Local magnetic order in vacancy-disrupted spin ice Ho2TiO5

Benjamin A. Frandsen; Haidong Zhou; Qiang Zhang; Raju Baral; Stuart Calder

REVIEW 3 major objections 4 minor 26 references

Local magnetic order in vacancy-disrupted spin ice Ho2TiO5

T0 review · 3 major / 4 minor · reviewed 2026-08-05 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read The stuffed pyrochlore Ho2TiO5 preserves local ice-rule-compatible order even though most tetrahedra are missing a magnetic spin.

desk verdict Solid site-resolved <111> anisotropy result from half-polarized diffraction, but the 'vacancy-disrupted spin ice' conclusion needs a null-model test and error bars before it lands. read the letter →

arxiv 2608.03850 v1 pith:C67ZWO5A submitted 2026-08-04 cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Raju Baral , Haidong Zhou , Qiang Zhang , Benjamin A. Frandsen , Stuart Calder This is my paper · ORCID

classification cond-mat.str-elcond-mat.mtrl-sci

keywords spinicestuffedpyrochloreHo2TiO5magneticpairdistributionfunctionreverseMonteCarloIsinganisotropydilutionfrustratedmagnetism

verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The paper asks what happens to spin-ice physics when the magnetic lattice is punched with vacancies. Starting from the canonical spin ice Ho2Ti2O7, the authors study Ho2TiO5, a stuffed pyrochlore where holmium and titanium share both cation sites so that roughly 80% of tetrahedra lack one or more magnetic spins. Combining real-space magnetic pair distribution function analysis, reverse Monte Carlo modeling of diffuse neutron scattering, and half-polarized neutron powder diffraction, they find that the holmium moments keep their local <111> Ising easy axes on both sublattices. Most incomplete tetrahedra adopt 2-in/1-out or 1-in/2-out configurations, which become ice-rule-valid two-in/two-out tetrahedra if the missing spin is restored. The conclusion is that Ho2TiO5 is a vacancy-disrupted spin ice: the single-ion prerequisite survives, the local ice-rule tendency persists, but collective two-in/two-out ordering is destroyed by quenched disorder rather than by thermal fluctuations.

What carries the argument

The object that carries the argument is the tetrahedron of the pyrochlore network, classified by how many of its four vertices carry a Ho moment pointing into or out of the center. The paper's central named result is 'vacancy-disrupted spin ice': the local ice-rule constraint survives on a topologically incomplete tetrahedral network. The mechanism is tested with three coordinated probes—real-space magnetic pair distribution function for nearest-neighbor spin-in/spin-out correlations, reciprocal-space reverse Monte Carlo for counting tetrahedral configurations in a supercell with random 2/3 Ho occupancy, and half-polarized neutron powder diffraction for the site-resolved susceptibility tenso

What would settle it

Measure the same Ho2TiO5 powder with 100 K (or higher) as the magnetic-free reference instead of 50 K and repeat the mPDF and RMC analyses; if the extracted low-temperature correlation amplitudes and tetrahedral configuration fractions change, the baseline assumption is wrong.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

Both compounds keep the average pyrochlore Fd-3m structure; Ho2TiO5 is best modeled with two-thirds Ho on both cation sites and local bond disorder. In Ho2Ti2O7, magnetic pair distribution function and reverse Monte Carlo analysis find ~95% two-in/two-out tetrahedra at 0.3 K, with progressive thermal disordering on warming. In Ho2TiO5, ~80% of tetrahedra are magnetically incomplete; the dominant configurations are 2-in/1-out and 1-in/2-out, which become ice-rule-valid if the missing Ho spin is restored. Half-polarized neutron powder diffraction shows <111> Ising anisotropy is retained on both sublattices, with a reduced anisotropy ratio. The paper's claim: Ho2TiO5 is a vacancy-disrupted spin

Load-bearing premise

The analysis treats the 50 K data as magnetically empty and subtracts them from all lower-temperature data; if short-range magnetic correlations still exist at 50 K, the extracted magnetic signal is biased.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

In Ho2TiO5, the ice-rule-compatible fraction is set by quenched Ho/Ti disorder rather than by thermal population of defects: warming changes configuration fractions only weakly, so the magnetic response is disorder-dominated rather than monopole-dominated.
Local spin-in/spin-out correlations extend only about 6–7 Å in Ho2TiO5, so collective ice-rule order is genuinely short-range despite the retained single-ion anisotropy.
The ~20% magnetically complete tetrahedra match the (2/3)^4 expectation for random site occupancy, validating the structural model against correlated-occupancy alternatives.
The reduced anisotropy ratio (χ∥/χ⊥ ≈ 2.1) implies that the local crystal-field environments in the stuffed lattice are broadened, so future crystal-field calculations must include site disorder to reproduce the susceptibility.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

A testable extension the paper does not perform: vary the stuffing level x in Ho2(Ti1−xHox)2O7−δ and map tetrahedral configuration fractions versus x; the same analysis should show a crossover from near-ideal ice-rule compliance to vacancy-disrupted behavior, with 2-in/1-out dominating once dilution is strong.
If the local ice-rule tendency is genuine, heat-capacity or magnetocaloric measurements on Ho2TiO5 may reveal a reduced residual entropy plateau, although vacancy disorder should smear any sharp Pauling-type value.
The similar <111> anisotropy found for A-site and B-site Ho suggests other pyrochlores with magnetic ions on both sublattices may retain Ising character under stuffing; half-polarized neutron diffraction offers a direct test without single crystals.

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Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Desk Editor's Note

read the letter

Dear [Name],

The one thing to know: this paper contains one genuinely solid, new result — the half-polarized neutron diffraction shows uniaxial <111> susceptibility tensors on both the A- and B-site Ho in Ho2TiO5, and that's an independent determination, not an input constraint. The other main claim, that a local ice-rule tendency survives in the vacancy-disrupted network, is plausible but not yet demonstrated. The RMC configuration fractions are presented without a null-model comparison or error bars, and for incomplete tetrahedra the "dominant" 2-in/1-out / 1-in/2-out pattern is exactly what random dilution plus random in/out spins already gives.

What the paper does well: the pNPD analysis is careful. The unconstrained refinement yields nearly identical anisotropic tensors for both sites, so the single-ion Ising character survives stuffing — a real and useful result. The structural story is also convincing: 2/3 Ho on both sites in Fd-3m, with low-r PDF misfits attributed to local bond disorder rather than symmetry lowering. The authors are transparent about the Pnma overfitting problem, which is good practice. The mPDF benchmark on Ho2Ti2O7 is a nice first — no one had directly fit mPDF to data for the canonical spin ice before.

Soft spots, in proportion. The biggest is the missing null model for the RMC fractions. For the complete tetrahedra, the observed 50% 2-in/2-out, 45% 3-in/1-out, 5% all-in/all-out actually leans toward the ice rule relative to the random 37.5/50/12.5 — so the stress-test note that says "within statistical reach" is not obviously right, and the direction of the deviation supports the paper. But without error bars (the 100-refinement averaging only gives a mean, no spread) and without the authors telling us how many complete tetrahedra are in the supercell, we cannot assess significance. For the incomplete tetrahedra, the argument is genuinely weak: random spins already make 2-in/1-out the dominant configuration. If the authors want to claim a residual ice-rule tendency, they need to compare their full configuration histogram to a random-occupancy/random-spin null, and show that the ice-rule-compatible fraction is enriched.

Second, the 50 K subtraction baseline. Figure 6(c) shows 1.47 uB at 40 K for Ho2Ti2O7, so "magnetic correlations are negligible" at 50 K is an assumption, not a measurement. If there is residual signal at 50 K, the mPDF and temperature-subtracted RMC lose some real magnetic scattering. This is a minor-to-moderate issue and fixable with a quick check.

Third, the mPDF fit to Ho2TiO5 uses a pre-assumed 2-in/2-out model, so the good fit is partly circular for the central question.

Who this is for: frustrated-magnetism experimentalists working on stuffed pyrochlores will want the anisotropy result and the structural characterization. The vacancy-disrupted spin-ice question is worth a serious referee, but the manuscript as written doesn't close it. I'd send it to review with explicit requests for a null-model comparison, error bars on the config fractions, a 50 K baseline check, and deposition of the RMC spin configurations and pNPD refinement parameters — "data available upon request" is not enough for this kind of analysis.

Recommendation: send to peer review.

Referee Report

3 major / 4 minor

Summary. The paper reports a multi-technique neutron scattering study of the stuffed pyrochlore Ho2TiO5 and the parent spin-ice compound Ho2Ti2O7. Using atomic and magnetic pair distribution function (PDF/mPDF) analysis, reciprocal-space reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modeling of diffuse magnetic scattering, and half-polarized neutron powder diffraction (pNPD), the authors determine the average and local atomic structure and the local magnetic correlations. They find that Ho2TiO5 retains the average Fd-3m pyrochlore structure with Ho/Ti mixing on both A and B sites at approximately 2/3 occupancy, and that the Ho moments on both sublattices retain uniaxial <111> Ising anisotropy, with a reduced anisotropy ratio relative to Ho2Ti2O7. For the parent compound, RMC and mPDF yield a nearly ideal 2-in/2-out spin-ice state at 0.3 K (about 95% ice-rule compliance). For Ho2TiO5, the RMC analysis indicates that most tetrahedra are magnetically incomplete, with dominant 2-in/1-out and 1-in/2-out configurations on incomplete tetrahedra and a small excess of 2-in/2-out over 3-in/1-out on complete tetrahedra. The authors conclude that Ho2TiO5 is a vacancy-disrupted spin ice in which a local ice-rule tendency survives on an incomplete tetrahedral network.

Significance. If fully established, the conclusion that a local ice-rule tendency survives strong magnetic dilution in a stuffed pyrochlore would be of genuine interest to the frustrated-magnetism community, as it bears on the robustness of local spin-ice correlations under disorder. The paper has notable strengths: the pNPD analysis is performed with an unconstrained susceptibility tensor and independently recovers uniaxial <111> anisotropy for both A- and B-site Ho, providing direct microscopic evidence for the persistence of single-ion Ising character. The combination of real-space mPDF and reciprocal-space RMC is appropriate and, for the reference compound Ho2Ti2O7, yields a clean benchmark (95% 2-in/2-out at 0.3 K). The authors also explicitly flag the Pnma overfitting issue and choose the more conservative Fd-3m model. However, the central claim regarding Ho2TiO5 is undermined by the lack of a statistical null-model comparison for the RMC-derived tetrahedral configuration fractions; the observed fractions appear close to those expected for random in/out spins on a randomly diluted lattice, so the paper's central assertion is not yet quantitatively supported.

major comments (3)

[§IV.2, Fig. 9(c-i)] The central claim of a residual 'local ice-rule tendency' in Ho2TiO5 rests on the RMC-derived tetrahedral configuration fractions. No null-model comparison or error bars are reported for these fractions. For random 2/3 Ho occupancy and independent random in/out spins, complete tetrahedra have P(2-in/2-out)=6/16=37.5%, P(3-in/1-out)=8/16=50%, and P(4-in/0-out)=2/16=12.5%; incomplete 3-spin tetrahedra have P(2-in/1-out or 1-in/2-out)=6/8=75%. The observed complete-tetrahedron fractions, approximately 50% 2-in/2-out, 45% 3-in/1-out, and 5% all-in/all-out (derived from the text's 10%, 9%, and 1% of all tetrahedra), are only modestly different from this null distribution, and the dominance of 2-in/1-out or 1-in/2-out among incomplete tetrahedra is exactly the null expectation. Furthermore, the statement that these configurations are 'locally compatible with the ice rule if the missing Ho spin
[§III.C and §IV.2] The 50 K dataset is used as a magnetic-free reference for both the mPDF and the temperature-subtracted RMC analyses. The manuscript states that magnetic correlations at 50 K are 'negligible' but does not demonstrate this. For the reference compound Ho2Ti2O7, Fig. 6(c) shows a finite effective correlated moment of 1.47 μB at 40 K, indicating that residual magnetic correlations can persist well above the 'negligible' range in related materials. If a similar residual exists at 50 K in Ho2TiO5 or Ho2Ti2O7, the subtraction removes some real magnetic signal and biases the extracted low-temperature amplitudes and hence the configuration fractions. Since this baseline assumption underlies the quantitative separation of magnetic from nuclear scattering throughout Sections III.C and IV, the authors should either justify the 50 K reference with data (e.g., show that the 50 K mPDF/RMC signal is feat
[§III.C.2, Fig. 6(b)] The mPDF refinement of Ho2TiO5 uses a pre-assumed 2-in/2-out spin configuration extended to include both Ho sites. Because the model explicitly imposes spin-in/spin-out ordering on the tetrahedra, the good fit to the negative nearest-neighbor peak at ~3.6 Å does not independently confirm a spin-ice-like correlation; it only shows that such a model is consistent with the data. The mPDF analysis is therefore best viewed as a forward-model estimate of the correlated moment amplitude, not as evidence for the ice-rule tendency. The manuscript should acknowledge this circularity more explicitly, or ideally use a more agnostic starting model (e.g., a configuration with random in/out spins) to demonstrate that the data require the ice-rule-like correlations.

minor comments (4)

[Fig. 6 caption] Typo: 'neligble' should be 'negligible'.
[§IV.2, Fig. 9] The text is ambiguous about whether the quoted fractions (10% 2-in/2-out, 9% 3-in/1-out, 1% all-in/all-out) are relative to all tetrahedra or to the 20% of complete tetrahedra. Please clarify and, if possible, report fractions conditional on the number of occupied vertices. Also, error bars are shown in Fig. 8 for Ho2Ti2O7 but not in Fig. 9(c-i); adding them would directly support the statistical comparison requested in the major comments.
[§III.C.2] The text says the mPDF model for Ho2TiO5 'used Ho2Ti2O7 refinement as the starting point' and extends to both sites. It would be helpful to describe how the B-site (16d) Ho spin directions are defined on their local <111> axes, since the B-site tetrahedral network is different from the A-site network. A brief description of the spin construction would improve reproducibility.
[§IV.1] The statement that the unconstrained RMC for Ho2TiO5 produced 'randomly oriented spins with no physically meaningful correlations, indicative of overfitting' is important, but it is not quantified. For a fair assessment, please report the fit quality (e.g., R-factor or chi-square) for both the constrained and unconstrained models so readers can judge whether the diffuse scattering carries enough information to determine spin orientations independently of the <111> constraint.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 1.0 of 10

No significant circularity; the key <111> Ising anisotropy is established independently by pNPD, and the RMC/mPDF outputs are not recycled as inputs.

full rationale

The derivation chain is not circular. The central claim that Ho2TiO5 retains local <111> Ising anisotropy is supported by half-polarized neutron powder diffraction: in Sec. III.B the paper reports that an unconstrained refinement (independent susceptibility tensors for the two Ho sites) yields uniaxial tensors with the easy axis along the local <111> direction for both sites. Thus the anisotropy is an experimental output, not an imposed constraint. The RMC configuration fractions in Sec. IV.2 are outputs of Spinvert fits to the measured diffuse magnetic scattering; the <111> constraint used for the final RMC is independently motivated by the pNPD result, and the unconstrained fit was dismissed only as overfitting. The mPDF analysis uses temperature-subtracted measured data and a spin-ice model to extract an effective moment; the negative nearest-neighbor peak is a feature of the data, not generated solely by the model. Self-citations (Ref. [13] for the pNPD setup, Ref. [19] for the temperature-subtraction method, Ref. [21] for peak removal) are methods or software references; the load-bearing pNPD technique is attributed to external work [18], and no uniqueness theorem or prior result by the same authors is invoked to forbid alternative interpretations. The main evidentiary weakness is that the Ho2TiO5 RMC fractions are not compared to a random-dilution null model: the dominance of 2-in/1-out among incomplete tetrahedra is also the combinatorial majority for independent random in/out spins on a three-spin tetrahedron. That weakens the inference of a residual ice-rule tendency, but it is a statistical/interpretive issue rather than a circular reduction of the claim to its inputs. No equation in the paper makes the central conclusion equal to a fitted parameter or to a self-citation. Score 1 reflects only minor author self-citations in methods sections, none load-bearing.

Assumptions & free parameters 3 free parameters · 5 assumptions · 0 invented entities

No new physical entities are introduced. The central claim rests on the refined site occupancy, the fitted susceptibility tensor, the fitted mPDF amplitude, and the interpretive assumptions listed above. The 50 K baseline and the random-occupancy assumption are the most fragile inputs.

free parameters (3)

Ho occupancy on A and B sites = 2/3 on each
Refined from POWGEN PDF and HB-2A Rietveld data; determines the 80% vacancy fraction that is central to the interpretation.
Constrained susceptibility tensor parameters = diagonal 2.29(16) uB/T, off-diagonal 0.65(38) uB/T
Fitted to half-polarized neutron powder diffraction data at 10 K and 0.5 T; used to establish the <111> easy axis and anisotropy ratio.
mPDF effective correlated moment amplitude = 7.57 uB (Ho2Ti2O7) and 9.7 uB (Ho2TiO5) at 0.3 K; temperature dependent
Amplitude fit of the magnetic PDF model; used to track thermal disordering but explicitly not interpreted as the ionic moment.

assumptions (5)

domain assumption Neutron total scattering pair distribution function and magnetic PDF can be separated by atomic fit residual subtraction with a 50 K reference.
Used throughout Section III.C; assumes 50 K data contain negligible magnetic scattering.
domain assumption Ho moments are randomly distributed with 2/3 occupancy on both A and B sites.
Used in RMC supercells and pNPD models; ignores possible short-range cation order.
domain assumption Magnetic scattering is negligible above Q = 6.5 inverse Angstroms due to the Ho3+ magnetic form factor.
Justifies the Fourier filter cutoff in mPDF analysis, Section III.C.
ad hoc to paper Spin configurations can be classified by counting spins into/out of each tetrahedron; incomplete tetrahedra are ice-rule compatible if restoring the missing spin yields 2-in/2-out.
Interpretive framework used to characterize RMC outputs; not independently justified beyond the spin-ice phenomenology.
domain assumption The unconstrained RMC model overfits and is discarded; the <111> Ising constraint is the physically relevant model.
Section IV.2; supported by pNPD, but the unconstrained fits failing is also consistent with insufficient information to determine 3D spin orientations.

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Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Local magnetic order in vacancy-disrupted spin ice Ho2TiO5." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/C67ZWO5A

@misc{pith2026260803850,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Local magnetic order in vacancy-disrupted spin ice Ho2TiO5},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/C67ZWO5A}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2608.03850}
}

abstract

We investigate how local magnetic correlations evolve when the classical pyrochlore spin-ice Ho2Ti2O7 is transformed into the partially disordered stuffed compound Ho2TiO5. Neutron scattering measurements were analyzed using real-space magnetic pair distribution function, reciprocal-space reverse Monte Carlo, and half-polarized neutron powder diffraction methods to connect the average crystal structure with local magnetic correlations. Both compounds retain long-range $Fd-3m symmetry, but in Ho2TiO5 this average structure distorts locally through Ho-O, Ti-O and O-O bond-length disorder associated with partial Ho/Ti occupancy. Despite this disorder, half-polarized neutron powder diffraction shows that the Ho moments retain local <111> rangle Ising anisotropy and form spin-in/spin-out configurations on the tetrahedral network. In Ho2Ti2O7, real- and reciprocal-space analyses reveal a nearly ideal two-in/two-out spin-ice state at 0.3K, with 95% of tetrahedra satisfying the ice rule, followed by progressive thermal disordering on warming. In Ho2TiO5, most tetrahedra are magnetically incomplete because some tetrahedral vertices are occupied by nonmagnetic Ti rather than Ho; nevertheless, the dominant incomplete configurations are 2-in/1-out and 1-in/2-out, which are locally compatible with the ice rule if the missing Ho spin is restored. The single-ion <111> Ising anisotropy is therefore retained throughout, while the collective ice ordering is strongly disrupted: Ho2TiO5 is a vacancy-disrupted spin ice in which a local ice-rule tendency persists on a topologically incomplete magnetic network.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2608.03850 by the authors.

**Figure 3.** FIG. 3. PDF pattern of Ho [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_3.png] view at source ↗

**Figure 2.** (b)). However, we caution that the adoption of P nma for the local atomic fit refinement introduces a substantially larger number of free parameters, raising the risk of overfitting. This concern is corroborated by the 10 K PDF data, where the P nma model produces an apparently good fit, with no residual magnetic signal in the fit. Inspection of the temperature-subtracted scattering, S(Q, 10 K) − S(Q, 50 K), reveal… view at source ↗

Figures from the paper (6 more)

**Figure 4.** Figure 4: FIG. 4. Rietveld refinement of the neutron powder diffrac [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_4.png]

**Figure 5.** Figure 5: FIG. 5. Half-polarized neutron powder diffraction for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_5.png]

**Figure 6.** Figure 6: FIG. 6. Temperature dependent mPDF fits of (a) Ho [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_6.png]

**Figure 8.** Figure 8: FIG. 8. Bar charts showing the fraction of tetrahedra adopt [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_8.png]

**Figure 7.** Figure 7: FIG. 7. (a) 2-in 2-out spin structure. (b) Reverse Monte [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_7.png]

**Figure 9.** Figure 9: FIG. 9. (a) RMC fit to the magnetic diffuse scattering of Ho [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_9.png]

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

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The magnetic PDF signal was isolated by first performing an atomic PDF refinement using the establishedF d ¯3m crystal structure of Ho 2Ti2O7

mPDF analysis of Ho 2Ti2O7 We analyzed the short-range magnetic correlations of Ho2Ti2O7 in real space using the mPDF technique. The magnetic PDF signal was isolated by first performing an atomic PDF refinement using the establishedF d ¯3m crystal structure of Ho 2Ti2O7. The resulting fit resid- ual, defined as the difference between the measured PDF and ...

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2025

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Reviewed August 5, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.

[1] [1]

The magnetic PDF signal was isolated by first performing an atomic PDF refinement using the establishedF d ¯3m crystal structure of Ho 2Ti2O7

mPDF analysis of Ho 2Ti2O7 We analyzed the short-range magnetic correlations of Ho2Ti2O7 in real space using the mPDF technique. The magnetic PDF signal was isolated by first performing an atomic PDF refinement using the establishedF d ¯3m crystal structure of Ho 2Ti2O7. The resulting fit resid- ual, defined as the difference between the measured PDF and ...

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[2] [2]

The isolation of the magnetic PDF signal was done in a similar manner to Ho 2Ti2O7 usingF d¯3m space group with Ho occupancy 2/3 on both A and B sites

mPDF analysis of Ho 2TiO5 Having established the crystal structure and local magnetic anisotropy of Ho 2TiO5 above, and with the example of Ho 2Ti2O7, we now turn to the analysis of the short range magnetic correlations at low tempera- ture directly in real space using the mPDF technique for Ho2TiO5. The isolation of the magnetic PDF signal was done in a ...

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[3] [3]

RMC modeling of Ho 2Ti2O7 FIG. 7. (a) 2-in 2-out spin structure. (b) Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modeling of the magnetic diffuse scattering of Ho2Ti2O7 at 0.3 K usingSpinvert. The red symbols repre- sent the experimental magnetic diffuse scattering data, while the black line shows theSpinvertfit. (c) Vertically stacked temperature series of magnetic diffus...

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[4] [4]

To isolate the diffuse magnetic signal a temperature subtraction ap- proach was employed

RMC modeling of Ho 2TiO5 To investigate the nature of the magnetic diffuse scat- tering and its evolution with temperature, RMC refine- ments were performed against the total neutron scatter- ing data of polycrystalline Ho 2TiO5 collected at tem- peratures ranging from 0.3 K - 50 K. To isolate the diffuse magnetic signal a temperature subtraction ap- proa...

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[5] [5]

J. S. Gardner, M. J. P. Gingras, and J. E. Greedan, Mag- netic pyrochlore oxides, Rev. Mod. Phys.82, 53 (2010)

2010

[6] [6]

M. J. Harris, S. T. Bramwell, D. F. McMorrow, T. Zeiske, and K. W. Godfrey, Geometrical frustration in the ferromagnetic pyrochlore Ho 2Ti2O7, Phys. Rev. 10 Lett.79, 2554 (1997)

work page 1997

[7] [7]

S. T. Bramwell and M. J. Harris, Frustration in ising- type spin models on the pyrochlore lattice, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter10, L215 (1998)

work page 1998

[8] [8]

S. T. Bramwell, M. J. Harris, B. C. den Hertog, M. J. P. Gingras, J. S. Gardner, D. F. McMorrow, A. R. Wildes, A. L. Cornelius, J. D. M. Champion, R. G. Melko, and T. Fennell, Spin correlations in Ho 2Ti2O7: A dipolar spin ice system, Phys. Rev. Lett.87, 047205 (2001)

work page 2001