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arxiv: 2606.27279 · v1 · pith:5R3NUMMUnew · submitted 2026-06-25 · ❄️ cond-mat.mes-hall

Strong coupling between propagating spin wave and microwave photons in a superconducting resonator

Yi Li , Jinho Lim , Xingzhi Wang , Tomas Polakovic , Carissa Kiehl , Moojune Song , Phuoc Cao Van , Ralu Divan
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Ulrich Welp Charudatta Phatak Jong-Ryul Jeong Kab-Jin Kim Jian-Min Zuo Axel Hoffmann Valentine Novosad
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-26 02:08 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.mes-hall
keywords strong couplingspin wavessuperconducting resonatormagnonicsyttrium iron garnetDamon-Eshbachnonreciprocityhybrid systems
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The pith

Strong coupling is demonstrated between propagating spin waves and microwave photons in a superconducting resonator fabricated on a magnetic film.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper establishes that fabricating a superconducting resonator directly on yttrium iron garnet thin films allows both Damon-Eshbach and backward-volume spin wave modes to couple strongly to the resonator photons. The coupling strengths are shown to exceed the damping rates of the magnons and photons. This hybrid system also exhibits nonreciprocal spin wave radiation in the Damon-Eshbach setup. A reader would care because it bridges propagating spin waves with cavity magnonics for potential quantum applications.

Core claim

By fabricating the resonator directly on yttrium iron garnet thin films grown on rare-earth-free Y3Sc2Ga3O12 substrates, we achieve strong coupling of both Damon-Eshbach and backward-volume spin wave modes to the resonator, with coupling strengths exceeding both the magnon and photon damping rates. Furthermore, we observe nonreciprocal spin wave radiation of the hybrid magnonic mode in the Damon-Eshbach configuration.

What carries the argument

The hybrid magnonic mode arising from the interaction between propagating spin waves in the YIG film and photons in the superconducting resonator, identified by avoided crossings where the coupling rate surpasses damping rates.

If this is right

  • Spin-wave magnonics can be integrated with cavity magnonics in hybrid circuits.
  • Intrinsic spin-wave nonreciprocity can be incorporated into hybrid magnonic systems.
  • Spin waves become viable for applications in quantum information science.
  • New devices combining propagating spin waves with superconducting circuits are enabled.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • This approach might allow spin waves to mediate coherent interactions between multiple quantum elements.
  • Extending the method to other magnetic materials could broaden the range of frequencies or properties accessible.
  • The nonreciprocity observed could be used to design directional magnonic components without additional elements.

Load-bearing premise

The claim of strong coupling rests on the extracted coupling rate exceeding the measured damping rates of the separate modes, assuming fabrication and substrate effects do not introduce unaccounted losses that change this comparison.

What would settle it

Measuring the spectrum and finding that the splitting or linewidth behavior does not match the expected strong-coupling regime when accounting for all loss channels would falsify the interpretation.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.27279 by Axel Hoffmann, Carissa Kiehl, Charudatta Phatak, Jian-Min Zuo, Jinho Lim, Jong-Ryul Jeong, Kab-Jin Kim, Moojune Song, Phuoc Cao Van, Ralu Divan, Tomas Polakovic, Ulrich Welp, Valentine Novosad, Xingzhi Wang, Yi Li.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1. (a) Illustration of the YIG- [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2. (a) Schematic and optical microscope of meander su [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. (a) Extracted frequency offset between the Damon [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_4.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

We demonstrate strong coupling between propagating spin wave modes and microwave photons in superconducting resonator-magnetic thin film hybrid circuits. By fabricating the resonator directly on yttrium iron garnet thin films grown on rare-earth-free Y$_3$Sc$_2$Ga$_3$O$_{12}$ substrates, we achieve strong coupling of both Damon-Eshbach and backward-volume spin wave modes to the resonator, with coupling strengths exceeding both the magnon and photon damping rates. Furthermore, we observe nonreciprocal spin wave radiation of the hybrid magnonic mode in the Damon-Eshbach configuration, highlighting the potential for incorporating intrinsic spin-wave nonreciprocity into hybrid magnonic systems. These results open new avenues for integrating spin-wave magnonics with cavity magnonics, and for harnessing spin waves for potential applications in quantum information science.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports an experimental demonstration of strong coupling between propagating spin-wave modes (both Damon-Eshbach and backward-volume) in a YIG thin film and microwave photons confined in a superconducting resonator fabricated directly on the film. Coupling rates are stated to exceed the separately measured magnon and photon damping rates, and nonreciprocal spin-wave radiation is reported for the hybrid mode in the Damon-Eshbach geometry. The work positions itself as bridging propagating magnonics with cavity magnonics for potential quantum-information applications.

Significance. If the central claim of strong coupling is substantiated by the data, the result would be significant for hybrid magnonic systems because it incorporates propagating modes (rather than only localized Kittel modes) and adds intrinsic nonreciprocity. The use of a rare-earth-free substrate is a practical strength for integration.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract / Results (spectral fitting)] Abstract and Results section on coupling extraction: the headline claim that the system enters the strong-coupling regime rests on the numerical comparison g > γ_m and g > κ_ph, where γ_m and κ_ph are taken from separate measurements of the bare magnon and photon modes. The integrated geometry (resonator fabricated directly on the YIG film) can introduce additional interface scattering, vortex losses, or radiation channels absent from the reference samples; no control data or discussion of whether these channels alter the effective linewidths inside the hybrid device is provided. This comparison is load-bearing for the strong-coupling assertion.
  2. [Results (avoided-crossing data)] Results section on spectral data: the manuscript does not supply the raw transmission spectra, the explicit fitting model (e.g., input-output theory or coupled-oscillator lineshape), the extracted parameter uncertainties, or the χ² values used to determine that the observed splitting exceeds the sum of the linewidths. Without these elements it is not possible to verify that the data support g exceeding the damping rates rather than being consistent with the intermediate-coupling regime.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Figure captions] Figure captions should explicitly state the microwave power, temperature, and bias-field sweep direction used for each panel to allow direct comparison with the damping-rate reference measurements.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the careful reading and constructive comments. We address the two major points below and will revise the manuscript to improve clarity and verifiability of the strong-coupling claim.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: Abstract / Results (spectral fitting)] Abstract and Results section on coupling extraction: the headline claim that the system enters the strong-coupling regime rests on the numerical comparison g > γ_m and g > κ_ph, where γ_m and κ_ph are taken from separate measurements of the bare magnon and photon modes. The integrated geometry (resonator fabricated directly on the YIG film) can introduce additional interface scattering, vortex losses, or radiation channels absent from the reference samples; no control data or discussion of whether these channels alter the effective linewidths inside the hybrid device is provided. This comparison is load-bearing for the strong-coupling assertion.

    Authors: We agree the integrated geometry could in principle add loss channels not captured by the separate bare-mode measurements. The manuscript currently presents the comparison without explicit discussion of this possibility. We will revise the text to include a dedicated paragraph estimating the magnitude of interface and radiation losses (using available film and resonator characterization data) and will add any relevant control spectra or bounds that can be extracted from existing measurements. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Results (avoided-crossing data)] Results section on spectral data: the manuscript does not supply the raw transmission spectra, the explicit fitting model (e.g., input-output theory or coupled-oscillator lineshape), the extracted parameter uncertainties, or the χ² values used to determine that the observed splitting exceeds the sum of the linewidths. Without these elements it is not possible to verify that the data support g exceeding the damping rates rather than being consistent with the intermediate-coupling regime.

    Authors: The referee is correct that the current manuscript does not present the raw spectra, the precise lineshape model, parameter uncertainties, or goodness-of-fit metrics. We will add these elements in the revised version (raw data and fit details in the main text or supplementary information, together with the functional form used and reported uncertainties/χ² values) so that readers can independently assess whether the splitting satisfies the strong-coupling criterion. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: experimental demonstration with no derivations or self-referential reductions

full rationale

The paper is an experimental report on fabricating and measuring hybrid superconducting resonator-YIG devices. Claims of strong coupling rest on observed avoided crossings in spectra and extracted g values compared to separately measured damping rates of bare modes. No equations, ansatzes, uniqueness theorems, or fitted parameters are presented as predictions that reduce by construction to the inputs. No self-citations are invoked as load-bearing mathematical facts. The result is self-contained against external benchmarks (measured spectra) and receives the default non-circularity finding.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

No free parameters, axioms, or invented entities are introduced; the work is a materials-and-device demonstration relying on established physics of magnons and superconducting resonators.

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