Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes | Paper Citation Record

Observation 668a7b5a-521b-458d-b263-a650be01715b · outbound

This paper cites We denote the normalized tracer distribution by pk(m, χ) for single black holes in generationS k, and let Nk denote its scalar abundance.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes We denote the normalized tracer distribution by pk(m, χ) for single black holes in generationS k, and let Nk denote its scalar abundance

Reference 1

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Observation b3e04dff-8036-4dff-815a-37fb43c8a775 · outbound

This paper cites Thus Sk ←S j +S k−1, j= 1,.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Thus Sk ←S j +S k−1, j= 1,

Reference 2

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Observation 13488955-dd83-493d-b447-9264cf5e2da5 · outbound

This paper cites Even with a large globalqexponent, the reservoir abundanceN 1 can makeS 1 +S 3 orS 1 +S 4 dominate the high-mass event budget.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Even with a large globalqexponent, the reservoir abundanceN 1 can makeS 1 +S 3 orS 1 +S 4 dominate the high-mass event budget

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.702303Z

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Observation 6f8459a4-00a8-4eb9-b447-374e347655f5 · outbound

This paper cites The axion model is applied as a post-merger spin-residency map for retained single black holes.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes The axion model is applied as a post-merger spin-residency map for retained single black holes

Reference 4

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Observation 29aa5b63-7f27-465b-8eb6-0d7e6f647c07 · outbound

This paper cites Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.709250Z

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Observation 34ca3a60-b949-4718-87b0-32343a692c80 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

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Observation e3030ef0-9546-439b-98c8-d267cd1378d3 · outbound

This paper cites GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the Second Part of the Third Observing Run.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the Second Part of the Third Observing Run

Reference 7

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Observation 408298d8-8042-4647-9828-7f559d464a85 · outbound

This paper cites GWTC-4.0: Updating the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog with Observations from the First Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes GWTC-4.0: Updating the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog with Observations from the First Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.720378Z

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Observation 6339d236-06d9-4a24-a92d-85730b0bca39 · outbound

This paper cites Open Data from LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA through the Second Part of the Fourth Observing Run.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Open Data from LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA through the Second Part of the Fourth Observing Run

Reference 9

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Observation 0431b38e-adcb-449e-902a-6f1419f8cf8e · outbound

This paper cites Advanced LIGO.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Advanced LIGO

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.727067Z

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Observation 2340c665-8d94-4bd3-b6d3-634f419631eb · outbound

This paper cites Advanced Virgo: a 2nd generation interferometric gravitational wave detector.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Advanced Virgo: a 2nd generation interferometric gravitational wave detector

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.730602Z

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Observation 993fc4ed-fbdb-45e0-b7f7-5ceddb3442f7 · outbound

This paper cites Akutsu, M.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Akutsu, M

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.733926Z

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Observation 28e6f9bf-c088-4cc0-84e0-fbca004e4a0b · outbound

This paper cites Binary Black Hole Population Properties Inferred from the First and Second Observing Runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Binary Black Hole Population Properties Inferred from the First and Second Observing Runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.737684Z

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Observation 25cdc2a5-2c8e-4e6f-909d-8d1cf3ffcdb9 · outbound

This paper cites Population Properties of Compact Objects from the Second LIGO-Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Population Properties of Compact Objects from the Second LIGO-Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.741847Z

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Observation 38398d44-6ca5-4873-b9b5-2fad550bd62e · outbound

This paper cites GWTC-4.0: Population Properties of Merging Compact Binaries.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes GWTC-4.0: Population Properties of Merging Compact Binaries

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.746257Z

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Observation e27e7721-c586-4bd5-bdfc-e47a6275b982 · outbound

This paper cites Ab- bott, T.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Ab- bott, T

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.753839Z

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Observation 60605aa4-4b9e-481d-8c62-02d41dd345da · outbound

This paper cites Rates of Compact Object Coalescences.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Rates of Compact Object Coalescences

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.757365Z

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Observation 256fb53d-333e-4050-b88a-504fe7438e50 · outbound

This paper cites Hierarchical mergers of stellar-mass black holes and their gravitational-wave signatures.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Hierarchical mergers of stellar-mass black holes and their gravitational-wave signatures

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.761439Z

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Observation ac2aa5a6-e522-4f92-92b7-d683b7660e37 · outbound

This paper cites Spectral sirens: cosmology from the full mass distribution of compact binaries.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Spectral sirens: cosmology from the full mass distribution of compact binaries

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.765564Z

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Observation 3ef2e4c6-cf67-4656-9981-fa8de05ff064 · outbound

This paper cites A novel approach to infer population and cosmological properties with gravitational waves standard sirens and galaxy surveys.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes A novel approach to infer population and cosmological properties with gravitational waves standard sirens and galaxy surveys

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.769446Z

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Observation 9e2db58d-31d4-4e43-8291-b718d79325e5 · outbound

This paper cites Mali and R.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Mali and R

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.773089Z

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Observation 339e7328-a40a-4c55-839d-c0925eb87371 · outbound

This paper cites Emergent structure in the binary black hole mass distribution and implications for population-based cosmology.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Emergent structure in the binary black hole mass distribution and implications for population-based cosmology

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.776689Z

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Observation 15fb794a-001f-4ca0-8d6f-aa23d14e1a5c · outbound

This paper cites Scarpa, S.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Scarpa, S

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.780502Z

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Observation 29396061-ca81-45b1-baef-b746170fe661 · outbound

This paper cites Mind the peak: improving cosmological constraints from GWTC-4.0 spectral sirens using semiparametric mass models.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Mind the peak: improving cosmological constraints from GWTC-4.0 spectral sirens using semiparametric mass models

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.783795Z

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Observation 1e1260a8-f285-48f0-9d18-8d5c17c4d7c0 · outbound

This paper cites GW231123: a Binary Black Hole Merger with Total Mass 190-265 $M_{\odot}$.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes GW231123: a Binary Black Hole Merger with Total Mass 190-265 $M_{\odot}$

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.787874Z

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Observation 85ebb95a-7eab-40e3-8cf1-2e894d8f1e59 · outbound

This paper cites Prospects for the formation of GW231123 from the AGN channel.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Prospects for the formation of GW231123 from the AGN channel

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.791031Z

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Observation 87069155-34d4-44b1-8a64-7ca2c6c2a515 · outbound

This paper cites Hierarchical Black Hole Mergers in Nuclear Star Clusters: A Combined Dynamical-Secular Channel for GW231123-like Events.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Hierarchical Black Hole Mergers in Nuclear Star Clusters: A Combined Dynamical-Secular Channel for GW231123-like Events

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.794513Z

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Observation aa780a43-2913-4151-ac97-347884b0cf7a · outbound

This paper cites Li, S.-P.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Li, S.-P

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.798169Z

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Observation 18524b0f-5040-42e4-a22b-c6916d213a68 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.801678Z

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Observation f11eb672-dc30-4213-92a8-576d80621fb2 · outbound

This paper cites Passenger, S.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Passenger, S

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.809026Z

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Observation a4f1d3b2-f996-493b-83aa-4833ca2cdb34 · outbound

This paper cites Gravitational-wave kicks impact spins of black holes from hierarchical mergers.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Gravitational-wave kicks impact spins of black holes from hierarchical mergers

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.812828Z

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Observation 95f48fe0-50fd-414d-8b08-485f896e849d · outbound

This paper cites The steep redshift evolution of the hierarchical binary black hole merger rate may cause the $z$-$\chi_{\rm eff}$ correlation.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes The steep redshift evolution of the hierarchical binary black hole merger rate may cause the $z$-$\chi_{\rm eff}$ correlation

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.815966Z

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Observation 248c9961-487b-4874-be3a-7cceacd0c80b · outbound

This paper cites Vijaykumar, A.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Vijaykumar, A

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.819634Z

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Observation 9b1e3265-2e7c-4d4a-a177-b647736f0f18 · outbound

This paper cites Mass Distribution of Binary Black Hole Mergers from Young and Old Dense Star Clusters.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Mass Distribution of Binary Black Hole Mergers from Young and Old Dense Star Clusters

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.822696Z

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Observation 49322844-425d-482a-b9b5-88b1815962a9 · outbound

This paper cites Evidence for Three Subpopulations of Merging Binary Black Holes at Different Primary Masses.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Evidence for Three Subpopulations of Merging Binary Black Holes at Different Primary Masses

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.825925Z

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Observation 8493fcc0-04fd-4dfb-89e0-d4b2679d1d91 · outbound

This paper cites Aligned Hierarchical Black Hole Mergers in Active-Galactic-Nuclei Disks Revealed by GWTC-4.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Aligned Hierarchical Black Hole Mergers in Active-Galactic-Nuclei Disks Revealed by GWTC-4

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.829401Z

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Observation b9194070-a342-43ad-b4d2-648680b4be06 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.832998Z

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Observation 8bfafdde-7664-4de9-84b3-d16399530f30 · outbound

This paper cites Population of Binary Black Holes Inferred from One Hundred and Fifty Gravitational Wave Signals.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Population of Binary Black Holes Inferred from One Hundred and Fifty Gravitational Wave Signals

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.835625Z

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Observation 6cdc2b50-54bc-4a4d-aebf-5f7b4e0c732b · outbound

This paper cites A Star Cluster Population of High Mass Black Hole Mergers in Gravitational Wave Data.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes A Star Cluster Population of High Mass Black Hole Mergers in Gravitational Wave Data

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.838813Z

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Observation 7b9edca8-7888-47e6-b297-804cbc86a03e · outbound

This paper cites Binary vision: The merging black hole binary mass distribution via iterative density estimation.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Binary vision: The merging black hole binary mass distribution via iterative density estimation

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.845868Z

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Observation 4b59b7c4-e35e-40a4-b9dd-1a697b165379 · outbound

This paper cites Zeeshan and R.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Zeeshan and R

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.849567Z

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Observation 4186f100-0be7-4c6a-9c85-48de1005a319 · outbound

This paper cites Dynamics and Interactions of Binaries and Neutron Stars in Globular Clusters.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Dynamics and Interactions of Binaries and Neutron Stars in Globular Clusters

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.853445Z

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Observation 5494e5e8-1fc7-4fea-8234-2b3054114bd4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.857478Z

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Observation d3c8c55a-3dd2-42c9-9d17-aea4fe8932a8 · outbound

This paper cites Production of Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Globular Clusters.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Production of Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Globular Clusters

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.860613Z

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Observation d29034fe-feab-422d-b5fb-cc3cd880d5b9 · outbound

This paper cites Evidence for hierarchical black hole mergers in the second LIGO--Virgo gravitational-wave catalog.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Evidence for hierarchical black hole mergers in the second LIGO--Virgo gravitational-wave catalog

Reference 49

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.867808Z

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Observation a41b462b-2f16-4d65-859d-b97c8a2bfbbe · outbound

This paper cites The origin channels of hierarchical binary black hole mergers in the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA O1, O2, and O3 runs.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes The origin channels of hierarchical binary black hole mergers in the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA O1, O2, and O3 runs

Reference 50

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.871525Z

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Observation d6af5eb0-093e-4050-ac27-b1cdfd25fdf1 · outbound

This paper cites Reconstructing the origin of black hole mergers using sparse astrophysical models.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Reconstructing the origin of black hole mergers using sparse astrophysical models

Reference 51

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.875211Z

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Observation 7f4decba-8c7a-4220-b8ee-8470002a37b5 · outbound

This paper cites Repeated mergers, mass-gap black holes, and formation of intermediate-mass black holes in nuclear star clusters.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Repeated mergers, mass-gap black holes, and formation of intermediate-mass black holes in nuclear star clusters

Reference 52

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.878373Z

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Observation d69807ec-002b-4726-bd28-9a1560220ef7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Unresolved cited work

Reference 53

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.881753Z

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Observation f4c4f925-02b9-4f17-8f96-ab721356f242 · outbound

This paper cites Deep learning and Bayesian inference of gravitational-wave populations: Hierarchical black-hole mergers.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Deep learning and Bayesian inference of gravitational-wave populations: Hierarchical black-hole mergers

Reference 54

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.885019Z

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Observation 53ebc985-a7f7-423e-a022-f15d00c5293d · outbound

This paper cites Kıro˘ glu, K.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Kıro˘ glu, K

Reference 55

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.888349Z

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Observation eb94dcc3-b223-43b0-a583-a8f84a15268f · outbound

This paper cites Very Massive, Rapidly Spinning Binary Black Hole Progenitors through Chemically Homogeneous Evolution -- The Case of GW231123.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Very Massive, Rapidly Spinning Binary Black Hole Progenitors through Chemically Homogeneous Evolution -- The Case of GW231123

Reference 56

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.891453Z

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Observation d9f589bb-116b-47a6-972c-7774d3e51525 · outbound

This paper cites Reconstructing phenomenological distributions of compact binaries via gravitational wave observations.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Reconstructing phenomenological distributions of compact binaries via gravitational wave observations

Reference 58

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.898320Z

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Observation 3c62bf6a-f3c9-42f7-9f1c-94c857cc4787 · outbound

This paper cites Wysocki and R.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Wysocki and R

Reference 59

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.901500Z

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Observation 2e1fd0b1-99bf-485a-a823-fa0ff21247ce · outbound

This paper cites Exploring Features in the Binary Black Hole Population.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Exploring Features in the Binary Black Hole Population

Reference 60

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.904619Z

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Observation 45fe8f47-9ba5-4309-9e8a-8b80c5a7fad3 · outbound

This paper cites Compactness Peaks and Subpopulations: Probing Stellar Physics and Formation Channels of Merging Binary Black Holes.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Compactness Peaks and Subpopulations: Probing Stellar Physics and Formation Channels of Merging Binary Black Holes

Reference 61

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.908475Z

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Observation e8f03066-1134-4076-b9e4-002b118b5610 · outbound

This paper cites Reversible-jump MCMC reveals binary black hole subpopulations with distinct redshift evolution.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Reversible-jump MCMC reveals binary black hole subpopulations with distinct redshift evolution

Reference 62

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.911470Z

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Observation a9321716-da9d-4349-a800-3b1f9a990f49 · outbound

This paper cites (H)DPGMM: A Hierarchy of Dirichlet Process Gaussian Mixture Models for the inference of the black hole mass function.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes (H)DPGMM: A Hierarchy of Dirichlet Process Gaussian Mixture Models for the inference of the black hole mass function

Reference 63

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.914517Z

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Observation f414a135-26bc-4abc-a21a-a609234dcb23 · outbound

This paper cites Comparing astrophysical models to gravitational-wave data in the observable space.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Comparing astrophysical models to gravitational-wave data in the observable space

Reference 64

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.918085Z

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Observation a5d8de6b-794c-43d8-9249-c8e28ff9ab25 · outbound

This paper cites BBH-Genesis: Disentangling Binary Black Hole Formation Channels with GWTC-4.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes BBH-Genesis: Disentangling Binary Black Hole Formation Channels with GWTC-4

Reference 65

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.921782Z

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Observation 545355c3-e1ff-4f11-ab74-a3055d3bd253 · outbound

This paper cites Evidence for mass-dependent spin subpopulations in GWTC-4.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Evidence for mass-dependent spin subpopulations in GWTC-4

Reference 66

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.925255Z

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Observation 36c7a41f-2757-4947-b1d3-359e475de90b · outbound

This paper cites The spin magnitude of stellar-mass binary black holes evolves with the mass: evidence from gravitational wave data.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes The spin magnitude of stellar-mass binary black holes evolves with the mass: evidence from gravitational wave data

Reference 67

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.928855Z

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Observation 42bd98cf-7b77-40eb-bc0d-6d59828defa3 · outbound

This paper cites On the Astrophysical Origin of Binary Black Hole Subpopulations: A Tale of Three Channels?.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes On the Astrophysical Origin of Binary Black Hole Subpopulations: A Tale of Three Channels?

Reference 68

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.932676Z

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Observation 7d4f18be-6f12-44d3-b9c0-30a12452a28f · outbound

This paper cites The Chirp-Mass Ladder: A New Rung Emerges.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes The Chirp-Mass Ladder: A New Rung Emerges

Reference 69

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.935764Z

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Observation f1b50c24-17f5-46b3-a808-45caa50956be · outbound

This paper cites The Emergence of Structure in the Binary Black Hole Mass Distribution.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes The Emergence of Structure in the Binary Black Hole Mass Distribution

Reference 70

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.938789Z

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Observation 68fcb784-915a-43f2-bada-a60794f15725 · outbound

This paper cites The First Detection of Sub-Populations in the Delay-Time Distribution of Binary Black Holes in GWTC-4 of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes The First Detection of Sub-Populations in the Delay-Time Distribution of Binary Black Holes in GWTC-4 of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA

Reference 71

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.941886Z

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Observation fca7a5b9-7a52-40e5-a9f0-74fbb9224547 · outbound

This paper cites Binary Black Hole Phase Space Discovers the Signature of Pair Instability Supernovae Mass Gap.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Binary Black Hole Phase Space Discovers the Signature of Pair Instability Supernovae Mass Gap

Reference 72

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.945083Z

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Observation 9ccd83ce-c0e0-4498-8b70-206b0339e1e8 · outbound

This paper cites Phase Space of Binary Black Holes from Gravitational Wave Observations to Unveil its Formation History.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Phase Space of Binary Black Holes from Gravitational Wave Observations to Unveil its Formation History

Reference 73

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.948792Z

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Observation 9ae9e0e3-30fe-4a07-9a32-0b242c5d7ec3 · outbound

This paper cites Second-Generation Mass Peak in the Gravitational-Wave Population as a Probe of Globular Clusters.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Second-Generation Mass Peak in the Gravitational-Wave Population as a Probe of Globular Clusters

Reference 74

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.952396Z

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Observation 73d316b0-cd97-411b-895b-b72019cee09e · outbound

This paper cites Qazalbash, M.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Qazalbash, M

Reference 75

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.956616Z

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Observation c192f163-3221-4f2e-8462-966d28b9fb26 · outbound

This paper cites An Implementation to Identify the Properties of Multiple Population of Gravitational Wave Sources.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes An Implementation to Identify the Properties of Multiple Population of Gravitational Wave Sources

Reference 76

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.959808Z

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Observation ec6e565f-2c7e-4fad-a6ed-12c94369b6d4 · outbound

This paper cites Extracting distribution parameters from multiple uncertain observations with selection biases.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Extracting distribution parameters from multiple uncertain observations with selection biases

Reference 77

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.963276Z

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Observation a220c7aa-23c5-4d5c-a43e-df5716451369 · outbound

This paper cites Accounting for Source Uncertainties in Analyses of Astronomical Survey Data.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Accounting for Source Uncertainties in Analyses of Astronomical Survey Data

Reference 78

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.966432Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 5fb8e4eb-7e57-42b2-98fa-589b8a2c5114 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Unresolved cited work

Reference 79

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.970502Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation cdd80158-73c3-4c67-b815-4fcdc1106717 · outbound

This paper cites A Thesaurus for Common Priors in Gravitational-Wave Astronomy.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes A Thesaurus for Common Priors in Gravitational-Wave Astronomy

Reference 80

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.974537Z

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Observation 6353fdf9-3ac2-4c88-ab82-3a0bc612a170 · outbound

This paper cites PixelPop: High Resolution Nonparameteric Inference of Gravitational-Wave Populations in Multiple Dimensions.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes PixelPop: High Resolution Nonparameteric Inference of Gravitational-Wave Populations in Multiple Dimensions

Reference 81

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.977650Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation b10abcd4-6ac2-4f44-a55c-6d5d5ba3ca4b · outbound

This paper cites GWTC-5.0: Population Properties of Merging Compact Binaries.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes GWTC-5.0: Population Properties of Merging Compact Binaries

Reference 83

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.985324Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 5c3e94f3-21c3-4909-a0ad-6136ecfbac6c · outbound

This paper cites GWTC-2: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes GWTC-2: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run

Reference 84

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.988227Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 4c58d750-2a62-4318-86a6-c1cf2ebcb97c · outbound

This paper cites Abbott, T.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Abbott, T

Reference 85

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.991537Z

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Observation bddc57fb-35df-44fe-b60e-9e69d07e2604 · outbound

This paper cites GWTC-5.0: Observations from the Second Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run and Updates to the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes GWTC-5.0: Observations from the Second Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run and Updates to the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog

Reference 86

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.994328Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 93214189-4933-4151-aba8-f56a7eb95db1 · outbound

This paper cites GWTC-4.0: Methods for Identifying and Characterizing Gravitational-wave Transients.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes GWTC-4.0: Methods for Identifying and Characterizing Gravitational-wave Transients

Reference 87

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:58.997555Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 8b1dd073-8244-4d69-91e7-3b9671e7ff65 · outbound

This paper cites Essick, M.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Essick, M

Reference 88

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:59.001722Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 9ff80446-2b3c-448a-b8a0-c5fc744e52fa · outbound

This paper cites Where are LIGO's Big Black Holes?.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Where are LIGO's Big Black Holes?

Reference 89

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:59.005588Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 50d029d9-937f-4dbd-8ade-aed2e69d8012 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Unresolved cited work

Reference 90

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:59.009471Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 7892cb8d-7d31-4449-ade3-8bba63cd74bc · outbound

This paper cites Poking Holes: Looking for Gaps in LIGO/Virgo's Black Hole Population.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Poking Holes: Looking for Gaps in LIGO/Virgo's Black Hole Population

Reference 91

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:59.012577Z

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Observation b084d556-592b-4737-9a29-fe0b74e18269 · outbound

This paper cites Bridging the Gap: Categorizing Gravitational-Wave Events at the Transition Between Neutron Stars and Black Holes.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Bridging the Gap: Categorizing Gravitational-Wave Events at the Transition Between Neutron Stars and Black Holes

Reference 92

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:59.015861Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 353fbef7-c16a-4156-bddc-2e23ec80c51d · outbound

This paper cites Ray and V.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Ray and V

Reference 93

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:59.019211Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 68a6f003-1099-4cb0-8be2-9f1bd3042ed3 · outbound

This paper cites Evidence of the pair instability gap from black hole masses.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Evidence of the pair instability gap from black hole masses

Reference 94

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:59.022436Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 7ed979a2-b2de-4d0e-9767-f3b0a252e270 · outbound

This paper cites Gravitational-wave constraints on the pair-instability mass gap and nuclear burning in massive stars.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Gravitational-wave constraints on the pair-instability mass gap and nuclear burning in massive stars

Reference 95

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:59.026632Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 304e87a7-1768-4363-b49f-ddc91b93ef06 · outbound

This paper cites Cosmic Cousins: Identification of a Subpopulation of Binary Black Holes Consistent with Isolated Binary Evolution.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Cosmic Cousins: Identification of a Subpopulation of Binary Black Holes Consistent with Isolated Binary Evolution

Reference 96

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:59.029687Z

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Observation d9bdb260-efe3-43cd-b49c-2d54bac0e033 · outbound

This paper cites Two of a Kind: Comparing big and small black holes in binaries with gravitational waves.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Two of a Kind: Comparing big and small black holes in binaries with gravitational waves

Reference 97

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:59.032656Z

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Observation 158ece46-3879-4388-9d36-975625f1910e · outbound

This paper cites What's in a binary black hole's mass parameter?.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes What's in a binary black hole's mass parameter?

Reference 98

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:59.036425Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0c04c46f-cad1-4b50-8a68-3eecd1e7997e · outbound

This paper cites Flanagan, F.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Flanagan, F

Reference 99

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:59.040216Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation dfb656b6-5ed7-4ce0-b852-ab6aa68aacd7 · outbound

This paper cites Compact Binary Coalescences in the Band of Ground-based Gravitational-Wave Detectors.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Compact Binary Coalescences in the Band of Ground-based Gravitational-Wave Detectors

Reference 100

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:59.043437Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4d97b2e2-14e0-4131-9a58-81f5182537ad · outbound

This paper cites Hierarchical analysis of gravitational-wave measurements of binary black hole spin-orbit misalignments.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Hierarchical analysis of gravitational-wave measurements of binary black hole spin-orbit misalignments

Reference 101

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:59.046791Z

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Observation 236dcd0a-1a62-4f95-b1eb-e447a8644c34 · outbound

This paper cites O’Shaughnessy, G.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes O’Shaughnessy, G

Reference 102

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:59.050828Z

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Observation 47591889-f140-4797-a63c-56f5da380f68 · outbound

This paper cites Explaining LIGO's observations via isolated binary evolution with natal kicks.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Explaining LIGO's observations via isolated binary evolution with natal kicks

Reference 103

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:59.053914Z

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Observation d6a753ff-9f5c-4909-bf82-e5e1da42d0e1 · outbound

This paper cites The Low Effective Spin of Binary Black Holes and Implications for Individual Gravitational-Wave Events.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes The Low Effective Spin of Binary Black Holes and Implications for Individual Gravitational-Wave Events

Reference 104

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:59.057592Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bab0a49f-74bc-40a9-b777-24dd2aba05f5 · outbound

This paper cites Building better spin models for merging binary black holes: Evidence for non-spinning and rapidly spinning nearly aligned sub-populations.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Building better spin models for merging binary black holes: Evidence for non-spinning and rapidly spinning nearly aligned sub-populations

Reference 105

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:59.060751Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 90be13a9-94c0-4c50-ba0b-ab555e0c578d · outbound

This paper cites Spin Doctors: How to diagnose a hierarchical merger origin.

Uncovering Hierarchical Sub-Population of Binary Black Holes Spin Doctors: How to diagnose a hierarchical merger origin

Reference 106

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:27:59.064536Z

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