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arxiv: 2606.00473 · v1 · pith:GJDRZ2FMnew · submitted 2026-05-30 · 🪐 quant-ph · physics.ins-det

Accelerating Surface Radiation Content to Investigate the Impact of Radon Progeny on Superconducting Qubits

Sagar S. Poudel , Dylan J. Temples , Ryan Linehan , Alejandro Rodriguez , Matthew Hall , Dax Kay , Nathaniel Rodenburg , Daniel Baxter
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Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano Richard W. Schnee Lauren Hsu
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-28 19:00 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🪐 quant-ph physics.ins-det
keywords superconducting qubitsradon progenyalpha decaysdecoherenceplateoutionizing radiationquantum computing scaling
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The pith

A setup accelerates radon daughter plateout by 70000 times ambient levels to study its impact on superconducting qubits in situ.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper introduces an experimental setup that speeds up the deposition of radon progeny on qubit and packaging surfaces by a factor of 7 times 10 to the 4. This creates a controllable local source of alpha decays that normally builds up slowly during fabrication and testing and can persist for decades. The method lets researchers observe the resulting phonon and quasiparticle poisoning effects on qubits without waiting for natural accumulation. Because the effect scales with chip area, the work targets radiation management needed for larger qubit arrays.

Core claim

We present a setup capable of accelerating and enhancing radon daughter plateout by a factor of 7×10^4 over ambient, in order to study, in situ, the impact of these events on superconducting qubits. We also provide outlook on the potential impact of this source of ionizing radiation on current and future qubit arrays.

What carries the argument

The radon daughter plateout acceleration setup, which boosts surface deposition rate by 70000 times to simulate long-term natural exposure in a short experimental window.

If this is right

  • Surface plateout from radon daughters must be managed separately from external cosmic or ambient radiation when scaling qubit arrays.
  • The accelerated setup enables direct in-situ testing of mitigation techniques during the device lifecycle.
  • Larger chip areas will accumulate proportionally more of this persistent alpha source unless plateout is reduced at fabrication and packaging stages.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The same acceleration technique could be applied to test other surface contaminants or packaging materials for their radiation effects on qubits.
  • If plateout proves significant, fabrication protocols might incorporate radon-minimizing steps such as controlled atmospheres during assembly.
  • Future large-scale quantum processors could require dedicated surface passivation or active cleaning methods to limit this long-lived radiation source.

Load-bearing premise

The accelerated plate-out process produces the same local alpha-decay environment and qubit response as the slow natural plate-out that occurs over the device lifecycle.

What would settle it

A side-by-side measurement showing that qubit decoherence rates or error signatures differ between accelerated plateout exposure and an equivalent total dose from natural plateout accumulated over months or years.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.00473 by Alejandro Rodriguez, Daniel Baxter, Dax Kay, Dylan J. Temples, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Lauren Hsu, Matthew Hall, Nathaniel Rodenburg, Richard W. Schnee, Ryan Linehan, Sagar S. Poudel.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2: Left: The radon exposure apparatus showing the flow-through [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4: Measurements of total surface activity (per sq. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: FIG. 6: Absolute [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: FIG. 7: The simulated reconstructed energy spectrum [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: FIG. 8: Ortec Alpha Duo Alpha Spectrometer [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: FIG. 10: An exponential fit to the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_10.png] view at source ↗
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: FIG. 11: Evolution of the Dead-Air model during the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p014_11.png] view at source ↗
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: FIG. 12: Increase in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p014_12.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Ionizing radiation in the form of $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$, and additional high-energy particles can induce decoherence via phonon and quasiparticle poisoning in superconducting qubits. Recent studies have explored this effect using cosmic rays or controlled radioactive sources held in the proximity of a qubit package, and have concluded that reductions in such ``external'' environmental radiation may benefit stable operation of qubit devices. However, the effect of long-lived, unstable daughters of $^{222}$Rn that ``plate out'' directly on device and packaging surfaces has not been as extensively explored. This plate-out process, well-known to the dark matter direct detection field, occurs throughout the fabrication and testing lifecycle of a device and (separately) its packaging, and produces a local source of $\alpha$-decays which can remain active for decades. As this scales with chip area, understanding and managing this source of ionizing radiation is relevant for successfully scaling quantum computing architectures to larger numbers of qubits in a radiation-robust way. We present a setup capable of accelerating and enhancing radon daughter plateout by a factor of $7\times10^4$ over ambient, in order to study, \textit{in situ}, the impact of these events on superconducting qubits. We also provide outlook on the potential impact of this source of ionizing radiation on current and future qubit arrays.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 0 minor

Summary. The manuscript presents an experimental setup intended to accelerate and enhance the plate-out of radon daughters on surfaces by a factor of 7×10^4 relative to ambient conditions. The goal is to enable in-situ investigation of α-decay effects from these long-lived daughters on superconducting qubits, with additional discussion of implications for scaling qubit arrays.

Significance. If the acceleration factor is experimentally validated and the accelerated process is shown to produce an equivalent local decay environment to natural plate-out, the setup could provide a useful controlled method for studying an under-explored source of ionizing radiation in qubit devices. This would be relevant for radiation-robust scaling of quantum processors, building on prior work with cosmic rays and external sources.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: The central claim that the setup accelerates radon daughter plateout by a factor of 7×10^4 is stated without any supporting data, validation measurements, error analysis, or direct comparison to ambient conditions. This leaves the capability of the apparatus unverified and is load-bearing for the paper's primary contribution.
  2. [Abstract] Abstract (plate-out process description): The premise that the accelerated plate-out produces the same local α-decay environment (including spatial distribution, surface binding, and phonon/quasiparticle sources) as the slow natural process over device lifetimes is asserted but not addressed or tested. Differences arising from elevated radon levels, fields, or humidity could invalidate the in-situ equivalence, undermining the study rationale.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their constructive comments on our manuscript. We address each major comment below and indicate planned revisions.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: The central claim that the setup accelerates radon daughter plateout by a factor of 7×10^4 is stated without any supporting data, validation measurements, error analysis, or direct comparison to ambient conditions. This leaves the capability of the apparatus unverified and is load-bearing for the paper's primary contribution.

    Authors: We agree that the abstract states the acceleration factor without supporting details or validation. The factor is based on the setup design parameters (controlled radon concentration and electrostatic enhancement), but the current manuscript provides neither the explicit calculation, error analysis, nor direct ambient comparison. We will revise the manuscript to include this supporting information, either as a dedicated methods subsection or supplementary material, with references to ambient plateout rates. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract (plate-out process description): The premise that the accelerated plate-out produces the same local α-decay environment (including spatial distribution, surface binding, and phonon/quasiparticle sources) as the slow natural process over device lifetimes is asserted but not addressed or tested. Differences arising from elevated radon levels, fields, or humidity could invalidate the in-situ equivalence, undermining the study rationale.

    Authors: The equivalence is based on the physics that the same long-lived daughters are deposited, producing identical α-decays. The manuscript does not explicitly discuss or test for differences arising from the acceleration method. We will add a discussion paragraph in the revised version addressing potential impacts of radon levels, fields, and humidity, citing precedents from dark matter experiments, while noting this as a limitation of the current work. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: experimental apparatus description only

full rationale

The paper is a description of an experimental setup to accelerate radon daughter plateout by a stated factor of 7×10^4 for in-situ qubit studies. No derivations, equations, fitted parameters, or predictions appear in the abstract or claimed central result. The weakest assumption (equivalence of accelerated vs natural plateout environments) is an empirical premise to be tested by the apparatus itself, not a self-referential derivation. No self-citations, ansatzes, or uniqueness theorems are invoked as load-bearing steps. This is a standard non-circular experimental methods paper.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

No mathematical model, free parameters, or new entities are introduced in the abstract; the contribution is an experimental apparatus whose performance claims rest on unshown measurements.

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discussion (0)

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Reference graph

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