Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.740231Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation
As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 35 of 35 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2608.03044.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
35 of 35 outbound references displayed
- verified exact1
- verified fuzzy13
- unresolved21
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation ca2b3072-0673-4a68-95e6-7d52dda98620 · outbound
This paper cites 2026 , month = feb, day =.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation 2026 , month = feb, day =
Reference 1
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:59.288450Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation b3de6333-4831-4b34-8e7f-0e97abd8fb8f · outbound
This paper cites Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning , articleno =.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning , articleno =
Reference 2
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.571778Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4628857c-f23f-4f36-b5e2-aa8c51347762 · outbound
This paper cites Benchmarking Distributional Alignment of Large Language Models.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation Benchmarking Distributional Alignment of Large Language Models
Reference 3
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.579240Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3c98e010-3453-45b1-9821-cd4aea901127 · outbound
This paper cites Specializing Large Language Models to Simulate Survey Response Distributions for Global Populations.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation Specializing Large Language Models to Simulate Survey Response Distributions for Global Populations
Reference 4
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.585021Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5d67f97a-0ca5-4b96-892d-dfa45de72666 · outbound
This paper cites Language Model Fine-Tuning on Scaled Survey Data for Predicting Distributions of Public Opinions.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation Language Model Fine-Tuning on Scaled Survey Data for Predicting Distributions of Public Opinions
Reference 5
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.590383Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7a47cb22-b585-4855-ada9-29a7a0021c4a · outbound
This paper cites Out of One, Many: Using Language Models to Simulate Human Samples , volume =.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation Out of One, Many: Using Language Models to Simulate Human Samples , volume =
Reference 6
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:59.261132Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 930524c0-d2aa-46e0-996a-2c6bf6e2b2c2 · outbound
This paper cites , title =.
Reference 7
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id_nonexistent, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.955623Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 1b84a8a4-130b-46b4-b3d2-b0fd07384db7 · outbound
This paper cites ``My Answer is C '': First-Token Probabilities Do Not Match Text Answers in Instruction-Tuned Language Models.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation ``My Answer is C '': First-Token Probabilities Do Not Match Text Answers in Instruction-Tuned Language Models
Reference 8
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.606538Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 988243c0-225a-4070-8f0b-9769e905e047 · outbound
This paper cites Virtual Personas for Language Models via an Anthology of Backstories.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation Virtual Personas for Language Models via an Anthology of Backstories
Reference 9
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.611343Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c54437e6-4328-4ba4-8718-108185128605 · outbound
This paper cites Sociodemographic Prompting is Not Yet an Effective Approach for Simulating Subjective Judgments with LLM s.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation Sociodemographic Prompting is Not Yet an Effective Approach for Simulating Subjective Judgments with LLM s
Reference 10
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.616228Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 03a35e30-152d-44c3-a15e-17b869e41509 · outbound
This paper cites Systematic Biases in LLM Simulations of Debates.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation Systematic Biases in LLM Simulations of Debates
Reference 11
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.621547Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e557fc3c-446b-4f5d-b257-f2eb06e2717b · outbound
This paper cites 2024 , eprint=.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation 2024 , eprint=
Reference 12
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.627120Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3227b0ce-4a03-4740-af90-8c3f54430af3 · outbound
This paper cites and Rosenthal, Seth A.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation and Rosenthal, Seth A
Reference 13
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:59.233383Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 525ec5fd-6888-4e70-bd1a-bee94266f8c8 · outbound
This paper cites 2024 , eprint=.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation 2024 , eprint=
Reference 14
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:59.215694Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 8f237c08-aa55-40a2-91ec-118ac73f76e9 · outbound
This paper cites 2026 , eprint=.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation 2026 , eprint=
Reference 15
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.641634Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 50706dfd-f76d-4a9f-b6f9-f93d8b4fa497 · outbound
This paper cites 2025 , eprint=.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation 2025 , eprint=
Reference 16
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:59.186091Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation df3e9dd3-2a18-40ab-b98b-b7eee43dac19 · outbound
This paper cites Do LLM s Exhibit Human-like Response Biases? A Case Study in Survey Design.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation Do LLM s Exhibit Human-like Response Biases? A Case Study in Survey Design
Reference 17
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.651832Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 15c8850a-c954-4f98-a0a8-ad14d6ca293d · outbound
This paper cites Questioning the survey responses of large language models , year =.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation Questioning the survey responses of large language models , year =
Reference 18
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:59.169817Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 949c4fd5-0893-4233-86f4-a21eef57ca77 · outbound
This paper cites 2026 , eprint=.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation 2026 , eprint=
Reference 19
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:59.152309Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 590acc4b-3f9f-4a1d-a605-c25b57e022fa · outbound
This paper cites 2026 , eprint=.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation 2026 , eprint=
Reference 20
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:59.135795Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 6cc63830-feb4-48cf-a3a8-ae854587750a · outbound
This paper cites The Thirty-ninth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Datasets and Benchmarks Track , year=.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation The Thirty-ninth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Datasets and Benchmarks Track , year=
Reference 21
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.671661Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9eef2aae-c3fa-4240-b963-e3cba6f70e66 · outbound
This paper cites 2026 , eprint=.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation 2026 , eprint=
Reference 22
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:59.108213Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation feb2f3e1-1c27-4162-a827-1ee8609d9404 · outbound
This paper cites 2026 , url =.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation 2026 , url =
Reference 23
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:59.092258Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 0b09bf2c-72ed-454e-a1bb-c03c9ee70818 · outbound
This paper cites 2025 , eprint=.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation 2025 , eprint=
Reference 24
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.685874Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d8a486c8-91e8-4a9e-bb07-780084ebd65c · outbound
This paper cites 2026 , eprint=.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation 2026 , eprint=
Reference 25
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.690967Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b04594d7-6735-4aa4-b20a-f9aedc97daca · outbound
This paper cites 2023 , eprint=.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation 2023 , eprint=
Reference 26
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.695792Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 239f9fbd-2386-40d3-862f-520b60a4566d · outbound
This paper cites On the Relationship between Truth and Political Bias in Language Models.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation On the Relationship between Truth and Political Bias in Language Models
Reference 27
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.700709Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f81975e1-df52-4d0a-8c67-608067b9e78b · outbound
This paper cites 2025 , eprint=.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation 2025 , eprint=
Reference 28
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:59.043953Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation a5835ca2-9cab-4e5c-ac7b-98fc1494eb4f · outbound
This paper cites 2026 , eprint=.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation 2026 , eprint=
Reference 29
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.710097Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5b18ed79-9a45-4921-9b95-d578a6f61c52 · outbound
This paper cites Position: Evaluating Generative AI Systems Is a Social Science Measurement Challenge.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation Position: Evaluating Generative AI Systems Is a Social Science Measurement Challenge
Reference 30
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.715300Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1e26a24c-31a6-42d7-85d2-92bd6f29e6ac · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation Unresolved cited work
Reference 31
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:59.015518Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 96eb1d09-5a08-45f9-a713-40c0e67536b2 · outbound
This paper cites 2025 , eprint=.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation 2025 , eprint=
Reference 32
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.997956Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 92905534-4f02-4ce5-bf05-ddfef102297f · outbound
This paper cites 2026 , eprint=.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation 2026 , eprint=
Reference 33
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.981011Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 6d7be350-387e-4113-91b5-7e4693efc9e1 · outbound
This paper cites Language Models as Agent Models.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation Language Models as Agent Models
Reference 34
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.735155Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e915351c-3990-4c6e-97d9-0f27344d88f7 · outbound
This paper cites Nature , author =.
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation Nature , author =
Reference 35
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T01:01:58.740231Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Pith citing papers
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.