SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models | Paper Citation Record

Observation dc7450df-764d-4b75-a05a-f4c73542b24b · outbound

This paper cites Large language models: a survey of their development, capabilities, and applications.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Large language models: a survey of their development, capabilities, and applications

Reference 1

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Observation c0214adf-85b2-4627-8455-f5efab4214b6 · outbound

This paper cites On The Landscape of Spoken Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models On The Landscape of Spoken Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey

Reference 2

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Observation 427e98d8-9ab9-4078-a8d8-bb828dbff0cf · outbound

This paper cites A full-duplex speech dialogue scheme based on large language model,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models A full-duplex speech dialogue scheme based on large language model,

Reference 3

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Observation 3c52f983-cf20-40c2-8b83-86ae60aaa1d8 · outbound

This paper cites Human conversational behavior,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Human conversational behavior,

Reference 4

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Observation f059b1cd-71b6-457b-98ae-4e4e97b2114f · outbound

This paper cites 6 conversation analytic approaches to the relevance and uses of relationship categories in interaction,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models 6 conversation analytic approaches to the relevance and uses of relationship categories in interaction,

Reference 5

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Observation 433d7776-909d-433f-87ed-3cbac7bbcdd1 · outbound

This paper cites τ-voice: Benchmarking full-duplex voice agents on real-world domains.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models τ-voice: Benchmarking full-duplex voice agents on real-world domains

Reference 6

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Observation 6e032512-eb4d-4e5c-b6e0-4afe4a7c4b3c · outbound

This paper cites Wildspeech-bench: Benchmarking end-to-end speechllms in the wild.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Wildspeech-bench: Benchmarking end-to-end speechllms in the wild

Reference 7

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Observation 53d58aa6-b453-4969-a737-34720ed263dd · outbound

This paper cites Full-duplex-bench v1. 5: Evaluating overlap handling for full-duplex speech models,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Full-duplex-bench v1. 5: Evaluating overlap handling for full-duplex speech models,

Reference 8

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Observation 773c2f82-c687-45cb-bfac-10ecfa0f2a43 · outbound

This paper cites Seamless Interaction: Dyadic Audiovisual Motion Modeling and Large-Scale Dataset.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Seamless Interaction: Dyadic Audiovisual Motion Modeling and Large-Scale Dataset

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.735818Z

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Observation 958289ae-5a6d-414d-a0a9-a99bbd810356 · outbound

This paper cites TRACE: Temporal Relationship-Aware Conversational Entrainment Detection in Dyadic Speech.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models TRACE: Temporal Relationship-Aware Conversational Entrainment Detection in Dyadic Speech

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.784312Z

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Observation 20d93fba-99d0-44ec-882d-0df67967d16a · outbound

This paper cites The embedded deformation problem for monomial ideals.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models The embedded deformation problem for monomial ideals

Reference 11

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Observation 6145d9e5-6b24-4931-af5b-6192f990cacd · outbound

This paper cites TurnNat: Automatic Evaluation of Turn-Taking Naturalness in Dyadic Spoken Dialogue.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models TurnNat: Automatic Evaluation of Turn-Taking Naturalness in Dyadic Spoken Dialogue

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.744939Z

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Observation 246f4cc5-1e1a-46d1-9a95-d50bd62fcb29 · outbound

This paper cites Vox-Profile: A Speech Foundation Model Benchmark for Characterizing Diverse Speaker and Speech Traits.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Vox-Profile: A Speech Foundation Model Benchmark for Characterizing Diverse Speaker and Speech Traits

Reference 13

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Observation 14813de2-cbdc-4dbe-bd0d-51dbad3be517 · outbound

This paper cites V oxlect: A speech foundation model benchmark for modeling dialects and regional languages around the globe,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models V oxlect: A speech foundation model benchmark for modeling dialects and regional languages around the globe,

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.925345Z

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Observation bacf8d78-19bc-4613-8e4d-05e873f6dd5f · outbound

This paper cites Reference-based prosody and rhythm evaluation for spoken dialogue systems,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Reference-based prosody and rhythm evaluation for spoken dialogue systems,

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.935018Z

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Observation 2a3ba648-7f3d-461d-8de8-5a2e3c0b2b57 · outbound

This paper cites Gpt-4 technical report,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Gpt-4 technical report,

Reference 16

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Observation 37c4a746-c714-4e72-b644-0e91bdc7d1e9 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen3-Omni Technical Report.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Qwen3-Omni Technical Report

Reference 17

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Observation 1f68a723-5ecc-486a-8b52-c87389211192 · outbound

This paper cites Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models

Reference 18

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Observation e6451e05-4307-47ec-9477-f9e7730f820b · outbound

This paper cites SpeechTokenizer: Unified Speech Tokenizer for Speech Large Language Models.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models SpeechTokenizer: Unified Speech Tokenizer for Speech Large Language Models

Reference 19

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Observation 68ee057e-8f93-4c68-8492-a4431557e16e · outbound

This paper cites Whisper-AT: Noise-Robust Automatic Speech Recognizers are Also Strong General Audio Event Taggers.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Whisper-AT: Noise-Robust Automatic Speech Recognizers are Also Strong General Audio Event Taggers

Reference 20

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Observation 1b25f448-0516-4ce6-9eb5-5b22cf2f06ad · outbound

This paper cites Qwen3-ASR Technical Report.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Qwen3-ASR Technical Report

Reference 21

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Observation e4a0d144-2bc2-425e-a32b-fcc7328db780 · outbound

This paper cites Hubert: Self-supervised speech representation learning by masked prediction of hidden units.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Hubert: Self-supervised speech representation learning by masked prediction of hidden units

Reference 22

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Observation ebc32acf-4467-4bf3-9e49-bd6764b6407b · outbound

This paper cites wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representations.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representations

Reference 23

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Observation 6523c40a-596a-4e69-acc8-8482fa6de632 · outbound

This paper cites Wavlm: Large-scale self-supervised pre- training for full stack speech processing.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Wavlm: Large-scale self-supervised pre- training for full stack speech processing

Reference 24

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Observation 6e4c7289-d80d-4a0b-906f-af201dded00d · outbound

This paper cites WavLLM: Towards Robust and Adaptive Speech Large Language Model.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models WavLLM: Towards Robust and Adaptive Speech Large Language Model

Reference 25

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Observation 5cee6b7c-d768-438a-b8c4-e136211ac1bd · outbound

This paper cites Qwen-Audio: Advancing Universal Audio Understanding via Unified Large-Scale Audio-Language Models.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Qwen-Audio: Advancing Universal Audio Understanding via Unified Large-Scale Audio-Language Models

Reference 26

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Observation 2af54508-abda-4e58-9ccc-cea4c3721ea5 · outbound

This paper cites gpt-audio-1.5,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models gpt-audio-1.5,

Reference 27

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Observation f8cfa9fe-64d6-45b9-b037-949d80bc8d77 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5-Omni Technical Report.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Qwen2.5-Omni Technical Report

Reference 28

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.787189Z

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Observation 6875b2f9-7546-44c0-b64c-2ce42d4095d1 · outbound

This paper cites gpt-realtime-2,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models gpt-realtime-2,

Reference 29

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Observation 45f5a163-01fb-4a37-9d1c-a3b040895e44 · outbound

This paper cites Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities

Reference 30

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Observation 2ef3b95b-e22e-4b52-b992-09178b36372c · outbound

This paper cites gemini-3.1-flash-live-preview,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models gemini-3.1-flash-live-preview,

Reference 31

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Observation 672dc707-08c5-4bf4-879a-e306953c57e0 · outbound

This paper cites Available: https://ai.google.dev/gemini-api/docs/models/ gemini-3.1-flash-live-preview.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Available: https://ai.google.dev/gemini-api/docs/models/ gemini-3.1-flash-live-preview

Reference 32

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Observation 833cd489-af27-4686-a29a-c5550f69ea82 · outbound

This paper cites Mini-Omni: Language Models Can Hear, Talk While Thinking in Streaming.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Mini-Omni: Language Models Can Hear, Talk While Thinking in Streaming

Reference 33

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Observation 3f0d91e3-f456-4abc-988f-0eb5097149a9 · outbound

This paper cites Couper-Kuhlen and M.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Couper-Kuhlen and M

Reference 34

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Observation 7de617d4-6af4-465b-9871-cb130e888db0 · outbound

This paper cites Phonetics and prosody in conversation,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Phonetics and prosody in conversation,

Reference 35

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Observation 3ef9f11a-b666-45b0-8a15-289f9e09dd15 · outbound

This paper cites Classifying conversational entrainment of speech behavior: An expanded framework and review,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Classifying conversational entrainment of speech behavior: An expanded framework and review,

Reference 36

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Observation 6c539f27-3f84-48e2-b3b9-902682b1394e · outbound

This paper cites A cross-linguistic analysis of the temporal dynamics of turn-taking cues using machine learning as a descriptive tool,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models A cross-linguistic analysis of the temporal dynamics of turn-taking cues using machine learning as a descriptive tool,

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.942604Z

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Observation b178f409-8385-43b5-bf6b-4cb8bd75f504 · outbound

This paper cites Real-time changes to social dynamics in human-robot turn-taking,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Real-time changes to social dynamics in human-robot turn-taking,

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.938750Z

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Observation 2a5d849a-7bfb-46ab-a75d-972749ffa3a9 · outbound

This paper cites Talking Turns: Benchmarking Audio Foundation Models on Turn-Taking Dynamics.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Talking Turns: Benchmarking Audio Foundation Models on Turn-Taking Dynamics

Reference 39

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.795345Z

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Observation 58a2debd-d7d6-4ee8-a37d-569b059d42b7 · outbound

This paper cites UTMOS: UTokyo-SaruLab System for VoiceMOS Challenge 2022.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models UTMOS: UTokyo-SaruLab System for VoiceMOS Challenge 2022

Reference 40

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.729253Z

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Observation 7963645b-9cd7-4068-b5d1-df5bcd427f8c · outbound

This paper cites SUPERB: Speech processing Universal PERformance Benchmark.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models SUPERB: Speech processing Universal PERformance Benchmark

Reference 41

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.763035Z

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Observation 72874aac-fc2e-4d92-a913-36525bedd6ec · outbound

This paper cites Wildbench: Benchmarking llms with chal- lenging tasks from real users in the wild,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Wildbench: Benchmarking llms with chal- lenging tasks from real users in the wild,

Reference 42

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.899239Z

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Observation df14cba5-6600-43aa-8d0a-03da7266391e · outbound

This paper cites Mt-bench-101: A fine-grained benchmark for evaluat- ing large language models in multi-turn dialogues,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Mt-bench-101: A fine-grained benchmark for evaluat- ing large language models in multi-turn dialogues,

Reference 43

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.944519Z

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Observation 3fd36e6a-1423-48c6-be2f-d35fc0a42f88 · outbound

This paper cites Air-bench: Benchmarking large audio-language models via generative comprehension.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Air-bench: Benchmarking large audio-language models via generative comprehension

Reference 44

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.897127Z

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Observation eb11fc14-eb85-4ad7-9e72-e1cd047fd8f4 · outbound

This paper cites GlobeAudio: A Multilingual Multicultural Benchmark for Naturalistic Evaluation of Large Audio-Language Models.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models GlobeAudio: A Multilingual Multicultural Benchmark for Naturalistic Evaluation of Large Audio-Language Models

Reference 45

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.798196Z

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Observation 95d45456-7a28-49fb-8a71-4bc749c5846a · outbound

This paper cites A systematic survey and critical review on evaluating large language models: Challenges, limitations, and recommendations,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models A systematic survey and critical review on evaluating large language models: Challenges, limitations, and recommendations,

Reference 46

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.948517Z

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Observation 19bc96f1-8ff8-4314-8945-1e6bd1df7318 · outbound

This paper cites Flexi: Benchmarking full-duplex human-llm speech interaction.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Flexi: Benchmarking full-duplex human-llm speech interaction

Reference 47

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.772890Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 22847e6f-472d-47e5-ba87-f613595d12f8 · outbound

This paper cites Speech to Speech AI Model & Provider Leaderboard,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Speech to Speech AI Model & Provider Leaderboard,

Reference 48

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.901621Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation c171b547-75ff-440c-9627-1f245b46f0ea · outbound

This paper cites Speech Arena Leaderboard,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Speech Arena Leaderboard,

Reference 49

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.950560Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 4896ad97-aefb-460b-95fc-6f5c3b7af505 · outbound

This paper cites Methodology — V oice Arena TTS Leaderboard,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Methodology — V oice Arena TTS Leaderboard,

Reference 50

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.927225Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation a5bc260d-d5cf-4da2-bf96-6f608301c6a2 · outbound

This paper cites Robust speech recognition via large-scale weak supervi- sion.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Robust speech recognition via large-scale weak supervi- sion

Reference 51

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.921760Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation e4d3f6f8-6931-484c-9920-270b1c54a3b3 · outbound

This paper cites Silero vad: pre-trained enterprise-grade voice activity detec- tor (vad), number detector and language classifier.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Silero vad: pre-trained enterprise-grade voice activity detec- tor (vad), number detector and language classifier

Reference 52

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.929150Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 7c7bcfee-af00-4e22-89d1-41686b8569ba · outbound

This paper cites Scaling speech technology to 1,000+ languages,.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Scaling speech technology to 1,000+ languages,

Reference 53

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.915901Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 190783a9-186b-4d73-866f-6a86eab5e424 · outbound

This paper cites Fleurs: Few-shot learning evaluation of universal representations of speech.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Fleurs: Few-shot learning evaluation of universal representations of speech

Reference 54

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.940618Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation e4a23d02-3103-45fa-b218-a91b57672ee8 · outbound

This paper cites Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks.

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks

Reference 55

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-07T14:53:55.760237Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

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