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arxiv: 2606.02422 · v2 · pith:QSB6KNQ3new · submitted 2026-06-01 · ❄️ cond-mat.str-el · cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Suppression of p-Wave Altermagnetism by Localized 4f Electrons in CeNiAsO

Jiuxiang Zhang , Yueyang Sun , Honglin Zhou , Jumin Shi , Di Wu , Hongze Gu , Wenjin Mao , Hengrui Dong
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Yu Xu Yinghao Li Ziling Cao Taimin Miao Bo Liang Neng Cai Wenpei Zhu Mingkai Xu Jiaqi Chen Chunhong Deng Bo Liu Xun Ma Zhengtai Liu Mao Ye Shenjin Zhang Zhimin Wang Fengfeng Zhang Feng Yang Qinjun Peng Zuyan Xu Guodong Liu Xintong Li Hanqing Mao Shiliang Li Hongming Weng Lin Zhao X. J. Zhou
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-28 12:46 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci
keywords altermagnetismp-waveCeNiAsOARPESKondo lattice4f localizationheavy fermionsNi 3d bands
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The pith

Localized Ce 4f electrons suppress observable p-wave altermagnetic splitting in CeNiAsO

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

CeNiAsO is a Kondo-lattice compound whose symmetry allows p-wave altermagnetism. High-resolution ARPES measurements find that the Ni 3d-derived conduction bands show no detectable near-Fermi-level exchange splitting through the antiferromagnetic transitions. Band calculations that treat the Ce 4f electrons as itinerant predict a sizable splitting, yet the same calculations with localized 4f character move the Ce 4f weight off the Fermi level and shrink the splitting on the Ni bands to only a few meV. These results demonstrate that strong f-electron localization can suppress the single-particle signature of altermagnetism even when the magnetic symmetry permits it.

Core claim

The magnetic symmetry of CeNiAsO permits p-wave-like band splitting, but ARPES detects none on the itinerant Ni 3d bands. Itinerant-4f calculations predict sizable splitting, while localized-4f calculations shift Ce 4f weight away from the Fermi level and reduce the Ni 3d splitting to the few-meV scale. Localized 4f electrons therefore strongly suppress the observable itinerant single-particle signature of p-wave altermagnetism.

What carries the argument

Localized Ce 4f character in band-structure calculations, which shifts itinerant Ce 4f band weight away from the Fermi level and reduces p-wave-like splitting on the Ni 3d-derived bands to the few-meV scale.

If this is right

  • The experimentally observed itinerant bands are mainly derived from Ni 3d orbitals.
  • Resonant photoemission shows Ce 4f states remain predominantly localized with residual c-f hybridization.
  • No resolvable p-wave-like exchange splitting appears across successive antiferromagnetic transitions.
  • The suppression cannot be captured by an itinerant-4f description.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Similar localization effects may suppress altermagnetic signatures in other heavy-fermion compounds.
  • Higher-resolution probes could still detect the residual few-meV splitting predicted by the localized model.
  • The competition between Kondo screening and magnetic order in f-electron systems can mask symmetry-allowed band splittings.

Load-bearing premise

The assumption that treating the Ce 4f electrons as localized in band-structure calculations correctly reproduces the observed suppression of splitting.

What would settle it

Detection of a p-wave-like splitting significantly larger than a few meV on the Ni 3d-derived bands in ARPES would contradict the conclusion that localized 4f electrons suppress the splitting to that scale.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.02422 by Bo Liang, Bo Liu, Chunhong Deng, Di Wu, Fengfeng Zhang, Feng Yang, Guodong Liu, Hanqing Mao, Hengrui Dong, Honglin Zhou, Hongming Weng, Hongze Gu, Jiaqi Chen, Jiuxiang Zhang, Jumin Shi, Lin Zhao, Mao Ye, Mingkai Xu, Neng Cai, Qinjun Peng, Shenjin Zhang, Shiliang Li, Taimin Miao, Wenjin Mao, Wenpei Zhu, Xintong Li, X. J. Zhou, Xun Ma, Yinghao Li, Yueyang Sun, Yu Xu, Zhengtai Liu, Zhimin Wang, Ziling Cao, Zuyan Xu.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p019_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p020_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p021_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p022_4.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Altermagnetism, characterized by momentum-dependent spin splitting and zero net magnetization, has so far been explored mainly in weakly or moderately correlated d-electron systems. How symmetry-allowed altermagnetic band splitting manifests in heavy-fermion materials, where magnetic exchange competes with Kondo correlations, remains unclear. Here we use high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to investigate CeNiAsO, a Kondo-lattice system that was predicted to be a candidate for p-wave altermagnetism. Fermi surface mapping and polarization-dependent ARPES show that the experimentally observed itinerant bands are mainly derived from Ni 3d orbitals, while resonant photoemission reveals that the Ce 4f states remain predominantly localized with residual c-f hybridization. Ultra-low-temperature measurements reveal no resolvable near-Fermi-level p-wave-like exchange splitting on the Ni 3d-derived conduction bands across the successive antiferromagnetic transitions. These experimental observations cannot be captured by an itinerant-4f band-structure description, which predicts a sizable p-wave splitting in the itinerant bands. When the localized Ce 4f character is incorporated, our band structure calculations indicate that the itinerant Ce 4f band weight is shifted away from the Fermi level and the p-wave-like splitting on the Ni 3d-derived bands is reduced to the few-meV scale. These results establish CeNiAsO as a strongly correlated f-electron setting in which the magnetic symmetry allows p-wave-like band splitting, but localized 4f electrons strongly suppress its observable itinerant single-particle signature.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 1 minor

Summary. The paper reports high-resolution ARPES and resonant photoemission data on the Kondo-lattice compound CeNiAsO, showing that the near-EF itinerant bands are Ni 3d-derived, Ce 4f states are predominantly localized with residual c-f hybridization, and no resolvable p-wave-like exchange splitting appears on the conduction bands across antiferromagnetic transitions. It contrasts this with DFT calculations: an itinerant-4f treatment predicts sizable splitting, while incorporating localized 4f character shifts 4f weight away from EF and reduces the Ni 3d splitting to the few-meV scale.

Significance. If the central claim holds, the work provides a concrete example of how strong 4f localization in a heavy-fermion setting can suppress the single-particle signature of symmetry-allowed p-wave altermagnetism that would otherwise appear in an itinerant description. The combination of polarization-dependent ARPES, resonant photoemission, and comparative band-structure calculations offers a useful benchmark for the interplay between Kondo screening and altermagnetic order in f-electron materials.

major comments (2)
  1. [calculations section / abstract] The description of the band-structure calculations that incorporate localized Ce 4f character (abstract and the calculations section) does not specify the implementation details, including the value of Hubbard U, the double-counting correction scheme, or whether a static mean-field or more advanced treatment is used. This modeling step is load-bearing for the claim that localization reduces the p-wave-like splitting on Ni 3d bands to the few-meV scale.
  2. [ARPES results section] In the ultra-low-temperature ARPES results, the assertion of 'no resolvable' near-EF p-wave-like splitting lacks explicit quantification of energy resolution, momentum resolution, data exclusion criteria, and error analysis that would rigorously support suppression below the few-meV scale (reader note on soundness).
minor comments (1)
  1. [abstract] The abstract refers to 'successive antiferromagnetic transitions' without citing the specific transition temperatures or prior literature; the main text should make this explicit for context.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the careful reading of our manuscript and the constructive comments. We address each major comment below and will revise the manuscript to incorporate the requested clarifications.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [calculations section / abstract] The description of the band-structure calculations that incorporate localized Ce 4f character (abstract and the calculations section) does not specify the implementation details, including the value of Hubbard U, the double-counting correction scheme, or whether a static mean-field or more advanced treatment is used. This modeling step is load-bearing for the claim that localization reduces the p-wave-like splitting on Ni 3d bands to the few-meV scale.

    Authors: We agree that the implementation details for the localized-4f calculations require explicit specification to support the central claim. In the revised manuscript we will expand the calculations section (and update the abstract if needed) to state the Hubbard U value, the double-counting correction scheme, and confirm the use of a static mean-field DFT+U treatment. These additions will make the modeling step fully transparent while preserving the reported reduction of the Ni 3d splitting to the few-meV scale. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [ARPES results section] In the ultra-low-temperature ARPES results, the assertion of 'no resolvable' near-EF p-wave-like splitting lacks explicit quantification of energy resolution, momentum resolution, data exclusion criteria, and error analysis that would rigorously support suppression below the few-meV scale (reader note on soundness).

    Authors: We acknowledge that the current text does not provide the quantitative details needed to rigorously substantiate the 'no resolvable' claim. In the revised manuscript we will add explicit values for the energy and momentum resolutions of the ultra-low-temperature ARPES data, describe the data exclusion criteria, and include an error analysis demonstrating that any p-wave-like splitting lies below the few-meV scale. This will strengthen the soundness of the experimental conclusion. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity; claims rest on independent ARPES data and standard DFT comparisons

full rationale

The derivation proceeds from measured ARPES spectra (no resolvable splitting on Ni 3d bands) to comparison against two classes of band-structure calculations (itinerant-4f vs localized-4f). Neither the experimental spectra nor the standard DFT treatment of localized 4f electrons (via Hubbard U or similar) is defined in terms of the target splitting result; the calculations are external benchmarks whose output is compared to data rather than fitted to it. No self-citation chain, ansatz smuggling, or renaming of known results is load-bearing for the central claim.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

Abstract-only review yields no explicit free parameters, axioms, or invented entities; the claim depends on the validity of standard ARPES interpretation and the localized-4f modeling choice in calculations.

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Reference graph

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