Pith. sign in

REVIEW 3 major objections 4 minor 59 references

Doping cast organic scintillators with BaSO4 powder shortens the scattering length nearly tenfold while cutting light yield by only about 15 percent, so the photon-transport scale can be matched on purpose to wavelength-shifting fiber pitch

Reviewed by Pith at T0; open to challenge. T0 means a machine referee read the full paper against a public rubric. the ladder, T0–T4 →

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

T0 review · grok-4.5

2026-07-12 12:41 UTC pith:AWSX6HIV

load-bearing objection Solid short experimental proof-of-concept: BaSO4 doping tunes scattering length over nearly an order of magnitude with only ~15% light-yield loss; the independence claim rests on a flagged but unchecked absorption assumption. the 3 major comments →

arxiv 2607.02538 v1 pith:AWSX6HIV submitted 2026-06-22 physics.ins-det

Tunable Light Scattering in Cast Organic Scintillators via BaSO₄ Nanoparticle Doping: A Short Summary

H. G. Zaunick , R. Bergert , K. T. Brinkmann , V. Dormenev , K. Eichhorn , J. M. Friedrich , S. Glennemeier-Marke , D. Kazlou
show 4 more authors
H. Lacker M. J. Losekamm C. Scharf I. M. W\"ostheinrich
This is my paper
classification physics.ins-det
keywords organic scintillatorsBaSO4 dopingscattering lengthwavelength-shifting fibersposition-sensitive tilessampling calorimetersmuon trackersphoton transport
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This paper shows that dispersing BaSO4 powder in a commercial cast organic scintillator resin lets experimenters dial the scattering length of the material over a useful range without wrecking its light output. Small cubes doped from 0 to 5 percent by mass were cast and measured; the scattering length falls from roughly 6 cm at 1 percent doping to under 1 cm at 5 percent, while absolute light yield drops only about 15 percent. The practical point is that scintillation light can be confined to a controllable spatial scale that matches the pitch of wavelength-shifting fibers, so each fiber collects light from a well-defined neighborhood rather than a broad region. That capability opens a route to position-sensitive scintillator tiles for sampling calorimeters and large-area muon trackers without mechanical segmentation. The work is presented as a first proof of concept; the authors note that dispersion homogeneity still needs improvement and that full-scale fiber-readout plates remain to be demonstrated.

Core claim

Cast organic scintillators based on EJ-290 resin can be doped with BaSO4 powder so that the scattering length is reduced from 6.05(8) cm at 1 percent mass fraction to 0.83(1) cm at 5 percent, while absolute light yield falls only from about 9000 to 7600 ph/MeV. The photon-transport scale can therefore be engineered on purpose and largely independently of absorption and light output.

What carries the argument

BaSO4 powder (grain size ~0.3–2 µm) dispersed as diffuse scattering centers inside the cast scintillator bulk. Because the refractive-index contrast is low, scattering is nearly isotropic (g ≈ 0) and adds negligible absorption, so the transport mean free path collapses essentially to the scattering length ℓs extracted from the difference in attenuation coefficients between doped and undoped samples.

Load-bearing premise

The scattering lengths are calculated by treating the undoped sample as a pure-absorption reference, which assumes that adding BaSO4 does not itself change the absorption coefficient of the scintillator.

What would settle it

Measure absolute absorption spectra or light-yield-versus-thickness curves on a set of identically doped samples of several thicknesses; if the extracted absorption coefficient rises with BaSO4 concentration, the reported scattering lengths are systematically too short.

Watch this falsifier. Get emailed when new claim-graph text bears on it.

Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

If this is right

  • Fiber pitch can be matched to a deliberately chosen transport length rather than limited by the native photon-spread scale of undoped plastic.
  • Position resolution below a few millimeters becomes reachable in unsegmented scintillator tiles for sampling calorimeters and large-area muon trackers.
  • The same doping approach can be extended to other scatterers or mixed with SiO2 nanoparticles to tune spectral reflectance as well as scattering length.
  • Cast opaque scintillators become a practical alternative to mechanical segmentation for position-sensitive read-out.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If sedimentation and agglomeration can be eliminated by sonication or stabilizers, the same recipe should scale to full-size detector plates without spatial gradients in transport length.
  • The method is complementary to wax- and water-based opaque scintillators and could be combined with them for hybrid detectors that need both high light yield and engineered localization.
  • Once transport length is a free design parameter, Monte-Carlo optimization of fiber layout can treat scattering as an adjustable knob rather than a fixed material property.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

3 major / 4 minor

Summary. This short summary reports the casting and optical characterization of 2 cm EJ-290 organic scintillator cubes doped with 0–5 wt% BaSO4 powder. Spectral transmittance is converted to attenuation length, absolute light yield is measured with a calibrated PMT on the 59.5 keV line, and scattering lengths are extracted via ℓs = 1/(µ(c) − µ(0)) under the assumption that the undoped sample supplies a pure-absorption reference. The authors find ℓs falling from 6.05(8) cm at 1 % to 0.83(1) cm at 5 % while light yield drops only ~15 %, presenting this as a first proof-of-concept that the photon-transport scale can be engineered to match WLS-fiber pitch for improved position resolution in sampling calorimeters and muon trackers.

Significance. If the reported tunability holds after the flagged systematics are controlled, the work supplies a practical, low-cost route to localize scintillation light on the millimeter-to-centimeter scale without large light-yield penalties. That capability is directly relevant to fiber-readout calorimeters and large-area trackers and is complementary to existing opaque-scintillator approaches (wax- or water-based). Strengths include a transparent measurement chain, absolute light-yield calibration, a clear concentration series in Table 1, and explicit acknowledgment of the principal systematics. The result is therefore a useful experimental step even though the present manuscript is only a summary.

major comments (3)
  1. [Section 3, Table 1] Section 3 and Table 1: The central claim that scattering can be tuned “largely independently of its absorption” rests entirely on the extraction formula ℓs = 1/(µ(c) − µ(0)), which treats the undoped cube as a pure-absorption reference whose absorption coefficient is unchanged by doping. The authors themselves list this assumption as a main systematic limitation, yet the summary supplies no independent cross-check (integrating-sphere reflectance, spectral decomposition, or multi-thickness series) that would separate absorption from scattering. If doping introduces even modest extra absorption, the quoted ℓs values are systematically too short and the independence claim is overstated.
  2. [Section 2] Section 2: Residual BaSO4 sedimentation is explicitly noted after curing. Because the optical quantities (transmittance, derived ℓs) are extracted under the assumption of a homogeneous bulk, any concentration gradient compromises both the absolute values in Table 1 and the intended uniform light localization on the scale of ℓtr. The summary does not quantify the gradient or demonstrate that the milled faces still represent the bulk average.
  3. [Section 3] Section 3: Once ℓatt falls below ~1 cm (4–5 % doping), the 2 cm sample thickness places the measurement deep in the low-transmittance regime. The limited dynamic range amplifies any residual absorption bias in the subtraction that yields ℓs and reduces the reliability of the shortest scattering lengths that are most relevant for fine fiber pitches.
minor comments (4)
  1. [Title, Section 2] Title versus Section 2: the title advertises “Nanoparticle Doping,” yet the powder grain size is given as ∼0.3–2 µm (micrometer scale). The terminology should be made consistent.
  2. [Table 1] Table 1: statistical uncertainties are said to be quoted “in the full paper,” but the summary itself presents the key numbers without them; at least the dominant uncertainties should appear here.
  3. [Figure 2] Figure 2 caption and text: “increasing opaqueness, i.e. decreasing scattering length” is qualitative; a quantitative link to the measured ℓs values would strengthen the visual evidence.
  4. [Author list] Author list: diacritics appear inconsistently (W¨ ostheinrich). Standardize orthography.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: experimental fabrication and optical measurements with a standard attenuation-subtraction definition of scattering length.

full rationale

The paper reports a straightforward experimental chain: cast EJ-290 cubes doped with 0–5 wt% BaSO4, measure spectral transmittance (converted to attenuation length after Fresnel correction), measure absolute light yield against a calibrated PMT with a 241Am source, and extract scattering length via the elementary relation ℓs = 1/(µ(c) − µ(0)) that treats the undoped sample as a pure-absorption reference. This formula is a conventional optical definition under an explicitly stated assumption (concentration-independent absorption), not a self-definitional identity or a fit re-labeled as a prediction. No parameters are fitted to data and then used to “predict” a closely related quantity; the tabulated ℓs and LY values are direct measurement results. Self-citations (primarily Ref. [1] for the fiber-readout detector concept) supply motivation only and are not load-bearing for the optical results. There are no uniqueness theorems, smuggled ansatzes, or renamings of known empirical patterns. The work is therefore self-contained against external benchmarks and exhibits none of the enumerated circularity patterns.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 3 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on standard optical definitions plus two domain assumptions about the undoped reference and the scatterer anisotropy. No free parameters are fitted to produce the scattering lengths; concentrations are chosen by the experimenters. No new physical entities are postulated.

axioms (3)
  • domain assumption The undoped EJ-290 sample is purely absorbing, so its attenuation coefficient can be subtracted to isolate scattering in the doped samples (ℓs = 1/(µ(c) − µ(0))).
    Stated explicitly in Section 3; if doping alters absorption, the extracted ℓs values shift systematically.
  • domain assumption BaSO4 scattering is nearly isotropic (g ≈ 0), so the transport mean free path equals the scattering length.
    Invoked in Section 1 with citation to optical-phantom literature; underpins the claim that light is localized on the scale of ℓs.
  • standard math Fresnel-reflection correction converts measured transmittance into bulk attenuation length.
    Standard optical procedure used in Section 3; not re-derived.

pith-pipeline@v1.1.0-grok45 · 9069 in / 2312 out tokens · 27622 ms · 2026-07-12T12:41:50.692697+00:00 · methodology

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Tunable Light Scattering in Cast Organic Scintillators via BaSO$_4$ Nanoparticle Doping: A Short Summary." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/AWSX6HIV

@misc{pith2026260702538,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Tunable Light Scattering in Cast Organic Scintillators via BaSO$_4$ Nanoparticle Doping: A Short Summary},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/AWSX6HIV}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2607.02538}
}
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN
read the original abstract

We summarize the fabrication and optical characterization of small-format (2 x 2 x 2 cm$^3$) cast organic scintillators based on Eljen EJ-290 resin, doped with barium sulfate (BaSO$_4$) powder at mass fractions from 0 % to 5 %. The goal is to tune the scattering length of the scintillator largely independently of its absorption and light output, so that scintillation light is localized on a controllable spatial scale matched to the fiber pitch of wavelength-shifting (WLS) fiber read-out. The scattering length is found to decrease from 6.05(8) cm at 1 % to 0.83(1) cm at 5 %, while the absolute light yield falls by only about 15 %. These results are a first proof of concept that the photon-transport scale in cast scintillators can be engineered on purpose, enabling position-sensitive scintillator tiles for fiber-readout sampling calorimeters and large-area muon trackers. Full details are given in the accompanying paper.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2607.02538 by C. Scharf, D. Kazlou, H. G. Zaunick, H. Lacker, I. M. W\"ostheinrich, J. M. Friedrich, K. Eichhorn, K. T. Brinkmann, M. J. Losekamm, R. Bergert, S. Glennemeier-Marke, V. Dormenev.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Light-localization concept. In an un￾doped scintillator (left) photons spread over a large area before capture; in a scattering-doped scintillator (right) the distribution is confined to a radius comparable to ℓtr, allowing the fiber pitch to be matched to this scale [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Cast samples without (left) and with BaSO4 at increasing concentration (weight per￾cent), showing increasing opaqueness, i.e. decreas￾ing scattering length. For optical characterization, two opposing faces of each cube were flattened by diamond-tool milling. The undoped control sample was optically clear; the samples grow visibly more opaque with in￾creasing BaSO4 content ( [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_f… view at source ↗

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

59 extracted references · 32 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    and Conaboy, A

    Brignoli, A. and Conaboy, A. and Dormenev, V. and Jimeno, D. and Kazlou, D. and Lacker, H. and Scharf, C. and Schmidt, J. and Zaunick, H. G. , title =. J. Instrum. , volume =. doi:10.1088/1748-0221/18/04/p04009 , year =

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/18/04/p04009

  2. [2]

    and Littenberg, L

    Kudenko, Yu G. and Littenberg, L. S. and Mayatski, V. A. and Mineev, O. V. and Yershov, N. V. , title =. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A , volume =. doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(01)00780-x , year =

    work page doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(01)00780-x

  3. [3]

    2024 , urldate =

    S14160/S14161 series: Low breakdown voltage type MPPC for scintillation detector , url =. 2024 , urldate =

    2024

  4. [4]

    Berger, M. J. and Coursey, J. S. and Zucker, M. A. and Chang, J. , title =. doi:10.18434/T4NC7P , url =

    doi:10.18434/t4nc7p

  5. [5]

    Kodama, Shoma and Kobayashi, Hokuto and Okinaga, Wataru and Nakagiri, Kota and Nakajima, Yasuhiro and Yokoyama, Masashi , title =. Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. , volume =. doi:10.1093/ptep/ptae055 , year =

    work page doi:10.1093/ptep/ptae055

  6. [6]

    and Allison, J

    Agostinelli, S. and Allison, J. and Amako, K. and others , title =. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A , volume =. doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(03)01368-8 , year =

    doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(03)01368-8

  7. [7]

    and Amako, K

    Allison, J. and Amako, K. and Apostolakis, J. and others , title =. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A , volume =. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2016.06.125 , year =

    doi:10.1016/j.nima.2016.06.125 2016

  8. [8]

    and Paul, Stephan and Pöschl, Thomas , title =

    Losekamm, Martin J. and Paul, Stephan and Pöschl, Thomas , title =. Radiat. Meas. , volume =. doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107116 , year =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107116 2024

  9. [9]

    Amos, N. A. and Bross, A. D. and Lundin, M. C. , title =. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A , volume =. doi:10.1016/0168-9002(90)91321-2 , year =

    work page doi:10.1016/0168-9002(90)91321-2

  10. [10]

    Abramov, V. V. and Acharya, B. S. and Akchurin, N. and others , title =. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A , volume =. doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(00)00711-7 , year =

    work page doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(00)00711-7

  11. [11]

    and Angerer, H

    Bicker, K. and Angerer, H. and Burtin, E. and Friedrich, J. M. and Gautheron, F. and Grabmüller, S. and d'Hose, N. and Ketzer, B. and Konorov, I. and Magnon, A. and Paul, S. and Rousse, J. Y. and Zimmerer, P. , title =. Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl. , volume =. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2011.04.039 , year =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2011.04.039 2011

  12. [12]

    and Albrecht, E

    Abbon, P. and Albrecht, E. and Alexakhin, V. Yu and others , title =. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A , volume =. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2007.03.026 , year =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.nima.2007.03.026 2007

  13. [13]

    doi:10.1109/rtc.2007.4382804 , year =

    Mann, Alexander and Konorov, Igor and Paul, Stephan , title =. doi:10.1109/rtc.2007.4382804 , year =

    work page doi:10.1109/rtc.2007.4382804 2007

  14. [14]

    Mann, Alexander B. and Konorov, Igor and Angerer, Heinz and Kramer, Markus and Huber, Stefan and Grube, Boris and Friedrich, Jan and Ketzer, Bernhard and Uhl, Sebastian and Haas, Florian and Dinkelbach, Anna-Maria and Grabmuller, Stefanie and Paul, Stephan , title =. doi:10.1109/nssmic.2009.5402077 , year =

    work page doi:10.1109/nssmic.2009.5402077 2009

  15. [15]

    and Masciocchi, S

    Abt, I. and Masciocchi, S. and Moshous, B. and Perschke, T. and Riechmann, K. and Wagner, W. , title =. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A , volume =. doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(99)00909-2 , year =

    work page doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(99)00909-2

  16. [16]

    2014 , booktitle =

    Breton, Dominique and Delagnes, Eric and Maalmi, Jihane and Rusquart, Pascal , title =. 2014 , booktitle =

    2014

  17. [17]

    Braibant, Sylvie and Giacomelli, Paolo , title =. Eur. Phys. J. Plus , volume =. doi:10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-02115-2 , year =

    doi:10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-02115-2

  18. [18]

    , title =

    Aleksa, Martin and Bedeschi, Franco and Ferrari, Roberto and Sefkow, Felix and Tully, Christopher G. , title =. Eur. Phys. J. Plus , volume =. doi:10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-02034-2 , year =

    doi:10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-02034-2

  19. [19]

    doi:10.23731/CYRM-2022-002 , year =

    Mangano, Michelangelo L and Riegler, Werner and Aleksa, M and others , title =. doi:10.23731/CYRM-2022-002 , year =

    work page doi:10.23731/cyrm-2022-002 2022

  20. [20]

    doi:10.17181/CERN.XDPL.W2EX , year =

    doi:10.17181/cern.xdpl.w2ex

  21. [21]

    Ullrich, Thomas , title =. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A , volume =. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2022.167041 , year =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.nima.2022.167041 2022

  22. [22]

    and Zimmermann, F

    Benedikt, M. and Zimmermann, F. and Auchmann, B. and others , title =. doi:10.17181/CERN.9DKX.TDH9 , year =

    doi:10.17181/cern.9dkx.tdh9

  23. [23]

    and Kortner, S

    Kortner, O. and Kortner, S. and Kroha, H. and Podkladkin, S. and Richter, R. , title =. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A , volume =. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2018.10.013 , year =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.nima.2018.10.013 2018

  24. [24]

    arXiv:2003.01116 , DOI =

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2003

  25. [25]

    Thomson, M. A. , title =. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A , volume =. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2009.09.009 , year =

    doi:10.1016/j.nima.2009.09.009 2009

  26. [26]

    Tran, H. L. and Kruger, K. and Sefkow, F. and Green, S. and Marshall, J. and Thomson, M. and Simon, F. , title =. Eur. Phys. J. C , volume =. doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5298-3 , year =

    work page doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5298-3

  27. [27]

    Sefkow, Felix and White, Andy and Kawagoe, Kiyotomo and Pöschl, Roman and Repond, José , title =. Rev. Mod. Phys. , volume =. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.88.015003 , year =

    doi:10.1103/revmodphys.88.015003

  28. [28]

    Marshall, J. S. and Münnich, A. and Thomson, M. A. , title =. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A , volume =. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2012.10.038 , year =

    doi:10.1016/j.nima.2012.10.038 2012

  29. [29]

    and Blaising, J

    Bacchetta, N. and Blaising, J. -J. and Brondolin, E. and Dam, M. and Dannheim, D. and Elsener, K. and Hynds, D. and Janot, P. and Kolano, A. M. and Leogrande, E. and Linssen, L. and Nürnberg, A. and Perez, E. F. and Petrič, M. and Roloff, P. and Sailer, A. and Siegrist, N. and Viazlo, O. and Voutsinas, G. G. and Weber, M. A. , title =. arXiv:1911.12230 , DOI =

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 1911

  30. [30]

    Brient, J. C. and Rusack, R. and Sefkow, F. , title =. Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. , volume =. doi:10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-021053 , year =

    work page doi:10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-021053

  31. [31]

    Sharma, Archana , title =. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A , volume =. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2011.12.001 , year =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.nima.2011.12.001 2011

  32. [32]

    and Garutti, E

    Chmill, V. and Garutti, E. and Klanner, R. and Nitschke, M. and Schwandt, J. , title =. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A , volume =. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2017.02.049 , year =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.nima.2017.02.049 2017

  33. [33]

    Acerbi, Fabio and Gundacker, Stefan , title =. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A , volume =. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2018.11.118 , year =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.nima.2018.11.118 2018

  34. [34]

    and Fajt, L

    Efremenko, Y. and Fajt, L. and Febbraro, M. and Fischer, F. and Hayward, C. and Hodák, R. and Kraetzschmar, T. and Majorovits, B. and Muenstermann, D. and Öz, E. and Pjatkan, R. and Pohl, M. and Radford, D. and Rouhana, R. and Sala, E. and Schulz, O. and Štekl, I. and Stommel, M. , title =. J. Instrum. , volume =. doi:10.1088/1748-0221/14/07/p07006 , year =

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/14/07/p07006

  35. [35]

    and Febbraro, M

    Efremenko, Y. and Febbraro, M. and Fischer, F. and Guitart Corominas, M. and Gusev, K. and Hackett, B. and Hayward, C. and Hodák, R. and Krause, P. and Majorovits, B. and Manzanillas, L. and Muenstermann, D. and Pohl, M. and Rouhana, R. and Radford, D. and Rukhadze, E. and Rumyantseva, N. and Schilling, I. and Schoenert, S. and Schulz, O. and Schwarz, M. ...

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/17/01/p01010

  36. [36]

    and Efremenko, Y

    Manzanillas, L. and Efremenko, Y. and Febbraro, M. and Fischer, F. and Guitart Corominas, M. and Hackett, B. and Leonhardt, A. and Majorovits, B. and Schulz, O. , title =. J. Instrum. , volume =. doi:10.1088/1748-0221/17/09/p09007 , year =

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/17/09/p09007

  37. [37]

    Nakamura, Hidehito and Shirakawa, Yoshiyuki and Kitamura, Hisashi and others , title =. Radiat. Meas. , volume =. doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2013.06.006 , year =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2013.06.006 2013

  38. [38]

    and Covas, J

    Conde Muíño, P. and Covas, J. A. and Gomes, A. and others , title =. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A , volume =. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2024.169627 , year =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.nima.2024.169627 2024

  39. [39]

    and Gramlich, B

    Buck, C. and Gramlich, B. and Schoppmann, S. , title =. J. Instrum. , volume =. doi:10.1088/1748-0221/14/11/p11007 , year =

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/14/11/p11007

  40. [40]

    and Asquith, L

    Apilluelo, J. and Asquith, L. and Bannister, E. F. and others , title =. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A , volume =. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2024.170075 , year =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.nima.2024.170075 2024

  41. [41]

    doi:10.1007/s41365-018-0449-2 , year =

    Dong, Jia-Ning and Zhang, Yun-Long and Zhang, Zhi-Yong and Liu, Dong and Xu, Zi-Zong and Wang, Xiao-Lian and Liu, Shu-Bin , title =. doi:10.1007/s41365-018-0449-2 , year =

    work page doi:10.1007/s41365-018-0449-2

  42. [42]

    and Alme, J

    Peitzmann, T. and Alme, J. and Barthel, R. and van Bochove, A. and Borshchov, V. and Bosley, R. and van den Brink, A. and Broeils, E. and Büsching, H. and Eikeland, V. N. and Groettvik, O. S. and Han, Y. H. and van der Kolk, N. and Kim, J. H. and Kim, T. J. and Kwon, Y. and Mager, M. and Malik, Q. W. and Okkinga, E. and Park, T. Y. and Pliquett, F. and Pr...

    work page doi:10.1016/j.nima.2022.167539 2022

  43. [43]

    and von Nicolai, Valerian and Paul, Stephan and Scharf, Christian and Skodda, Ben and Wei

    Brignoli, Alessia and Brinkmann, Kai-Thomas and Dormenev, Valery and Eichhorn, Karl and Friedrich, Jan Michael and Lacker, Heiko and Losekamm, Martin J. and von Nicolai, Valerian and Paul, Stephan and Scharf, Christian and Skodda, Ben and Wei. A position-sensitive fiber-structured scintillator for sampling calorimeters and muon trackers , journal =. 2025 ...

    work page doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-15204-8 2025

  44. [44]

    2018 , eprint=

    CEPC Conceptual Design Report: Volume 2 - Physics & Detector , author=. 2018 , eprint=

    2018

  45. [45]

    and Abbott, B

    Aad, G. and Abbott, B. and. Muon reconstruction and identification efficiency in. The European Physical Journal C , year =. doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09233-2 , url =

    work page doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09233-2

  46. [46]

    2025 , eprint=

    The IDEA detector concept for FCC-ee , author=. 2025 , eprint=

    2025

  47. [47]

    Poh, Abdul Halim and Jamaludin, Mohd Fadzil and Fadzallah, Iman Aris and Ibrahim, Nik Muhd Jazli Nik and Yusof, Farazila and Adikan, F. R. M. and Moghavvemi, Mahmoud , title =. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy , year =

  48. [48]

    , title =

    Scharf, C. , title =. 2018 , doi =

    2018

  49. [49]

    Refractive Index Database , howpublished =

  50. [50]

    2010 , note =

    Photomultiplier Tubes. 2010 , note =

    2010

  51. [51]

    and others , title =

    Lecoq, P. and others , title =. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A , volume =. 1995 , pages =

    1995

  52. [52]

    Zhu, R. Y. and others , title =. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A , volume =. 1996 , pages =

    1996

  53. [53]

    , title =

    Moffitt, Thomas and Prahl, Scott A. , title =. Proceedings of SPIE , year =. doi:10.1117/12.700029 , url =

    work page doi:10.1117/12.700029

  54. [54]

    Journal of Biomedical Optics , year =

    Krauter, Philipp and Nothelfer, Steffen and Bodenschatz, Nico and Simon, Emanuel and Stocker, Sabrina and Foschum, Florian and Kienle, Alwin , title =. Journal of Biomedical Optics , year =. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.20.10.105008 , pmid =

    work page doi:10.1117/1.jbo.20.10.105008

  55. [55]

    Middleton, W. E. K. and Sanders, C. L. , title =. Journal of the Optical Society of America , year =

  56. [56]

    Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry , volume=

    Experimental study of a large plastic scintillator response with different reflective coverings based on digital pulse processing method , author=. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry , volume=. 2019 , publisher=

    2019

  57. [57]

    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms , volume=

    Light collection investigation of plastic scintillator for gamma-ray detection , author=. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms , volume=. 2026 , publisher=

    2026

  58. [58]

    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment , volume=

    Studies on wrapping materials and light collection geometries in plastic scintillators , author=. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment , volume=. 2006 , publisher=

    2006

  59. [59]

    2018 , publisher=

    Mikhailov, MM and Yuryev, SA and Lovitskiy, AA , journal=. 2018 , publisher=

    2018