafbca-495c-4bc3-8116-3cebc893a936 · outbound

This paper cites An Audit on the Perspectives and Challenges of Hallucinations in NLP.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources An Audit on the Perspectives and Challenges of Hallucinations in NLP

Reference 35

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.794067Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:2a072e3b543ff91a99ef95e2facbb91fc04f68b98b006217f6947b58831bd099

Observation 13eda387-afb8-4ed8-b1ca-f72d73abd6c5 · outbound

This paper cites Engadget , url =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Engadget , url =

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.225483Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:ff9076b94bb768d8320ffcccebc4957892ee48933a66865ee2f427f6d329f877

Observation 448246db-54fb-4cd3-9480-81e8058201b5 · outbound

This paper cites The Decoder , url =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources The Decoder , url =

Reference 37

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.234081Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:7ac36e87d982ec0fd86e3696d928332e54277195040638d55cc87cbe120fa191

Observation f7d23400-bf88-455d-aa20-56937bda27a4 · outbound

This paper cites Google Scholar is manipulatable.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Google Scholar is manipulatable

Reference 38

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.763124Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:9d9d7e45eb4d7f052992021bb05b997d73f24b1978f3794ef905613ed8eb0973

Observation ee3952da-3cf3-4c9d-b368-bed1312f0e7a · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the 2021 ACM conference on fairness, accountability, and transparency , pages=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Proceedings of the 2021 ACM conference on fairness, accountability, and transparency , pages=

Reference 39

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.080793Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:4c842aec7d03fd9a66893697bd9ac48452b570c7b09de2ef9e9071ff3412a075

Observation e0cec6ef-5a4f-48b9-b445-cd7763863d2e · outbound

This paper cites AI use in American newspapers is widespread, uneven, and rarely disclosed.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources AI use in American newspapers is widespread, uneven, and rarely disclosed

Reference 40

Resolution
metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.759029Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:04953bd91aacefefeabd62c39e2bd6092f3e7f757f6a787106ce2b032f575c8f

Observation ed1410e2-7afc-44c2-b61a-4e0fe37ae589 · outbound

This paper cites arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.19163 , year=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.19163 , year=

Reference 41

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.775384Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:4b6afee052791870a11769387528eff942fd153e9ef34b963f1d5bb5bc512cc7

Observation ef24ee49-9c60-4c39-9dbc-7dbe78094ff8 · outbound

This paper cites Technical Report on the Pangram AI-Generated Text Classifier.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Technical Report on the Pangram AI-Generated Text Classifier

Reference 42

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.739269Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:6937e0849ccbb71a17d62810d6a2bc4c56661e041084a3c819e816ba474924eb

Observation 5a389b11-1f9b-421c-8783-a70bb6d2f687 · outbound

This paper cites ACM Transactions on Information Systems , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources ACM Transactions on Information Systems , volume=

Reference 43

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.058509Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:8e5ed3fa829ddf677ef0442dfcbb4e9ad0ecd8d30c9f49a2f9722af300981578

Observation e64b7bd1-8dd9-4da0-b9a8-a85356bb31a7 · outbound

This paper cites TechPolicy.Press , year =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources TechPolicy.Press , year =

Reference 44

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.164297Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:eb9806d35746c5664e06445f92a98b368162906e696f340f953ec73dfa326414

Observation 1cdfe44d-e588-4c4b-a9e2-6040c82f9a11 · outbound

This paper cites Relying on the Unreliable: The Impact of Language Models' Reluctance to Express Uncertainty.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Relying on the Unreliable: The Impact of Language Models' Reluctance to Express Uncertainty

Reference 45

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.785876Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:6c9fe29032371a1df265f7ab8f226280e19ea8b8768d26db83e40fb4bf17f57b

Observation 22f926bf-3635-4c95-84b7-7711cf0d1b3e · outbound

This paper cites manipulation , author=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources manipulation , author=

Reference 46

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.238212Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:ccb857aeab15b742b1a707f59809621869547d8dbe439e94df17fa980a7b0226

Observation 8e90b301-2113-42e6-935d-e13dc12bfde6 · outbound

This paper cites 2017 , publisher=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources 2017 , publisher=

Reference 47

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.242275Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:42b0d5ae0a793c9c1749dce8d504b442fd100467778ed5c044a213ea63054775

Observation 90f429d7-3811-44ce-b0e7-c36cad78ec7c · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the 2018 conference on human information interaction & retrieval , pages=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Proceedings of the 2018 conference on human information interaction & retrieval , pages=

Reference 48

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.252532Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:414951332746b37f53f039d45a16806812e3b87b5cb9c4a2ada58a15b098be8f

Observation ca910b52-6d89-4c72-a805-cf0e886455fd · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the 27th ACM international conference on information and knowledge management , pages=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Proceedings of the 27th ACM international conference on information and knowledge management , pages=

Reference 49

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.340502Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:88a8b56529ecc4b07f5f930a301e97e4f5de20fdb00246d2f22bb8c35b3133c1

Observation 6e11c862-02df-47db-93f9-2a8b7a55c1d1 · outbound

This paper cites Communications of the ACM , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Communications of the ACM , volume=

Reference 50

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.351247Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:8a9284fd13fcf9bd13d7606f03c8aebe586a24dd6769afaa6e191302e8f74561

Observation 3ae09b62-4374-4061-8027-bc651482d12a · outbound

This paper cites Annual review of public health , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Annual review of public health , volume=

Reference 51

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.202939Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:047f04b82cc46437a87e8a7a4e977332a991be24c325c75a3c5ea7469953559c

Observation 37320d16-23cc-4269-bb73-87bada8bb78a · outbound

This paper cites BMJ open , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources BMJ open , volume=

Reference 52

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.216158Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:2c6a22011261b986e0cc4c7c5787db9a1f9018fbc94784340c7563b518d3d90b

Observation a8f172e2-354e-451f-a4cc-07593954f6ea · outbound

This paper cites Journal of marketing research , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Journal of marketing research , volume=

Reference 53

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.348091Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:7cfcbb4a11bc0dc5b0bd9e0559d5594375e767e959bdbece356d53d60cce1d0a

Observation b4b28ef5-7b3e-42b0-b862-524f5e9d510b · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval , pages=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval , pages=

Reference 54

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.186442Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:4111a83e9f47279969bb261a60c8613477e70f8aec02499b275e76bcc62ff930

Observation acfe8f43-77b1-4c7d-82ee-f71523d1889a · outbound

This paper cites Human--Computer Interaction , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Human--Computer Interaction , volume=

Reference 55

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.194967Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:4eccc7f111a870014875621941c402fa8a0f830b748f9f3839f20d3ca192b6a3

Observation 44f5fa2c-e28b-45e7-ae3e-2af5ae0fc720 · outbound

This paper cites Journal of broadcasting & electronic media , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Journal of broadcasting & electronic media , volume=

Reference 56

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.172967Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:a1bd7cbb909957023eccf45d905d9d8fd9a913475568e9ae5272de52702db1ef

Observation 496af620-9f88-4997-8b64-3982e50029ca · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on World Wide Web , pages=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on World Wide Web , pages=

Reference 57

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.198772Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:13b33aca7d465336b0b9e38b09473b3fdee324b397fff7f7d26306a61973613e

Observation 30fbb4b5-7027-4310-b1b7-c7bd53a622c6 · outbound

This paper cites International Journal of Knowledge Society Research (IJKSR) , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources International Journal of Knowledge Society Research (IJKSR) , volume=

Reference 58

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.207549Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:f11d92ea7a0e2081c52a413cc74410489ee842f77b25290e35a88e1eb4b53d15

Observation faa175a3-6982-44cb-91ea-f416ac08e4d7 · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on human factors in computing systems , pages=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on human factors in computing systems , pages=

Reference 59

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.212120Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:1f9058e63eec2dc2a306b5c0b97b568ef4f696cd87cc52126f8304c7d35c5bbc

Observation 16f717dd-13e0-4459-a94f-0061406dcd53 · outbound

This paper cites Nature , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Nature , volume=

Reference 60

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.344835Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:c781edfe4445b07504c1a74017d088b409219d8d8990de3f383cfb0dad5d955c

Observation 444141dc-da15-42fb-8662-fba5792c7963 · outbound

This paper cites Enhancing LLMs for Governance with Human Oversight: Evaluating and Aligning LLMs on Expert Classification of Climate Misinformation for Detecting False or Misleading Claims about Climate Change.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Enhancing LLMs for Governance with Human Oversight: Evaluating and Aligning LLMs on Expert Classification of Climate Misinformation for Detecting False or Misleading Claims about Climate Change

Reference 61

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.767060Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:c9884f83e9d1ec4a97f01e5559e3ec91da775a2c938400d825f95da11458d139

Observation d56b90a5-f439-4598-9637-fe9314b09287 · outbound

This paper cites Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review , year=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review , year=

Reference 62

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.124126Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:5aba79824dbd0f9880f5d2a0dc22fa635ada26b0c5825fd0c21e305df24271c0

Observation 7a4605fc-b6ba-438d-9743-1acc7836b7b9 · outbound

This paper cites NASIG Proceedings , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources NASIG Proceedings , volume=

Reference 63

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.128689Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:a6d8a604b1ad561ce7126918d11638ae1dfd77a3422bd39719ecbbf877ac4592

Observation 8a6e26be-108d-414a-afac-703a8ac7c3a0 · outbound

This paper cites Tages-Anzeiger , year =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Tages-Anzeiger , year =

Reference 64

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.134322Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:69933f92aa0cc6b77e1c6dc6f1cfac05b792fbf4f89df4752ff0223d33c3cd2a

Observation a2dc8100-c3bd-49ca-9598-5941ef6068e6 · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society , volume=

Reference 65

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.101878Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:f4e66970e7feaffb866c2b0d57f58f310f3744d1362fda6a086c8ab5b5d56a5f

Observation 6deefe83-272a-458e-a9c7-9a9fa3e22aad · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society

Reference 66

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.735764Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:a34e7ffc4f774ddc7a0cd9121afbef2e3a076c4a15d91326d7a1d3abfb8a99d9

Observation c84eba7d-a671-403a-96a6-65e2baf43534 · outbound

This paper cites New Media & Society , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources New Media & Society , volume=

Reference 67

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.093777Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:3cf4668c90b507a12cc15edc3158d159ab1b24f94f553282b5e7a88df69a6f8b

Observation a8566203-ff09-4a36-ac4f-efaf1fc119d8 · outbound

This paper cites 2019 , publisher=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources 2019 , publisher=

Reference 68

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.104837Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:0a44ab476cddd2fe6fd7c3c0579b994d36f6a8745a0a5860b1b67acf11f4e3b0

Observation ca2e0960-ef8f-4845-a475-cb394d25447d · outbound

This paper cites BERTopic: Neural topic modeling with a class-based TF-IDF procedure.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources BERTopic: Neural topic modeling with a class-based TF-IDF procedure

Reference 69

Resolution
metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.780326Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:34b243c9be9b9b4747b11ddc935d508a156db2198a4ebc803ab675ab727c0b37

Observation 11935a60-6901-4449-90c3-e48cc71d3f4a · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , month = feb, howpublished =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources 2025 , month = feb, howpublished =

Reference 70

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.109935Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:7c45befcbfbf7d0c80a2147262dc9c59d8746d3d4a63dc0f3da9299a3befb1f3

Observation 89566c67-7397-4c98-a49f-713df37da50d · outbound

This paper cites The Information Society , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources The Information Society , volume=

Reference 71

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.169209Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:8428c58c82d2fc69165be8543282ebb26e7e75d1648880a34fce26248094a409

Observation e809b617-c11f-4ed8-868a-6a75ce7d80fc · outbound

This paper cites Healthcare , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Healthcare , volume=

Reference 72

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.067950Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:d82054cb5cc5622035db5a5c3ed4aab85fa420cf437c75bae0ad68679f7be0ab

Observation 9239ae5a-57b5-48f9-834e-69df93187709 · outbound

This paper cites arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.11373 , year=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.11373 , year=

Reference 73

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.746810Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:2f8313a37e9380cbb7e523fe38b64c4d17a54fd081b60cd93b751cf336f8e647

Observation 8ee00780-c3ae-4ee3-a063-eca4c6bbb454 · outbound

This paper cites ClimateQ&A: Bridging the gap between climate scientists and the general public.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources ClimateQ&A: Bridging the gap between climate scientists and the general public

Reference 74

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.771044Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:193d7dcc6dbf62e0f7b015f2baeb27aada757c6990d2e174622e0f005d4d9f84

Observation 73d6aebb-e6b3-46ce-a653-f3db9a54996d · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , publisher=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources 2025 , publisher=

Reference 75

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.096425Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:8a78764d38bfba08d37cd442f05a9dbafbacb8518a54c7811780683f17f57637

Observation 86c64111-b32b-45cb-871d-89b9f4afe2c6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Unresolved cited work

Reference 76

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.221102Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:31ccf1a7b4913004a52b28a60df419efe5f24b328639d101a07dcec859cea2f4

Observation d1f5ecfc-217f-48fb-a88a-38c7c95fc033 · outbound

This paper cites 2018 , note =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources 2018 , note =

Reference 77

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.176510Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:3c49a345b200eb2180e9686095dda9f7b9c5a453611f6cdb32232e981aea1b5f

Observation 99bb530e-0f77-4c06-b079-c1539e2c6a77 · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , month =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources 2025 , month =

Reference 78

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.160823Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:0f2713f043e80776bade45c7714954872f26d61ebb6591a9db0ba95d89957251

Observation e0af4899-c794-4003-887a-0863a5b612d1 · outbound

This paper cites Colorado College Publication , series =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Colorado College Publication , series =

Reference 79

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.151988Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:09343e7c2ca50d1dfea2a7b811cca6b445c0a91224b4ec83e9a977f54f94d84e

Observation 5a1cb2fd-b118-4688-b227-99736cbf4c28 · outbound

This paper cites arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.05334 , year=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.05334 , year=

Reference 80

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.789888Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:f8d03dc678f2d72c0dda731f395e0154e5fad7ee4ba4fbf73dd987a776dba73d

Observation 157890c3-58ce-4a01-9a62-de31840c8c40 · outbound

This paper cites 2024 , eprint=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources 2024 , eprint=

Reference 81

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.157371Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:86a6d433c7709a8372e2c109346d385790d0b86777407c7d79f89a5fd85db75d

Observation e23ccdd2-0354-409a-8d1a-d8a5f4ffbb3a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Unresolved cited work

Reference 82

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.180971Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:37a3fc30a9bf03e14e9febbcbcfc6fa98da2ed531ad26921754c2bb181752364

Observation 1c8d8b96-d6fd-4558-beb2-d70c21d31b0d · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the 48th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval , pages=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Proceedings of the 48th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval , pages=

Reference 83

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.190486Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:33cd265c9520ee67972675de2c83c16abe367ed4271d1d6526375f484bf24b8f

Observation 84ee8609-a45a-42d9-976c-2460be20b950 · outbound

This paper cites 2024 , publisher=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources 2024 , publisher=

Reference 84

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.229275Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:68931a665c2b91267e17e43aea98e7ce2c850f9996183f0cabda6c79ef987e99

Observation b5e4e7da-d282-4e6e-959c-ba839ca40034 · outbound

This paper cites Environmental Research Letters , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Environmental Research Letters , volume=

Reference 85

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.147591Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:553a5b38311cc7cff81b02a44643d3b4342c234efbf7e15db736201646273246

Observation 23d7238e-5c19-45dd-b2ee-414bf57cfa1d · outbound

This paper cites arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.13042 , year=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.13042 , year=

Reference 86

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.798326Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:82a83d2ff6c007714dd145f090a1769118109502c2e865d5e833500109613f8b

Observation cebb61ea-bf64-4af8-b4ad-333af45f72b5 · outbound

This paper cites Is Misinformation More Open? A Study of robots.txt Gatekeeping on the Web.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Is Misinformation More Open? A Study of robots.txt Gatekeeping on the Web

Reference 87

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-29T02:25:09.372975Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:cb4a9f93f91fbd11a22a3c820ae5e9047f381f7d4b3f73581e988b1b44888019

Observation 06bc18ee-106f-4884-bb26-54c547f7ecab · outbound

This paper cites AI & SOCIETY , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources AI & SOCIETY , volume=

Reference 88

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.099201Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:93a4ba22a90a6dd747b41ec049d47d4f1318862b1dd482404dd908680b23b874

Observation 3f17fe1c-d06a-4092-977c-bab2bf19d2de · outbound

This paper cites 2026 , month = jan, day =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources 2026 , month = jan, day =

Reference 89

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.116463Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:ead6e77435db58723c55b4ff3e58c9a86bc1cbac4143af40325a7f6aef033487

Observation 490385c2-2db0-4c9d-afc2-1c67ee77d518 · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , month = mar, day =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources 2025 , month = mar, day =

Reference 90

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.120503Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:aba3d5158365e9d2cb38a23f19e4ee2152394bfeebdc81dd6eab09d07e4a87b2

Observation e97288d3-c4a7-4b23-a160-e56a03b37607 · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , month =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources 2025 , month =

Reference 91

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.083944Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:2f09263239e9bc0f087dcaae8167cede6b26e25ded824b2595b631af5d924dee

Observation 9395c033-c9c1-41fd-8cec-0699ffdedd42 · outbound

This paper cites On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models

Reference 92

Resolution
metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:16.754540Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:52f5a758fbc1a0e8f234a02a0a6b4f889dce2c05ba864dd5863af0224fe19484

Observation 4a7ac845-a27b-4af6-b910-7dd2d5d5d224 · outbound

This paper cites Computational linguistics , volume=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Computational linguistics , volume=

Reference 93

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.090882Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:07f87d105d512860001eaa62734b7338077411441da1e73b333d3db5ffdcd03e

Observation dcb89425-be0d-4f2a-84f8-d6f8f6df50c6 · outbound

This paper cites A Multifaceted Analysis of Social Biases in Large Language Models.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources A Multifaceted Analysis of Social Biases in Large Language Models

Reference 94

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-05T02:15:32.022475Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:12d7e69e3faa862615eaafcfbc140004139a19756fb5bb5e30eaf0c6ccd44df1

Observation 23bac4ea-94a2-4f4d-878c-67b665f37c47 · outbound

This paper cites author=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources author=

Reference 95

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.087787Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:0b1abaf0af27e2c0ba25b77be8154559c3a9e1b186e70afc5dd679c396acc60e

Observation 8ed3b072-716b-4ae0-9818-a205e2b05aca · outbound

This paper cites ACM AI Letters , year=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources ACM AI Letters , year=

Reference 96

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.138633Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:e772f5465c104cfb5f47e9d496232afdb9e2a8961c7cd32287775da9ec2c8f4d

Observation 1aadb4a8-3700-4ea6-9604-82cb775798a9 · outbound

This paper cites 2021 , version =.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources 2021 , version =

Reference 97

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.074290Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:bbab3b845bcc24fdc6a50ef7d1b10e18c021a8324f1aa5fd36effe604d3b1621

Observation 445c31a3-1de4-466b-aa89-e7d1738057cd · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) , pages=.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) , pages=

Reference 98

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.061545Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:642f8e356b8bf1a2fc7abbfe8fed6c768cfca3129a9dc641bb00702d614a59e2

Observation bb112a83-1fcf-40d4-b7a8-cce8a038f4b4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources Unresolved cited work

Reference 99

Resolution
parse uncertain
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-25T03:10:17.064650Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-25T03:09:59.710039Z digest=sha256:60c2aa559fd870da6ce46a5aabdaeed3d2aabc6e96f216d949127213e2ac2cce

Pith citing papers

Observation f5cbcfd5-ba11-4a13-8c60-46437d53f71d · inbound

Optimizing Visibility in Generative Engines: A Critical Survey of Generative Engine Optimization (2023-2026) cites this paper.

Optimizing Visibility in Generative Engines: A Critical Survey of Generative Engine Optimization (2023-2026) Synthetic Sources?: Auditing Generative Search Engine Citations for Evidence of AI-Generated Sources

Reference 2

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T03:00:01.827822Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-02T03:00:01.827822Z digest=sha256:7856be24d1a8f02a32d3156cc3d65bd15293f61c4401516f7e70bbd036a58341