Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 49 of 49 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2607.18659.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2607.18659 v1

Coverage vector

measured 49 of 49 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:59.578295Z

measured 49 of 49 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

49 of 49 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved48
parse uncertain1
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation db7aef74-7909-4830-92da-167464012e6c · outbound

This paper cites https: //developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/ display.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents https: //developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/ display

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:53.067890Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e9692586-fa55-45a0-a702-14bb9da643dc · outbound

This paper cites https://developers.google.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents https://developers.google

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:53.237270Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3988dec0-2ea7-450a-a773-dfbdd8a9ee4f · outbound

This paper cites https://www.google.com/recaptcha/about/.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents https://www.google.com/recaptcha/about/

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:53.387162Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ca1a2a27-f988-40c1-8120-89f9a3ab229c · outbound

This paper cites https://lp.similarweb.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents https://lp.similarweb

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:53.553057Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d03d7e61-b5bf-4b35-b107-b781591a3b01 · outbound

This paper cites https://www.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents https://www

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:53.742957Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 856f30e0-3e6b-497d-bcc5-c735e7cdb3b5 · outbound

This paper cites https: //developers.cloudflare.com/turnstile/, 2024.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents https: //developers.cloudflare.com/turnstile/, 2024

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:53.855004Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9aa478ca-3ca4-4d18-869c-d9fadcb2f980 · outbound

This paper cites Digital fortresses under siege: Threats to modern application architectures.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Digital fortresses under siege: Threats to modern application architectures

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:54.012974Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 22d0ba5c-519e-4a5a-8756-88a1db5eceab · outbound

This paper cites By- passing audio reCAPTCHA with automatic speech recognition models.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents By- passing audio reCAPTCHA with automatic speech recognition models

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:54.131696Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8e4b936b-88f1-492c-81e0-c15affb65ac7 · outbound

This paper cites Detecting imap credential stuffing bots using behavioural biometrics.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Detecting imap credential stuffing bots using behavioural biometrics

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:54.230871Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a0fe6d74-8534-4f32-9178-55e7395ba345 · outbound

This paper cites browser-use: Make any website accessible for AI agents.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents browser-use: Make any website accessible for AI agents

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:54.382455Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fa0bb9e2-8cb6-42ec-ab07-53a730a14e0c · outbound

This paper cites BrowserOS: LLM-powered browser au- tomation framework.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents BrowserOS: LLM-powered browser au- tomation framework

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:54.548785Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a7d1cb74-f3f4-4f56-9324-d7aacc207b25 · outbound

This paper cites Oedipus: LLM-enchanced Reasoning CAPTCHA Solver.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Oedipus: LLM-enchanced Reasoning CAPTCHA Solver

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:54.814894Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9a0c067e-3070-4a0c-a7dd-e58cb66da6cb · outbound

This paper cites IllusionCAPTCHA: A CAPTCHA based on Visual Illusion.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents IllusionCAPTCHA: A CAPTCHA based on Visual Illusion

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:54.980409Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c4b54897-c8cf-45f8-b4da-ef09d4adb50f · outbound

This paper cites Sok: Ma- chine vs.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Sok: Ma- chine vs

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:55.094838Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a27d0f70-9ccb-4112-b8aa-63726ab3a540 · outbound

This paper cites The history of digital spam.Communi- cations of the ACM, 62(8):82–91, 2019.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents The history of digital spam.Communi- cations of the ACM, 62(8):82–91, 2019

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:55.256189Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8f9d0822-2163-442a-80b2-2c4a9397784b · outbound

This paper cites Demystifying the underground ecosys- tem of account registration bots.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Demystifying the underground ecosys- tem of account registration bots

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:55.378122Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1dc20fb5-5e87-4793-b545-ad37c22a0575 · outbound

This paper cites reCAPTCHA v3: Verify requests without user interaction.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents reCAPTCHA v3: Verify requests without user interaction

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:55.526104Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bef31e3e-5c44-460e-a086-313dce270ba2 · outbound

This paper cites How Secure is Your Website? A Comprehensive Investigation on CAPTCHA Providers and Solving Services.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents How Secure is Your Website? A Comprehensive Investigation on CAPTCHA Providers and Solving Services

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:55.652109Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 706431f2-61a1-4127-8337-5c281c591f81 · outbound

This paper cites 2025 account takeover attack trends report.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents 2025 account takeover attack trends report

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:55.758105Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 03ba4360-07d4-496d-b872-61a698712cbb · outbound

This paper cites Web scraping or web crawling: State of art, techniques, approaches and application.In- ternational Journal of Advances in Soft Computing & Its Applications, 13(3), 2021.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Web scraping or web crawling: State of art, techniques, approaches and application.In- ternational Journal of Advances in Soft Computing & Its Applications, 13(3), 2021

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:55.902839Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 32d8c00f-a9d4-430e-9016-521eef2f7aaa · outbound

This paper cites Un- invited guests: Analyzing the identity and behavior of certificate transparency bots.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Un- invited guests: Analyzing the identity and behavior of certificate transparency bots

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:56.068510Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7308f019-fc38-49bc-910f-d34868e686a2 · outbound

This paper cites Human-aided bots.IEEE Internet Computing, 22(6):36–43, 2018.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Human-aided bots.IEEE Internet Computing, 22(6):36–43, 2018

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:56.194383Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5c1cf5a1-a185-44f5-9b82-cd3996dba4e6 · outbound

This paper cites Good bot, bad bot: Characterizing auto- mated browsing activity.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Good bot, bad bot: Characterizing auto- mated browsing activity

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:56.300530Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a2b32030-b4c4-4d77-81be-a3f5d03d7f5a · outbound

This paper cites WebCloak: Characterizing and mitigating threats from LLM-driven web agents as intelligent scrapers.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents WebCloak: Characterizing and mitigating threats from LLM-driven web agents as intelligent scrapers

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:56.406793Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1e9173ce-1855-42c5-9deb-ca06122ddbce · outbound

This paper cites Open CaptchaWorld: A Comprehensive Web-based Platform for Testing and Benchmarking Multimodal LLM Agents.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Open CaptchaWorld: A Comprehensive Web-based Platform for Testing and Benchmarking Multimodal LLM Agents

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:56.506288Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b5c129e6-9897-4d5d-b001-d9ea1f50b2c0 · outbound

This paper cites Manus: General-purpose AI agent.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Manus: General-purpose AI agent

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:56.666948Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 85fb1c0a-2f6a-4992-9a7f-faf6e26c58f1 · outbound

This paper cites OpenManus: An open-source frame- work for general AI agents.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents OpenManus: An open-source frame- work for general AI agents

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:56.926407Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9d193f48-0f46-47c7-bb98-c997a36f8785 · outbound

This paper cites Re:{CAPTCHAs—Understanding}{CAPTCHA- Solving} services in an economic context.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Re:{CAPTCHAs—Understanding}{CAPTCHA- Solving} services in an economic context

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:57.145874Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 02553f45-94c8-4c4f-a800-b7707ac9065c · outbound

This paper cites nanobrowser: Open-source Chrome ex- tension for AI-powered web automation.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents nanobrowser: Open-source Chrome ex- tension for AI-powered web automation

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:57.351857Z

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Observation 96ad5dec-ea4e-42b7-a9ea-31fa8e94a676 · outbound

This paper cites The matter of captchas: An analysis of a brittle security feature on the modern web.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents The matter of captchas: An analysis of a brittle security feature on the modern web

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:57.552719Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a5aa3418-dba5-42d8-bccc-e33113b1493e · outbound

This paper cites Comet: Browse at the speed of thought.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Comet: Browse at the speed of thought

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:57.654181Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c6dba794-3de2-4157-a2f5-50f6e4c7daac · outbound

This paper cites Effective bot management strategies for web applications.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Effective bot management strategies for web applications

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:57.842024Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 891ee81c-aebc-40e6-a866-f8deb9d8f3a7 · outbound

This paper cites I’m not a human: Breaking the google re- captcha.Black Hat, 14:1–12, 2016.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents I’m not a human: Breaking the google re- captcha.Black Hat, 14:1–12, 2016

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:57.914246Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f2e508ff-408f-449e-b368-394d2ee827e2 · outbound

This paper cites Best way to bypass captcha for ai browser automation (september 2025), 2025.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Best way to bypass captcha for ai browser automation (september 2025), 2025

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:57.987588Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d8aa90f7-44f4-415d-a6f5-33e15d0aeb3f · outbound

This paper cites Skyvern: Automate browser-based work- flows using LLMs and computer vision.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Skyvern: Automate browser-based work- flows using LLMs and computer vision

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:58.061827Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fecd25cc-fbf9-4765-b9a3-17f510b69b9a · outbound

This paper cites Credential stuffing in 2026: What startup teams need to know, March 2026.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Credential stuffing in 2026: What startup teams need to know, March 2026

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:58.159117Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 04842ee8-d14d-4d57-8bb8-169f66d776ce · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:58.253115Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ef39308f-c522-4946-93cf-55c9e989e55f · outbound

This paper cites Are captchas still bot-hard? generalized visual captcha solving with agentic vision language model.34th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 25), 2025.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Are captchas still bot-hard? generalized visual captcha solving with agentic vision language model.34th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 25), 2025

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:58.308960Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4b89155e-6521-4385-b03e-8a3ba1916302 · outbound

This paper cites Captcha me if you can: Imitation games with reinforcement learning.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Captcha me if you can: Imitation games with reinforcement learning

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:58.494302Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 67d7ed9c-0aaa-426c-a8e2-e5f6bfa9342f · outbound

This paper cites Credential stuffing attacks: Addi- tional 2025 DBIR research.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Credential stuffing attacks: Addi- tional 2025 DBIR research

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:58.664210Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8075ac73-ee16-4e24-ba81-7a343e4e0f38 · outbound

This paper cites Bot or Human? Detecting ChatGPT Imposters with A Single Question.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Bot or Human? Detecting ChatGPT Imposters with A Single Question

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:58.920626Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d00158af-3ec4-40cc-968b-37f1496e9b18 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:58.775045Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eeebbcfd-0c91-4987-80db-83b4962d872c · outbound

This paper cites Monitoring servers, with a little help from my bots.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Monitoring servers, with a little help from my bots

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:59.232500Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 68f4d1d9-22d6-4a9f-a6d5-0dc358382925 · outbound

This paper cites Towards understanding the security of modern image captchas and underground captcha-solving services.Big Data Mining and Analytics, 2(2):118–144, 2019.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Towards understanding the security of modern image captchas and underground captcha-solving services.Big Data Mining and Analytics, 2(2):118–144, 2019

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:59.137074Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 25e95ddc-b1d0-4bd7-b77e-ad2074e17755 · outbound

This paper cites Yet another text captcha solver: A generative adversarial network based approach.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Yet another text captcha solver: A generative adversarial network based approach

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:59.363245Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d2f4f206-8a5e-48a0-abbf-bc5f37a7c39d · outbound

This paper cites Agentic Web: Weaving the Next Web with AI Agents.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Agentic Web: Weaving the Next Web with AI Agents

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:59.296884Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fe32f665-aad2-42fc-8ae8-fd962f74b6f9 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4V(ision) is a generalist web agent, if grounded.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents GPT-4V(ision) is a generalist web agent, if grounded

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:59.578295Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c76d0f69-de7e-4824-9e36-12fb6606d52a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Unresolved cited work

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:59.463517Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 106e8bd6-52bb-483e-b99d-5584e789c783 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents Unresolved cited work

Reference 2025

Resolution: parse uncertain; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T14:45:54.667092Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.