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RE-completeness of entangled constraint satisfaction problems
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abstract
Constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) are a natural class of decision problems where one must decide whether there is an assignment to variables that satisfies a given formula. Schaefer's dichotomy theorem, and its extension to all alphabets due to Bulatov and Zhuk, shows that CSP languages are either efficiently decidable, or NP-complete. It is possible to extend CSP languages to quantum assignments using the formalism of nonlocal games. Due to the equality of complexity classes MIP$^\ast=$ RE, general succinctly-presented entangled CSPs are RE-complete. In this work, we show that a wide range of NP-complete CSPs become RE-complete in this setting, including all boolean CSPs, such as 3SAT, as well as $3$-colouring. This also implies that these CSP languages remain undecidable even when not succinctly presented. To show this, we work in the weighted algebra framework introduced by Mastel and Slofstra, where synchronous strategies for a nonlocal game are represented by tracial states on an algebra. Along the way, we improve the subdivision technique in order to be able to separate constraints in the CSP while preserving constant soundness, construct commutativity gadgets for all boolean CSPs, and show a variety of relations between the different ways of presenting CSPs as games.
Forward citations
Cited by 2 Pith papers
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Existence and nonexistence of commutativity gadgets for entangled CSPs
A CSP whose quantum endomorphism monoid is non-classical admits no commutativity gadget; in particular, k-colouring for k at least 4 has no commutativity gadget, while an oracular commutativity gadget exists.
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Gap-preserving reductions and RE-completeness of independent set games
Independent set games with a constant number of questions are RE-complete for entangled provers, so their gapped quantum value is undecidable while the classical problem is polynomial-time solvable.
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