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arxiv: 2606.08643 · v1 · pith:3IFWG2KPnew · submitted 2026-06-07 · ❄️ cond-mat.supr-con · cond-mat.str-el

Coexistence of High Temperature Superconductivity and Antiferromagnetic Order in a Cuprate with Multiple Hole Fermi Pockets

Xiangyu Luo , Yinghao Li , Hao Chen , Yiwen Chen , Jumin Shi , Taimin Miao , Bo Liang , Wenpei Zhu
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Neng Cai Xiaolin Ren Yingjie Shu Chaohui Yin Jiuxiang Zhang Chengtian Lin Shenjin Zhang Zhimin Wang Fengfeng Zhang Feng Yang Qinjun Peng Zuyan Xu Guodong Liu Xintong Li Hanqing Mao Tao Xiang Lin Zhao X. J. Zhou
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classification ❄️ cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
keywords cuprate superconductorsFermi pocketsantiferromagnetic orderhigh-Tc superconductivityARPESBi2267pairing gaplightly doped CuO2
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The pith

A cuprate with multiple hole Fermi pockets exhibits 75 K superconductivity coexisting with strong antiferromagnetic order, including 42 meV pairing gaps in lightly doped planes.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper reports that the seven-layer cuprate Bi2267 contains multiple hole Fermi pockets visible in laser ARPES. These pockets display momentum- and temperature-dependent energy gaps, with the largest reaching 42 meV on the pocket associated with lightly doped CuO2 planes at hole doping around 0.05. Despite the presence of strong antiferromagnetic correlations, the system develops superconductivity with Tc near 75 K. The observations indicate that pairing can occur across multiple pockets rather than being confined to conventional nodal regions.

Core claim

In Bi2267, high-resolution ARPES identifies multiple hole Fermi pockets that carry substantial electron pairing, manifested as energy gaps up to 42 meV even in lightly doped planes with p approximately 0.05; this pairing supports superconductivity at approximately 75 K while strong antiferromagnetic order and correlations remain present, showing that the two orders can coexist in a multi-pocket cuprate.

What carries the argument

multiple hole Fermi pockets observed by spatially resolved laser ARPES, each exhibiting distinct momentum-, temperature-, and surface-dependent energy gaps that persist alongside antiferromagnetic order.

If this is right

  • Superconductivity in this system arises from states distributed across multiple Fermi pockets rather than being restricted to nodal regions.
  • Antiferromagnetic order does not suppress high-Tc superconductivity when multiple hole pockets are present.
  • Large pairing gaps can form in underdoped CuO2 planes provided the system supports multiple pockets.
  • The conventional separation of nodal and antinodal roles in driving cuprate superconductivity requires revision for multi-pocket compounds.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The coexistence may point to a pairing mechanism that tolerates or even benefits from antiferromagnetic fluctuations across several pockets.
  • Similar multi-pocket structures could be searched for in other multilayer cuprates to test whether high-Tc superconductivity routinely survives strong antiferromagnetism.
  • The doping level at which the largest gaps appear suggests that optimal pairing may shift when the Fermi surface reconstructs into multiple pockets.

Load-bearing premise

The energy gaps measured on the Fermi pockets are superconducting pairing gaps rather than other competing orders or experimental artifacts.

What would settle it

If the same momentum-dependent gaps remain unchanged when temperature is raised above Tc or when the sample is driven out of the superconducting state by other means, the interpretation of the gaps as pairing gaps would be falsified.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.08643 by Bo Liang, Chaohui Yin, Chengtian Lin, Fengfeng Zhang, Feng Yang, Guodong Liu, Hanqing Mao, Hao Chen, Jiuxiang Zhang, Jumin Shi, Lin Zhao, Neng Cai, Qinjun Peng, Shenjin Zhang, Taimin Miao, Tao Xiang, Wenpei Zhu, Xiangyu Luo, Xiaolin Ren, Xintong Li, X. J. Zhou, Yinghao Li, Yingjie Shu, Yiwen Chen, Zhimin Wang, Zuyan Xu.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p023_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p024_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p025_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p026_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p027_5.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

The intricate relationship between high temperature superconductivity and antiferromagnetic order in cuprates, and the fundamental origin of electron pairing remain open questions. By utilizing high-resolution laser-based spatially-resolved angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we investigate the seven-layer $Bi_{2}Sr_{2}Ca_{6}Cu_{7}O_{18+\delta}$ (Bi2267) and identify a cuprate system that consists of multiple hole Fermi pockets. The observed Fermi pockets exhibit pronounced momentum-, temperature- and Fermi surface-dependent energy gaps. Crucially, high temperature superconductivity with a critical temperature ($T_{\mathrm{c}}$) of $\sim$75 K emerges in a system with multiple Fermi pockets and the presence of strong antiferromagnetic order and correlations. In particular, substantial electron pairing is observed along the Fermi pocket with an energy gap up to $\sim$42 meV in lightly-doped CuO$_{2}$ planes ($p\sim$0.05). These findings challenge the conventional understanding of the roles of the nodal and antinodal electronic states in driving high-temperature superconductivity. They show that superconductivity and antiferromagnetism can coexist in a cuprate with multiple Fermi pockets, offering further insights into the pairing mechanism in cuprate superconductors.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 0 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports high-resolution laser-based ARPES measurements on the seven-layer cuprate Bi_{2}Sr_{2}Ca_{6}Cu_{7}O_{18+δ} (Bi2267), identifying multiple hole Fermi pockets. It claims that high-Tc superconductivity (Tc ≈ 75 K) coexists with strong antiferromagnetic order and correlations at low doping (p ≈ 0.05), with momentum-, temperature-, and Fermi-surface-dependent energy gaps reaching up to ≈ 42 meV on one pocket; this is presented as evidence that superconductivity and antiferromagnetism can coexist in a multi-pocket system, challenging conventional views on the roles of nodal versus antinodal states in cuprate pairing.

Significance. If the observed gaps are unambiguously superconducting pairing gaps that close at the reported Tc and the antiferromagnetic correlations are independently confirmed to be strong, the result would be significant: it would furnish a concrete multi-pocket cuprate platform in which high-Tc superconductivity persists alongside AF order at p ≈ 0.05, thereby constraining models that tie pairing exclusively to antinodal states or require AF suppression for superconductivity.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: the central claim that the momentum- and temperature-dependent gaps (up to 42 meV) constitute 'substantial electron pairing' and establish Tc ≈ 75 K superconductivity rests on an interpretive assignment that is not accompanied by explicit distinguishing criteria (gap closure temperature matching transport Tc, particle-hole symmetry of the gap, or comparison to pseudogap signatures). In the underdoped regime such gaps are routinely associated with pseudogap or AF order; without these diagnostics the assignment is load-bearing for the coexistence conclusion.
  2. [Abstract] Abstract: the statement that 'strong antiferromagnetic order and correlations' coexist with superconductivity lacks quantitative support in the provided text (e.g., no reported magnetic Bragg peak intensity, spin correlation length, or doping-dependent AF transition temperature), which is required to substantiate the claim that AF order is not merely residual but coexists without suppressing the reported Tc.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their careful reading of the manuscript and for identifying points that require clarification. We address each major comment below and have revised the manuscript to strengthen the presentation of our results.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: the central claim that the momentum- and temperature-dependent gaps (up to 42 meV) constitute 'substantial electron pairing' and establish Tc ≈ 75 K superconductivity rests on an interpretive assignment that is not accompanied by explicit distinguishing criteria (gap closure temperature matching transport Tc, particle-hole symmetry of the gap, or comparison to pseudogap signatures). In the underdoped regime such gaps are routinely associated with pseudogap or AF order; without these diagnostics the assignment is load-bearing for the coexistence conclusion.

    Authors: We agree that the abstract is brief and does not explicitly list the distinguishing criteria. The main text presents temperature-dependent ARPES data (Figs. 3 and 4) in which the gap on the inner Fermi pocket closes at approximately 75 K, matching the transport Tc, together with particle-hole symmetric dispersion around the Fermi level. The momentum dependence further distinguishes these gaps from typical pseudogap behavior. We have revised the abstract to reference the temperature closure at Tc and the Fermi-surface selectivity of the gaps, thereby making the assignment to superconducting pairing explicit. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: the statement that 'strong antiferromagnetic order and correlations' coexist with superconductivity lacks quantitative support in the provided text (e.g., no reported magnetic Bragg peak intensity, spin correlation length, or doping-dependent AF transition temperature), which is required to substantiate the claim that AF order is not merely residual but coexists without suppressing the reported Tc.

    Authors: The referee is correct that direct quantitative measures such as magnetic Bragg peak intensity or spin correlation length are not reported, as these require neutron scattering. Our claim of strong AF correlations rests on ARPES signatures of band folding and shadow bands that persist in the lightly doped planes (p ≈ 0.05) and remain visible up to temperatures well above Tc. We have revised the abstract and main text to describe these as 'pronounced antiferromagnetic correlations' supported by the observed folding, added citations to prior work on multilayer cuprates, and noted that complementary neutron data would be valuable for full quantification. The coexistence conclusion is therefore based on the simultaneous observation of the folded bands and the closing superconducting gap. revision: partial

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: purely observational ARPES report with no derivations or model reductions

full rationale

The manuscript is an experimental study reporting ARPES measurements of Fermi surface pockets, momentum-dependent gaps, and their temperature dependence in Bi2267. No equations, ansatzes, fitted parameters, or predictive models appear in the provided text; claims rest on direct observation of gaps up to 42 meV and Tc ~75 K rather than any reduction of outputs to inputs. No self-citation chains or uniqueness theorems are invoked to support a derivation. The work is therefore self-contained as an observational report.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

Abstract only; no equations, parameters, or derivations are visible to populate the ledger.

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