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arxiv: 2606.00058 · v1 · pith:I4OLEBESnew · submitted 2026-05-19 · 💻 cs.CR

A Survey on Security with Quantum Computing

Manik Kumar Sangala , Robin Naira , Akhirul Islam , Sudip Biswas , Manojit Ghose This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-30 18:17 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 💻 cs.CR
keywords quantum computingcybersecuritypost-quantum cryptographyquantum threatssecurity mechanismsintrusion detectionIoT securityerror mitigation
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The pith

Quantum computing creates both new security threats to classical systems and new defensive tools, as mapped in this survey.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper sets out to organize the growing body of work on quantum-related security by separating vulnerabilities inside quantum hardware and software, the dangers quantum machines pose to existing cryptography and networks, and the countermeasures being built such as post-quantum cryptography and quantum-based detection systems. It also reviews how quantum methods might improve malware detection, IoT protection, and intrusion prevention while addressing error mitigation for noisy quantum hardware. A reader would care because current encryption standards rest on problems that quantum computers can solve efficiently, so knowing the full landscape helps decide what must be replaced and what new capabilities can be adopted.

Core claim

By examining security issues in quantum computers, security threats caused by quantum computers, and security mechanisms developed for quantum systems, the survey reviews hardware and software vulnerabilities, the impact of quantum computing on cryptographic infrastructures, post-quantum cryptography, quantum-safe communication protocols, quantum intrusion detection systems, quantum-aware software engineering, applications in malware and network detection plus IoT security, and quantum error mitigation and fault-tolerance methods, thereby supplying a structured overview that serves as a reference for secure and quantum-ready infrastructures.

What carries the argument

The tripartite division into security issues inside quantum computers, threats quantum computers create for classical systems, and security mechanisms built for or with quantum systems, which structures the review of vulnerabilities, impacts, and solutions.

Load-bearing premise

The papers and topics chosen for review give a complete and unbiased picture of the current state of quantum security research.

What would settle it

Discovery of a major recent advance in quantum hardware vulnerabilities, a widely used post-quantum scheme, or an application in cybersecurity that the survey omits and that changes the overall structure of challenges and mitigations presented.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.00058 by Akhirul Islam, Manik Kumar Sangala, Manojit Ghose, Robin Naira, Sudip Biswas.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Organization of the paper. 2 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Types of quantum error mitigation techniques [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Mapping of quantum-induced cybersecurity issues and their solutions across key domains. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_3.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Quantum computing has emerged as a transformative computing paradigm capable of solving problems that remain computationally infeasible for classical systems; however, its rapid advancement also introduces significant security, privacy, and reliability concerns. In this context, this survey presents a comprehensive review of security challenges and mitigation strategies associated with quantum computing, focusing on security issues in quantum computers, security threats caused by quantum computers, and security mechanisms developed for quantum systems. The paper examines vulnerabilities in quantum hardware and software, the impact of quantum computing on existing cryptographic infrastructures and cybersecurity mechanisms, and the development of quantum-resilient solutions such as post-quantum cryptography, quantum-safe communication protocols, quantum intrusion detection systems, and quantum-aware software engineering techniques. In addition, the survey discusses emerging applications of quantum technologies in cybersecurity domains, including malware detection, network intrusion detection, Internet of Things (IoT) security, and secure communication systems. Furthermore, the paper analyzes existing quantum error mitigation and fault-tolerance approaches designed to improve the robustness and trustworthiness of quantum computation under realistic noisy conditions. By consolidating recent advances, open research challenges, and future directions, this survey provides a structured overview of the evolving intersection between quantum computing and cybersecurity, while serving as a reference for researchers and practitioners working toward secure, resilient, and quantum-ready computing infrastructures.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 0 minor

Summary. The manuscript is a survey on the intersection of quantum computing and cybersecurity. It reviews security challenges in quantum hardware and software, threats that quantum computers pose to classical cryptographic systems, and mitigation approaches including post-quantum cryptography, quantum-safe protocols, quantum intrusion detection, IoT security applications, and quantum error mitigation/fault tolerance techniques. The paper consolidates recent advances, open challenges, and future directions with the goal of serving as a reference for researchers and practitioners building quantum-resilient infrastructures.

Significance. If the literature selection proves representative, the survey could provide a useful structured overview of an emerging interdisciplinary area. Its potential value lies in mapping hardware vulnerabilities, post-quantum defenses, and quantum-enhanced security tools into one document; however, the absence of explicit selection criteria or coverage metrics limits its immediate utility as a definitive reference.

major comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: the central claim that the survey 'consolidates recent advances' and 'serves as a reference' rests on an unstated assumption of comprehensive, unbiased literature coverage. No inclusion/exclusion criteria, search methodology, or quantitative coverage statistics (e.g., number of papers per sub-topic) are supplied, which directly undermines the assertion of representativeness across hardware threats, post-quantum crypto, IoT, and error mitigation.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their constructive feedback highlighting the need for greater transparency in our literature selection process. We agree this is a valid point that can be addressed through revision and will strengthen the manuscript's value as a reference.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: the central claim that the survey 'consolidates recent advances' and 'serves as a reference' rests on an unstated assumption of comprehensive, unbiased literature coverage. No inclusion/exclusion criteria, search methodology, or quantitative coverage statistics (e.g., number of papers per sub-topic) are supplied, which directly undermines the assertion of representativeness across hardware threats, post-quantum crypto, IoT, and error mitigation.

    Authors: We acknowledge that the abstract's claims would be better supported by explicit methodology details, which are currently absent from the manuscript. While the survey draws from key literature in the field identified through standard academic searches, no formal selection criteria or statistics were documented. In the revised version, we will insert a new 'Survey Methodology' subsection (likely in Section 1 or as an appendix) that specifies: search databases (IEEE Xplore, ACM DL, arXiv, Google Scholar), keywords and time range (2015–2024), inclusion criteria (peer-reviewed works on quantum hardware/software security, post-quantum cryptography, quantum-enhanced security tools, and error mitigation), exclusion criteria (non-English papers, purely theoretical works without security focus), and approximate coverage (e.g., ~X papers on hardware threats, ~Y on PQC). This addition will directly address the concern about representativeness without altering the survey's scope or conclusions. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: literature survey with no derivations or fitted predictions

full rationale

This is a survey paper whose central claim is that it consolidates recent advances from the literature into a structured overview. No equations, predictions, fitted parameters, or derivation chains appear in the abstract or described content. The patterns of self-definitional claims, fitted inputs renamed as predictions, self-citation load-bearing uniqueness theorems, or ansatz smuggling are absent because the work performs no original derivation that could reduce to its own inputs. The selection of reviewed topics is an editorial choice whose representativeness is an external validity question, not a circular reduction within any claimed derivation. Therefore the paper is self-contained against the circularity criteria and receives score 0.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

As a survey paper with no original technical claims, the work introduces no free parameters, axioms, or invented entities.

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Reference graph

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