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arxiv: 2606.31826 · v1 · pith:MOIXOHBYnew · submitted 2026-06-30 · 🌌 astro-ph.IM · astro-ph.GA

In Situ Measurements of the Reflectances of the LSSTCam Optics and Assessing the Impact of Optical Ghosts

Aashay Pai , Alex Drlica-Wagner , Lee S. Kelvin , Joshua E. Meyers , Elana K. Urbach , Fritz Mueller , Robert H. Lupton This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-07-01 03:01 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌌 astro-ph.IM astro-ph.GA
keywords optical ghostsLSSTCamreflectancesray tracingimage artifactsfocal planeLSSTlow surface brightness
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The pith

Ray tracing simulations find optical ghosts impact 0.57% of the LSSTCam focal plane on average.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper establishes the extent of optical ghost contamination in LSSTCam data by using ray tracing simulations tuned to commissioning observations. It determines that roughly 0.57 percent of the focal plane is affected by these reflection artifacts when averaged across all bands. The work also includes in-situ measurements of optical reflectances using the Collimated Beam Projector, which align with prior estimates of about 2 percent. A sympathetic reader would care because ghosts are a significant source of contamination for low-surface-brightness science that LSST aims to enable.

Core claim

Using optical ray tracing simulations tuned to LSST Commissioning observations, the authors quantify the impact of optical ghosts on the LSSTCam focal plane and find that approximately 0.57% of the focal plane is impacted when averaged across all bands. In addition, they use data from the Collimated Beam Projector to measure the reflectances of various optical elements, generally confirming estimates of ~2% from the systems engineering throughput predictions.

What carries the argument

The ray tracing simulations tuned to LSST Commissioning observations, used to model the locations and impacts of optical ghosts caused by reflections between optical surfaces.

If this is right

  • Low-surface-brightness science with LSST will require accounting for ghost contamination over about 0.57% of the focal plane area on average.
  • The confirmed reflectance values of ~2% provide a validated input for future modeling of the optical system.
  • Ghost patterns identified in the simulations can be used to develop mitigation strategies in data processing.
  • These results set a quantitative baseline for the contribution of ghosts to data quality in the LSST survey.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Data processing pipelines could incorporate masks based on the simulated ghost locations to reduce contamination.
  • Similar in-situ reflectance measurements and simulations could be applied to other wide-field survey instruments to assess ghost impacts.
  • Variations in ghost impact with different filter bands or observing conditions could be explored in follow-up work.

Load-bearing premise

The ray tracing simulations are accurately tuned to match LSST Commissioning observations and the Collimated Beam Projector measurements represent the in-situ reflectances of the full optical system.

What would settle it

A comparison between the simulated ghost-affected regions and actual observed artifacts in LSST images that shows the affected area percentage differing significantly from 0.57%.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.31826 by Aashay Pai, Alex Drlica-Wagner, Elana K. Urbach, Fritz Mueller, Joshua E. Meyers, Lee S. Kelvin, Robert H. Lupton.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Post-ISR image of the LSSTCam focal plane (visit 2026011500325; [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Flowchart showing the procedure used to generate optical ghost templates and surface brightness [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Stacked simulated ghosts produced by a Batoid simulation using the procedure delineated in Sec￾tion 2.2.1 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: The ten most commonly occurring ghosts mentioned in Section [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Area of the focal plane marked as impacted by optical ghosts in green for LSSTCam visit [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Area of the focal plane impacted by ghosts separated by band in the w37 DRP (cyan) and in a set of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: (Left) Fraction of the focal plane impacted by optical ghosts as a function of star magnitude for a [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Sky maps showing the fraction of ghost-impacted area in each pixel from the stars in the Yale Bright [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: An image of the Collimated Beam Projector (CBP) from [ [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_9.png] view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Subfigures 10a and 10b show the ghosts produced by a single spot CBP beam at two different pointings of the CBP in the g band [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_10.png] view at source ↗
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: The left panel shows an example of a CBP ghost image (visit 2025090300060) in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_11.png] view at source ↗
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: Measured reflectances for each optical surface. The measurements are made at a single wavelength [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_12.png] view at source ↗
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: Distributions of reflectance measurements per visit separated by optic in the no-filter and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p015_13.png] view at source ↗
Figure 14
Figure 14. Figure 14: Distributions of reflectance measurements per visit separated by optic in the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p016_14.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Optical ghosts are image artifacts caused by successive reflections of light between optical surfaces such as lenses, filters, and detectors. These artifacts are unavoidable due to the nonzero reflectances of optical elements and are a major source of contamination for low-surface-brightness science. We use optical ray tracing simulations tuned to observations from LSST Commissioning to quantify the impact of optical ghosts on the LSST data. In particular, we find that ~0.57% of the LSSTCam focal plane is impacted by optical ghosts when averaged across all bands. We also use data from the Collimated Beam Projector to measure the reflectances of various optical elements, generally confirming estimates of ~2% from the systems engineering throughput predictions.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 1 minor

Summary. The paper reports in-situ reflectance measurements of LSSTCam optics using the Collimated Beam Projector, generally confirming the ~2% values from systems engineering throughput predictions. It additionally employs optical ray-tracing simulations tuned to LSST Commissioning observations to quantify optical ghost impact, finding that ~0.57% of the focal plane is affected when averaged across all bands.

Significance. If the central result holds, the work supplies a directly measured anchor for ghost contamination levels relevant to low-surface-brightness science with LSST. The Collimated Beam Projector measurements constitute an independent, in-situ check on the optical model and are a clear strength of the manuscript.

major comments (2)
  1. [Simulation and tuning description] The ray-tracing simulations are stated to be tuned to LSST Commissioning observations, yet no quantitative tuning diagnostics (residual maps, χ² values, goodness-of-fit metrics, or parameter covariance) or propagation of tuning-parameter uncertainties into the final 0.57% ghost fraction are described. This is load-bearing for the headline claim.
  2. [Reflectance measurement and model anchoring] The Collimated Beam Projector reflectance measurements (~2%) are used to anchor the model, but the manuscript does not demonstrate that these lab values, obtained under specific illumination conditions, reproduce the observed in-situ ghost patterns across the full range of field angles and wavelengths present in the commissioning data.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] The abstract states the 0.57% figure without accompanying error bars, sample sizes, or exclusion criteria; these should be supplied for a complete summary.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the thoughtful review and for highlighting areas where additional detail would strengthen the manuscript. We address each major comment below and will incorporate the suggested improvements in the revised version.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Simulation and tuning description] The ray-tracing simulations are stated to be tuned to LSST Commissioning observations, yet no quantitative tuning diagnostics (residual maps, χ² values, goodness-of-fit metrics, or parameter covariance) or propagation of tuning-parameter uncertainties into the final 0.57% ghost fraction are described. This is load-bearing for the headline claim.

    Authors: We agree that quantitative diagnostics for the tuning process are important to support the headline result. The revised manuscript will include residual maps, χ² values, and other goodness-of-fit metrics from the tuning to commissioning data, along with a discussion of how uncertainties in the tuning parameters propagate into the reported 0.57% ghost fraction. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Reflectance measurement and model anchoring] The Collimated Beam Projector reflectance measurements (~2%) are used to anchor the model, but the manuscript does not demonstrate that these lab values, obtained under specific illumination conditions, reproduce the observed in-situ ghost patterns across the full range of field angles and wavelengths present in the commissioning data.

    Authors: The Collimated Beam Projector measurements provide independent in-situ confirmation of the ~2% reflectance values. While these anchor the optical model used in the simulations, we acknowledge that an explicit demonstration of consistency with observed ghost patterns would be valuable. The revised manuscript will add direct comparisons between the model predictions (using the measured reflectances) and the ghost features seen in the commissioning data across the relevant range of field angles and wavelengths. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; ghost fraction derived from independent measurements and simulations

full rationale

The paper derives the ~0.57% focal-plane ghost impact from ray-tracing simulations tuned to LSST Commissioning observations and reflectance values measured directly with the Collimated Beam Projector. No equations, self-citations, or fitted-parameter renamings are shown that reduce the reported percentage to its inputs by construction. The Collimated Beam Projector data and commissioning observations function as external inputs rather than tautological outputs, satisfying the criteria for a self-contained result against external benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

Abstract-only review; no explicit free parameters, axioms, or invented entities are stated. The 0.57% result is produced by simulation tuned to commissioning data, but tuning details are absent.

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