Pith. sign in

REVIEW 3 major objections 2 minor 48 references

Biophoton Emission from Palm during Meditation: A Multi-Method Complexity Analysis

T0 review · 3 major / 2 minor · reviewed 2026-06-29 · grok-4.3

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read Meditation produces a consistent reduction in the intermittency of biophoton emissions from the palm.

desk verdict Single-subject palm UPE study finds consistent drop in intermittency during meditation across four methods, but fixed-order design leaves the cause untested. read the letter →

arxiv 2605.26758 v1 pith:TGEPTBUQ submitted 2026-05-26 physics.bio-ph q-bio.OT

E. Pace , L. De Paolis , G. Felici , I. Vaglini , M. Sandrini , M. Pettini , A. Gemignani , M. Benfatto This is my paper · ORCID
classification physics.bio-phq-bio.OT
keywords biophotonemissionultraweakphotonmeditationcomplexityanalysisintermittencydiffusionentropyRenyiSamaVritti
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The study measures ultra-weak photon emissions from one subject's right palm during three separate sessions, each divided into dark reference, pre-meditation rest, Sama Vritti box-breathing meditation, and post-meditation recovery. Four complementary complexity methods applied to the photon count series all detect a drop in emission intermittency during the meditation phase, with the effect repeating across sessions. Stripe-filtered diffusion entropy analysis shows the counts moving deeper into a non-ergodic renewal regime, while Renyi entropy measures indicate both lower burst amplitude and greater sequential order, interpreted as entrainment to the breathing rhythm. These shifts line up with previously reported changes in cardiac and EEG signals during the same practice, suggesting a coordinated physiological response visible at the photon level.

What carries the argument

Multi-method complexity analysis of photon count time series, with stripe-filtered diffusion entropy analysis tracking the non-ergodic renewal regime and scaling exponent, plus Renyi entropy with time-reversal testing for amplitude and sequential effects.

What would settle it

A follow-up experiment on multiple subjects that includes sham meditation sessions at randomized times and finds no reduction in intermittency during the breathing phase.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

Biophoton emission from the palm enters a less intermittent state during structured meditation, shown by a Pre-to-Meditation drop in the scaling exponent from stripe-filtered diffusion entropy analysis together with reduced marginal burstiness and increased sequential structure in Renyi entropy, all replicated across the three independent sessions.

Load-bearing premise

Observed changes in photon count statistics are caused by the meditation protocol rather than by time of day, subject expectations, or measurement artifacts in a single-subject design without sham controls.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • Photon emission intermittency from the palm tracks physiological modulation by voluntary breathing practices.
  • The same multi-method framework can be applied to other body sites or meditation styles to map the spatial and practice-specific extent of the effect.
  • Human ultraweak photon emission responds to internal state changes in a manner consistent with cardiac and neural complexity shifts.
  • Complementary statistical, scaling, and entropy measures can converge on a single coherent description of biological intermittency changes.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If the reduction proves replicable across subjects, palm biophoton counts could become a non-contact readout for certain meditative or relaxed states.
  • The single-subject limitation means the result could still reflect an idiosyncratic response rather than a general feature of the meditation protocol.
  • Testing whether the intermittency drop appears under other rhythmic interventions, such as paced breathing without meditative framing, would clarify the role of attention versus rhythm alone.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

3 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) measurements from the right palm of a single human subject across three independent sessions, each with fixed 15-min phases (Dark, Pre, Meditation via Sama Vritti box-breathing, Post). Four complementary methods—distributional statistics (Fano factor, skewness, Expected Shortfall), multiscale Fano factor/Allan deviation, stripe-filtered Diffusion Entropy Analysis (DEA), and Renyi entropy with time-reversal test—are applied to photon count series. The central claim is that these methods converge on a systematic reduction of emission intermittency during the meditation phase, with DEA indicating a shift in the non-ergodic renewal regime and Renyi metrics showing reduced burstiness plus increased sequential structure, interpreted as entrainment to the breathing rhythm and consistent with prior cardiac/EEG findings.

Significance. If the observed intermittency reduction can be causally attributed to the meditation protocol, the work supplies a proof-of-concept multi-method complexity framework for human UPE under physiological modulation, with explicit links to cardiac complexity transitions (Tuladhar et al.) and EEG reorganization during Sama Vritti (Zaccaro et al.). The complementary sensitivities of the four analysis families constitute a methodological strength; however, the single-subject design without controls limits generalizability and immediate physiological interpretation.

major comments (3)
  1. [Abstract/Methods description] Abstract/Methods description: The headline claim of a 'systematic reduction of emission intermittency during meditation' attributable to the Sama Vritti protocol rests on a single-subject design with three non-randomized sessions in fixed phase order (Dark-Pre-Med-Post) and no sham breathing condition, blinded measurement, or time-matched control sessions. This leaves the Pre-to-Med drop in Fano factor, DEA scaling exponent, and Renyi Tdir/Tseq open to diurnal variation, expectation, or instrument drift, directly undermining the attribution required for the stated physiological interpretation.
  2. [Abstract/Results] Abstract/Results: No error bars, sample-size justification, or statistical tests (e.g., session-by-phase interaction) are reported despite the claim of 'consistent' effects across the three sessions; the abstract provides only directional statements, which is load-bearing for the convergence narrative.
  3. [Abstract] Abstract: The interpretation that Renyi Tseq increase reflects 'entrainment to the Sama Vritti rhythm' is presented without a quantitative test linking the breathing period to the observed sequential structure, weakening the entrainment claim that supports the multi-channel physiological response narrative.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: The phrase 'parameter-free' is not used, but the methods section should explicitly state whether any thresholds in stripe-filtered DEA or Renyi time-reversal are chosen post-hoc or fixed a priori.
  2. The manuscript would benefit from a table summarizing the direction and magnitude of change for each metric (Fano, DEA exponent, Tdir, Tseq) across the three sessions to allow direct assessment of consistency.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

3 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the constructive feedback. We respond point-by-point to the major comments below. Revisions have been made to the abstract and discussion to better qualify the preliminary nature of the findings and to moderate interpretive claims.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract/Methods description] The headline claim of a 'systematic reduction of emission intermittency during meditation' attributable to the Sama Vritti protocol rests on a single-subject design with three non-randomized sessions in fixed phase order (Dark-Pre-Med-Post) and no sham breathing condition, blinded measurement, or time-matched control sessions. This leaves the Pre-to-Med drop in Fano factor, DEA scaling exponent, and Renyi Tdir/Tseq open to diurnal variation, expectation, or instrument drift, directly undermining the attribution required for the stated physiological interpretation.

    Authors: We agree that the single-subject design with fixed phase ordering precludes definitive causal attribution to the meditation protocol. The study is framed as a proof-of-concept demonstration of the multi-method complexity framework applied to human UPE. We have revised the abstract and discussion to state that reductions in intermittency were observed consistently during the meditation phase across the three sessions, while explicitly noting that alternative explanations such as order effects cannot be ruled out and that controlled studies with larger samples are required for physiological interpretation. revision: partial

  2. Referee: [Abstract/Results] No error bars, sample-size justification, or statistical tests (e.g., session-by-phase interaction) are reported despite the claim of 'consistent' effects across the three sessions; the abstract provides only directional statements, which is load-bearing for the convergence narrative.

    Authors: We have revised the abstract to include the sample size (three sessions) and to qualify the consistency as directional agreement across sessions. In the results section we now report session-to-session variability (mean and range) for the primary metrics and include error bars on summary plots where feasible. With only three sessions, formal interaction tests lack power; we therefore retain the emphasis on directional convergence while acknowledging the small sample as a limitation. revision: yes

  3. Referee: [Abstract] The interpretation that Renyi Tseq increase reflects 'entrainment to the Sama Vritti rhythm' is presented without a quantitative test linking the breathing period to the observed sequential structure, weakening the entrainment claim that supports the multi-channel physiological response narrative.

    Authors: We have revised the abstract wording to present the Tseq increase as consistent with possible entrainment to the breathing rhythm rather than as direct evidence of entrainment. A quantitative test linking the specific 4-second breathing cycle to the observed sequential structure is not performed in the current data set and is noted as a direction for future work. revision: partial

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No circularity: purely empirical data analysis with no self-referential derivations

full rationale

The manuscript applies four standard statistical methods (Fano factor, multiscale Allan deviation, stripe-filtered DEA, Renyi entropy with time-reversal test) directly to raw photon-count time series collected in fixed-order phases. No equations are presented whose outputs are defined in terms of their own inputs, no parameters are fitted to a subset and then relabeled as predictions, and no uniqueness theorems or ansatzes are imported via self-citation. The central observation—a Pre-to-Meditation drop in intermittency metrics—is a direct empirical comparison of measured distributions and scaling exponents; it does not reduce to any of the enumerated circular patterns. External citations to Tuladhar et al. and Zaccaro et al. supply physiological context but are not required for the UPE statistics themselves.

Assumptions & free parameters 0 free parameters · 0 assumptions · 0 invented entities

Abstract alone supplies insufficient detail to enumerate free parameters, axioms, or invented entities; no explicit fitting constants or new physical postulates are described.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Biophoton Emission from Palm during Meditation: A Multi-Method Complexity Analysis." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/TGEPTBUQ

@misc{pith2026260526758,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Biophoton Emission from Palm during Meditation: A Multi-Method Complexity Analysis},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/TGEPTBUQ}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2605.26758}
}
read the original abstract

Biophotons are ultra-weak photon emissions in the visible spectrum produced by living organisms. While extensively studied in plants, germinating seeds, and cell cultures, no systematic multi-method complexity analysis of human ultraweak photon emission (UPE) under physiological modulation has been reported. We address this gap by applying a comprehensive analytical framework to UPE measurements from the right palm of a human subject. Three independent sessions were conducted on different days, each comprising four consecutive 15-minute phases: Dark reference, pre-meditation resting state (Pre), structured meditation based on the Sama Vritti box-breathing protocol, and post-meditation recovery (Post). Photon count series are analysed with four complementary methods: distributional statistics (Fano factor, skewness, tail Expected Shortfall); multiscale Fano factor and Allan deviation; stripe-filtered Diffusion Entropy Analysis (DEA); and Renyi entropy with a Time Reversal test. The methods show complementary sensitivities, converging on a coherent picture: a systematic reduction of emission intermittency during meditation, consistently detected across all three sessions. Stripe-filtered DEA places the emission in the non-ergodic renewal regime with a Pre-to-Meditation decrease of the scaling exponent. Renyi analysis reveals two effects: reduced marginal amplitude burstiness (Tdir) and increased sequential pattern structure (Tseq), interpreted as entrainment to the Sama Vritti rhythm. These findings are consistent with cardiac complexity transitions during meditation reported by Tuladhar et al. and with EEG reorganization during Sama Vritti breathing by Zaccaro et al., suggesting a coordinated multi-channel physiological response. The results establish a proof-of-concept framework for complexity analysis of human UPE under physiological modulation.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.26758 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Representative biophoton count time series (Session 1). Each panel shows the photon counts acquired in non-overlapping 0.5 s time bins over the 900 s duration of one phase. Top left: Dark (phase #0); top right: Pre-meditation (phase #1); bottom left: Meditation (phase #2); bottom right: Post-meditation (phase #3). The green curve in each panel is a 1-minute running average. The separation between the Dark baseline a… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Fano factor F(τ ) as a function of averaging time τ for the Pre-meditation (dashed), Meditation (solid), and Post-meditation (dash-dot) phases in the three experimental sessions (blue: Session 1; red: Session 2; green: Session 3). The horizontal dotted line marks the Poisson reference F = 1. In all sessions the Pre phase shows a positive scaling F(τ ) ∝ τ αF with αF > 0, reflecting long-range clustering of the emiss… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Allan deviation exponent αA vs. experimental phase (blue circles: Ses￾sion 1; red squares: Session 2; green triangles: Session 3). Error bars: 1σ from the log-log fit over τ = 0.5–128 s. Dashed line: Poisson reference αA = −0.5; shaded band: Meditation phase. The Pre→Meditation differences are +0.059 (3.0σ), +0.012 (0.2σ), and +0.113 (2.1σ) in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 The Pre phase is consistently the least negative amo… view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (5 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: A robust feature of Table 3 is that the Dark phase yields the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p021_4.png]
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Normalised R´enyi entropy H˜ α(α) for the three experimental sessions and four phases. Left column: direct KDE method. Right column: sequence method (L = 3, K = 4 quantile symbolisation). Rows from top to bottom: Sessions 1, 2, and 3. Vertical dotted lines mark α = 0 (…
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: R´enyi entropy scalar indices as a function of experimental phase for [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p029_6.png]
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Observed Pre→Meditation differences ∆Tdir (left) and ∆Tseq (right) for the three experimental sessions (blue circles: Session 1; red squares: Session 2; green triangles: Session 3). The grey band marks the ±2σ region of the null model (stationary negative-binomial proc…
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: shows the z-scores for all four indices and all three sessions. All null distributions are centred near zero (|µ0| ≪ σ0), confirming that a station￾ary NB process does not produce systematic Pre→Meditation differences in any index: any difference observed in the experi…

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

48 extracted references · 1 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    F. A. Popp, Q. Gu, and K. H. Li. Biophoton emission: Experimental background and theoretical approaches.Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 8:1269–1296, 1994

    1994

  2. [2]

    Van Wijk.Light in Shaping Life: Biophotons in Biology and Medicine

    R. Van Wijk.Light in Shaping Life: Biophotons in Biology and Medicine. Boekenservice, Almere, The Netherlands, 2014

    2014

  3. [3]

    Cifra and P

    M. Cifra and P. Posp´ ıˇ sil. Ultra-weak photon emission from biological samples: Definition, mechanisms, properties, detection and applications. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 139:2–10, 2014

    2014

  4. [4]

    Slawinski

    J. Slawinski. Biophotons from stressed and dying organisms: Toxicologi- cal aspects.Indian J. Exp. Biol., 41(5):483–493, 2003

    2003

  5. [5]

    Janusz Slawinski.Photon Emission from Perturbed and Dying Organisms — The Concept of Photon Cycling in Biological Systems, pages 307–329. 01 2003

    2003

  6. [6]

    Colli and U

    L. Colli and U. Facchini. Light emission by germinating plant.Il Nuovo Cimento, 12(1):150–153, 1954

    1954

  7. [7]

    Colli, U

    L. Colli, U. Facchini, G. Guidotti, R. D. Lonati, M. Orsenigo, and O. Sommariva. Further measurements on the bioluminescence of the seedlings.Experientia, 11:479–481, 1955

    1955

  8. [8]

    C. M. Gallep and S. R. Dos Santos. Photon-count during germination of wheat (triticum aestivum) in wastewater sediment solution correlated with seedling growth.Seed Sci. Technol., 35:607–614, 2007

    2007

Show all 48 references
  1. [9]

    L. V. Beloussov, A. B. Burlakov, and N. N. Louchinskaia. Biophotonic pattern of optical interaction between fish eggs and embryos.Indian J. Exp. Biol., 41(5):424–430, 2003

    2003

  2. [10]

    Benfatto, E

    M. Benfatto, E. Pace, C. Curceanu, A. Scordo, A. Clozza, I. Davoli, M. Lucci, R. Francini, F. De Matteis, M. Grandi, R. Tuladhar, and 44 P. Grigolini. Biophotons and emergence of quantum coherence—a diffu- sion entropy analysis.Entropy, 23:554, 2021

    2021

  3. [11]

    De Paolis, R

    L. De Paolis, R. Francini, I. Davoli, F. De Matteis, A. Scordo, A. Clozza, M. Grandi, E. Pace, C. Curceanu, P. Grigolini, and M. Benfatto. Bio- photons: A hard problem.Applied Sciences, 14(13):5496, 2024

    2024

  4. [12]

    De Paolis, E

    L. De Paolis, E. Pace, C. M. Mazzanti, M. Morelli, F. Di Lorenzo, I. Davoli, L. Tonello, C. Curceanu, A. Clozza, M. Grandi, P. Grigolini, and M. Benfatto. First experimental measurements of biophotons from astrocytes and glioblastoma cell cultures.Entropy, 28(1):112, 2026

    2026

  5. [13]

    J. Li, C. Xia, Y. Wang, L. Chen, and J. Dai. In vivo imaging of biophoton emission in the whole brain of mice.Natural Science, 13(2):407–411, 2021

    2021

  6. [14]

    Salari, H

    V. Salari, H. Valian, H. Bassereh, I. B´ okkon, and A. Barkhordari. Ultra- weak photon emission in the brain.Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, 14(3):419–429, 2015

    2015

  7. [15]

    Salari, V

    V. Salari, V. Seshan, L. Frankle, D. England, C. Simon, and D. Oblak. Imaging ultraweak photon emission from living and dead mice and from plants under stress.The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 16(17):4354–4362, 2025

    2025

  8. [16]

    Tsuchida, T

    K. Tsuchida, T. Iwasa, and M. Kobayashi. Imaging of ultraweak photon emission for evaluating the oxidative stress of human skin.Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 198:111562, 2019

    2019

  9. [17]

    L. W. E. Tessaro, B. T. Dotta, and M. A. Persinger. Bacterial biophotons as non-local information carriers: Species-specific spectral characteristics of a stress response.Microbiol. Open, 8:761, 2019

    2019

  10. [18]

    F. A. Popp. Cancer growth and its inhibition in terms of coherence. Electromag. Biol. Med., 28:53–60, 2009. 45

    2009

  11. [19]

    The concept of biopho- tonic signaling in the human body and brain: rationale, problems and directions.Frontiers in systems neuroscience, 19:1597329, 2025

    Ganna Nevoit, Kristina Poderiene, Maksim Potyazhenko, Ozar Mintser, Gediminas Jarusevicius, and Alfonsas Vainoras. The concept of biopho- tonic signaling in the human body and brain: rationale, problems and directions.Frontiers in systems neuroscience, 19:1597329, 2025

    2025

  12. [20]

    Spatial characterization of human ultra-weak photon emission

    Roeland Van Wijk, Masaki Kobayashi, and Eduard PA Van Wijk. Spatial characterization of human ultra-weak photon emission. InBiophotonics and coherent systems in biology, pages 177–189. Springer, 2007

    2007

  13. [21]

    Light emission from the human body.Complement Med Res, 3:16–19, 1989

    R Edwards, MC Ibison, J Jessel-Kenyon, and RB Taylor. Light emission from the human body.Complement Med Res, 3:16–19, 1989

    1989

  14. [22]

    Multi-site recording and spectral analysis of spontaneous photon emission from human body

    Eduard PA Van Wijk and Roeland Van Wijk. Multi-site recording and spectral analysis of spontaneous photon emission from human body. Forsch. Komplement¨ armed. Klass. Naturheilkd, 12:96–106, 2005

    2005

  15. [23]

    Roeland Van Wijk, Masaki Kobayashi, and Eduard PA Van Wijk. Anatomic characterization of human ultra-weak photon emission with a moveable photomultiplier and ccd imaging.Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 83(1):69–76, 2006

    2006

  16. [24]

    Roeland Van Wijk, Eduard P. A. Van Wijk, and Michal Cifra. Sponta- neous ultra-weak photon emission from human hands varies diurnally. In Markus Faupel and Henricus J. C. M. Sterenborg, editors,Photonics in Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, volume 6633 ofProc. SPIE, page 66330L, 2007

    2007

  17. [25]

    Imaging of ultraweak spontaneous photon emission from human body displaying diurnal rhythm.PLoS one, 4(7):e6256, 2009

    Masaki Kobayashi, Daisuke Kikuchi, and Hitoshi Okamura. Imaging of ultraweak spontaneous photon emission from human body displaying diurnal rhythm.PLoS one, 4(7):e6256, 2009

    2009

  18. [26]

    Year-long biophoton measurements: normalized frequency count analysis and seasonal dependency.Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 78(2):149–154, 2005

    Hyun-Hee Jung, Joon-Mo Yang, Won-Myung Woo, Chunho Choi, Jong- Soo Yang, and Kwang-Sup Soh. Year-long biophoton measurements: normalized frequency count analysis and seasonal dependency.Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 78(2):149–154, 2005. 46

    2005

  19. [27]

    Year long measurement of biophoton emission of hands and feet.NeuroQuantology, 6(4):464–471, 2008

    Fr´ ed´ eric Laager, JC Choi, Sang-Hyun Park, Joon-Mo Yang, and Kwang- Sup Soh. Year long measurement of biophoton emission of hands and feet.NeuroQuantology, 6(4):464–471, 2008

    2008

  20. [28]

    Whole-body counting of biophotons and its relation to biological rhythms

    S Cohen and FA Popp. Whole-body counting of biophotons and its relation to biological rhythms. InBiophotons, pages 183–191. Springer, 1998

    1998

  21. [29]

    Investigation on the biophysical features of strong luminescence phenomena in the 14 channel of human body

    ZQ Yan, YQ Shi, and YZ Wang. Investigation on the biophysical features of strong luminescence phenomena in the 14 channel of human body. Zhen ci yan jiu= Acupuncture Research, 14(3):389–394, 1989

    1989

  22. [30]

    Jun-Mo Yang, Hyun-Hee Jung, Won-Myung Woo, Seung-Ho Lee, Jong- Su Yang, Kwang-Sup Soh, and Gil-Won Yoon. Investigation of the correlation between left and right biophotons and between the palms and backs of the hands (in korean).Journal of the Optical Society of Korea, 15(4):3...

    2004

  23. [31]

    Left-right asymmetry of biophoton emission from hemiparesis patients

    Hyun Hee Jung, Won-Myung Woo, Joon-Mo Yang, Chunho Choi, Jong- han Lee, Gilwon Yoon, Jong S Yang, Sungmuk Lee, and Kwang-Sup Soh. Left-right asymmetry of biophoton emission from hemiparesis patients. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 41(5):452–456, 2003

    2003

  24. [32]

    Effects of exercises on biophoton emission of the wrist

    Fr´ ed´ eric Laager, Sang-Hyun Park, Joon-Mo Yang, Wook Song, and Kwang-Sup Soh. Effects of exercises on biophoton emission of the wrist. European journal of applied physiology, 102(4):463–469, 2008

    2008

  25. [33]

    Yin/yang polarization: quantitative diagnostic evaluation using biophoton measurement from human hands and feet

    Joon-Mo Yang, Chunho Choi, Ji Hun Yu, Kwang-Sup Soh, Sun Mi Choi, and Yeonhee Ryu. Yin/yang polarization: quantitative diagnostic evaluation using biophoton measurement from human hands and feet. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine: Paradigm, Practice, and Po...

    2006

  26. [34]

    Eduard P. A. Van Wijk, John Ackerman, and Roeland Van Wijk. Ef- fect of meditation on ultraweak photon emission from hands and fore- head.Forschende Komplement¨ armedizin und Klassische Naturheilkunde, 12(2):107–112, 2005. 47

    2005

  27. [35]

    Eduard P. A. Van Wijk, Heike Koch, Saskia Bosman, and Roeland Van Wijk. Anatomic characterization of human ultra-weak photon emis- sion in practitioners of transcendental meditation and control subjects. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 12(1):31–38, 2006

    2006

  28. [36]

    Changes in biofield measures and experienced states during meditation and breathwork practices: an uncontrolled feasibility study.Frontiers in Psychology, 17:1623301, 2026

    Natalie L Dyer, Meredith L Sprengel, Ivo Stuldreher, Koen van der Sanden, Anne-Marie Brouwer, S´ ebastien Velut, John A Ives, Yu Yan, and Eduard van Wijk. Changes in biofield measures and experienced states during meditation and breathwork practices: an uncontrolled feasibilit...

    2026

  29. [37]

    Neural correlates of non-ordinary states of consciousness in Pranayama practitioners: the role of slow nasal breathing

    Andrea Zaccaro, Andrea Piarulli, Lorenza Melosini, Danilo Menicucci, and Angelo Gemignani. Neural correlates of non-ordinary states of consciousness in Pranayama practitioners: the role of slow nasal breathing. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 16:803904, 2022

    2022

  30. [38]

    Rohisha Tuladhar, Gyanendra Bohara, Paolo Grigolini, and Bruce J. West. Meditation-induced coherence and crucial events.Frontiers in Physiology, 9:626, 2018

    2018

  31. [39]

    Jelinek, Rohisha Tuladhar, Garland Culbreth, Gyanendra Bohara, David Cornforth, Bruce J

    Herbert F. Jelinek, Rohisha Tuladhar, Garland Culbreth, Gyanendra Bohara, David Cornforth, Bruce J. West, and Paolo Grigolini. Diffu- sion entropy vs. multiscale and R´ enyi entropy to detect progression of autonomic neuropathy.Frontiers in Physiology, 11:607324, 2021

    2021

  32. [40]

    Advanced data analysis of spontaneous biophoton emission: A multi- method approach.arXiv, arXiv:2511.11080, 2025

    Maurizio Benfatto, Luca De Paolis, Lucio Tonello, and Paolo Grigolini. Advanced data analysis of spontaneous biophoton emission: A multi- method approach.arXiv, arXiv:2511.11080, 2025

    2025

  33. [41]

    S. B. Lowen and M. C. Teich.Fractal-Based Point Processes. Wiley- Interscience, Hoboken, NJ, 2005

    2005

  34. [42]

    D. W. Allan. Statistics of atomic frequency standards.Proc. IEEE, 54(2):221–230, 1966. 48

    1966

  35. [43]

    Scafetta and P

    N. Scafetta and P. Grigolini. Scaling detection in time series: Diffusion entropy analysis.Phys. Rev. E, 66:036130, 2002

    2002

  36. [44]

    Allegrini, P

    P. Allegrini, P. Grigolini, P. Hamilton, L. Palatella, and G. Raffaelli. Memory beyond memory in heart beating, a sign of a healthy physiological condition.Phys. Rev. E, 65:041926, 2002

    2002

  37. [45]

    Allegrini, V

    P. Allegrini, V. Benci, P. Grigolini, P. Hamilton, G. Menconi, L. Palatella, G. Raffaelli, N. Scafetta, and M. Virgilio. Compression and diffusion: A joint approach to detect complexity.Chaos Solitons Fractals, 15(3):517– 535, 2003

    2003

  38. [46]

    Grigolini

    P. Grigolini. Emergence of biological complexity: Criticality, renewal and memory.Chaos Solitons Fractal, 81:575–588, 2015

    2015

  39. [47]

    Culbreth, B

    G. Culbreth, B. J. West, and P. Grigolini. Entropic approach to the detection of crucial events.Entropy, 21(2):178, 2019

    2019

  40. [48]

    Allegrini, D

    P. Allegrini, D. Menicucci, R. Bedini, L. Fronzoni, A. Gemignani, P. Par- adisi, and P. Grigolini. Spontaneous brain activity as a source of ideal 1/f noise.Phys. Rev. E, 80(6):061914, 2009. 49

    2009

Pith tools

Reviewed June 29, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.