Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 100 of 105 outbound references and 5 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2503.04765.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2503.04765 v2

Coverage vector

measured 100 of 105 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.361828Z

measured 105 of 105 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 5 of 5 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T16:26:38.233324Z

measured 1 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Reference resolution

100 of 105 outbound references displayed

verified exact36
verified fuzzy2
unresolved51
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier3
metadata mismatch8

External citation measurements

2
arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Outbound references

Observation e07963e7-7b73-45bd-a62f-e68f4c91d7eb · outbound

This paper cites Hello GPT-4o.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Hello GPT-4o

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.870865Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 30e26f49-53b1-48d2-9de4-bb7ac1eff943 · outbound

This paper cites GPT -4o mini: advancing cost -efficient intelligence.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma GPT -4o mini: advancing cost -efficient intelligence

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.876904Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a996650b-b881-49a2-aa48-2bd392ea63ef · outbound

This paper cites Introducing Gemini 1.5, Google's next -generation AI model.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Introducing Gemini 1.5, Google's next -generation AI model

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.881783Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 20e0e1cc-a878-4906-9f8d-eedded6c392b · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5-Max: Exploring the Intelligence of Large -scale MoE Model.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Qwen2.5-Max: Exploring the Intelligence of Large -scale MoE Model

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.886855Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation afe32d30-7a8e-4ca0-945d-58c20a398b58 · outbound

This paper cites Introducing DeepSeek -V3.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Introducing DeepSeek -V3

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.891905Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 33a3878c-6e02-46c0-aabc-bfe2f4e727bb · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-Coder-V2: Breaking the Barrier of Closed-Source Models in Code Intelligence.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma DeepSeek-Coder-V2: Breaking the Barrier of Closed-Source Models in Code Intelligence

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.896849Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0e84f701-d103-497e-b147-ef7c15150399 · outbound

This paper cites Introducing Llama 3.1: Our most capable models to date.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Introducing Llama 3.1: Our most capable models to date

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.902763Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c6651cb7-33a4-4230-868a-02ccc11b337f · outbound

This paper cites Llama-2-7b.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Llama-2-7b

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.907568Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7bd18e5d-4eb2-4d5e-b59d-b5422dfe754a · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 2 27B.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Gemma 2 27B

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.912510Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c7dc92b5-1028-4912-b7a4-40aa4a5a1ce5 · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B: The best model to date, Apache 2.0.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Mistral 7B: The best model to date, Apache 2.0

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.917710Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 353421f1-e62f-4f0b-874c-7f41933a8283 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.923378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5dac2ba2-9a44-48a7-badb-0373f591d336 · outbound

This paper cites Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.928821Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1f9dd98d-fab7-4dcd-912d-59eb0c1e56dd · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.933819Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 53436305-6db2-4d64-82a7-31f3c1245019 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-V2: A Strong, Economical, and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Language Model.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma DeepSeek-V2: A Strong, Economical, and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Language Model

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.938805Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 631d468e-00b1-4933-8f3c-1d5bb2a3c0d7 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.943828Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0e3856c5-7df2-4b59-a216-afa2676ddfeb · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.949020Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3e5b9266-8f28-4a26-9597-ca85cc7249c3 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen Technical Report.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Qwen Technical Report

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.954519Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 32ff102b-04f6-421b-b87d-dd3c87d8b51a · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.959776Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 059c7645-ca3c-45ce-93de-41528cca65c2 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek API Docs.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma DeepSeek API Docs

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.964858Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ee5820cd-46e0-4d97-9f15-4634a749f624 · outbound

This paper cites Hugging Face Web Site.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Hugging Face Web Site

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.969329Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 22be43a8-063c-4745-bf82-05fc7a3ba5a8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.973969Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 40852497-934b-4abc-9a0d-51c2081f8075 · outbound

This paper cites Github.com OpenAI Simple -evals.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Github.com OpenAI Simple -evals

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.978608Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ded2ea39-b32b-46a6-8127-79311a0ed43b · outbound

This paper cites LiveBench: A Challenging, Contamination-Limited LLM Benchmark.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma LiveBench: A Challenging, Contamination-Limited LLM Benchmark

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.983376Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c0ecdbaf-6d62-43f3-ae0e-d6ab59880e06 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-V3.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma DeepSeek-V3

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.988591Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7dba551f-f862-4a9f-a003-823f05e706db · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 -Max: Exploring the Intelligence of Large -scale MoE Model.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Qwen2.5 -Max: Exploring the Intelligence of Large -scale MoE Model

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.993287Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 232963ab-5e04-4c6d-9524-31c2d0b31caf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:57.998354Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d5b54184-7b62-4040-b08e-6e7c56f966e4 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.003107Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 447474e2-8550-462f-94a7-b096a7bfc59e · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: open source, free for research and commercial use.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Llama 2: open source, free for research and commercial use

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.008000Z

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Observation 2a3acd78-1da2-4693-9335-48e785109d2f · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.012731Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5c832bca-23fd-4d82-9c3b-74a09f12c7d3 · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Mistral 7B

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.017535Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cbc14870-7602-45a4-a5b0-d2de44e647b4 · outbound

This paper cites (2020, June).

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma (2020, June)

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.022609Z

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Observation b2ddbb9e-0a13-4ca1-bfc2-68bee3d112df · outbound

This paper cites A., Fletcher, D.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma A., Fletcher, D

Reference 32

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:59.073461Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 4e9302cc-f4ae-4ece-8cc1-6147a5f22a04 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:59.058243Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation a35b0017-e56a-4530-b8e6-1c5ee4717a4d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.037396Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 52e40329-10ce-47f8-95af-dd30fa248708 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:59.043376Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation dbb12703-e593-48f9-a253-250b483fbfa1 · outbound

This paper cites O., van Hilten, M., Oosterkamp, E., & Bogaardt, M.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma O., van Hilten, M., Oosterkamp, E., & Bogaardt, M

Reference 36

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:59.027219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 32f4fa48-8b7f-46e5-a5e7-fd93077625eb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 0fe978a4-2c3c-4e6d-9486-c4e17eb0c5fb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:44:00.771971Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation fd3b839a-807d-4748-b808-040d74766fd7 · outbound

This paper cites (2021, June).

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma (2021, June)

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.061676Z

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Observation b9f5835f-c822-4b30-a61a-8ef6f02d2a06 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:44:00.631251Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 56717239-78d0-44db-9221-ccc9aee4aae8 · outbound

This paper cites R., Kaynak, O., & Yin, S.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma R., Kaynak, O., & Yin, S

Reference 41

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:59.011694Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation b8c6afee-00a1-4e8d-a9b8-031fcd977a94 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.995893Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 3d7c1600-ba19-46ca-af08-10f4bc219aa6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.979771Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation aeb9acb7-0001-4871-ba81-64d87a8f10d1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.963429Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 41266c0a-9856-4884-b89e-9c3852019b5b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.090430Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 55fa70ed-9214-4c9a-a797-4bb120cee257 · outbound

This paper cites C., & Anumba, C.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma C., & Anumba, C

Reference 46

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.945897Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 7b66f637-9cee-4072-8c3a-df3f151cc572 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:44:00.535825Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation b7351d3c-a534-44d0-ad22-8059ac1b8118 · outbound

This paper cites N., & Zhang, P.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma N., & Zhang, P

Reference 48

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.926220Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 73258950-eb1e-48fc-8a20-da82b4831f49 · outbound

This paper cites A., & Park, S.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma A., & Park, S

Reference 49

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:44:00.445251Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation a31df056-7ca5-49a1-8a3a-a27a8b15c05e · outbound

This paper cites M., & Rutka, J.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma M., & Rutka, J

Reference 50

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:44:00.344950Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation efb91625-5fc5-454e-af7e-a7efb96e953a · outbound

This paper cites U., Koppu, S., Ramu, S.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma U., Koppu, S., Ramu, S

Reference 51

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:44:00.270012Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

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Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma D., Cai, J., Niyato, D., & Yi, C

Reference 53

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Observation eed6b745-efe2-4728-a8b2-a716757c4fa5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 54

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Reference 55

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.893638Z

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Observation 502bcf8a-8bed-4b48-b52e-86ac7a2f5b3f · outbound

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Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 56

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Observation 5b0447f5-7e12-45f1-a98c-54d91ebf0f70 · outbound

This paper cites H., & Brown, K.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma H., & Brown, K

Reference 57

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Reference 58

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Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma S., & Ferdous, M

Reference 59

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Observation fadbae50-7465-4352-a8af-c6d8b024703b · outbound

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Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma A., Yang, C., & El Saddik, A

Reference 60

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Observation f67239ca-bedf-443b-8510-b485e4fea1a5 · outbound

This paper cites E., Jones, R.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma E., Jones, R

Reference 61

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Observation db9ecc59-0624-43d7-b14f-0733c81edb24 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

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Reference 62

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Observation b41bf749-8ce5-42c9-8a8a-6c86c15c878e · outbound

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Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma T., Omidvari, A

Reference 63

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Observation bf6f0183-1c56-49c8-9dc1-7aabeafe294b · outbound

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Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma P., Boopalan, P., Pham, Q

Reference 64

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Observation faf28481-6c7b-403f-bd78-448c33d805b8 · outbound

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Reference 65

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.765577Z

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Observation a17b8b90-dbbe-4567-94f8-b83a59547a9e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 66

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This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 67

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.750379Z

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Observation ffb3650b-c791-4115-aa55-2e3ad39bd9ea · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 68

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 5f0e8aa2-594e-4940-9d98-a695ae949db5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 69

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 9a5bf09f-ada0-4200-9e8d-3e07e42bb6bb · outbound

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Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma M., & Berssaneti, F

Reference 70

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.725830Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 81e5370f-e8b1-4501-a22e-cf07cae97cfe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 71

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.710731Z

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Observation 1aebed83-434f-4b34-8389-a4a168c73e0f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 72

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.695859Z

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Observation ad2d8ab3-2b26-4db1-80bf-25821e6d8fad · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 73

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Observation d0790066-371f-4518-adc3-4c8cc051a5a3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 74

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.680750Z

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Observation 283d85a2-581f-46dc-bef5-475e68b6419c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

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Reference 75

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.665306Z

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Observation b269640b-85f5-463f-8391-c4455f5d770c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 76

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.648148Z

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Observation 4f8d452e-5321-41f6-82e3-96264ba412f8 · outbound

This paper cites M., Wardat, Y., & Fidalgo, P.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma M., Wardat, Y., & Fidalgo, P

Reference 77

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.632656Z

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Observation 7b352d8c-a837-409f-8488-df20736ebc13 · outbound

This paper cites P., & Botchu, R.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma P., & Botchu, R

Reference 78

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.617210Z

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Observation 9be2ad6d-f83a-4c59-85ee-84a23cb9afbe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 79

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.601402Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 58179877-5ce5-4685-94cc-fe6826560c6a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 80

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.585158Z

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Observation b2f583eb-320a-4309-a33a-248c39d52607 · outbound

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Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma A Survey of Large Language Models

Reference 81

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This paper cites Large Language Models: A Survey.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 82

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Prompting Language Models for Linguistic Structure

Reference 83

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1ff1b1d8-db35-4bd6-88ee-924cc20873d2 · outbound

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Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma An Overview on Language Models: Recent Developments and Outlook

Reference 84

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 08f1c084-b20c-4b0a-b27e-14c41c77a9c2 · outbound

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Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma A., Howard, F

Reference 85

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5ebfd141-d3f4-445f-bc96-5093c78a5fa1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

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Reference 86

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.496193Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation e349eaef-9502-4704-8447-ac8793b08725 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 87

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 243adfe1-36b2-4c65-a110-e39e04200974 · outbound

This paper cites R., & Rachid, L.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma R., & Rachid, L

Reference 88

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Observation 356977cb-e4ca-4f1f-b37b-23fdbf509b55 · outbound

This paper cites L., Perle, S.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma L., Perle, S

Reference 89

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.480841Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 33f4f29b-c022-4acf-9dcc-eb1be87409ed · outbound

This paper cites Artificial Intelligence (AI).

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Reference 90

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:59.493834Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation b2cac05d-b903-42ea-9000-3a70751e5f5a · outbound

This paper cites E., Magnus, D.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma E., Magnus, D

Reference 91

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5e6e1866-d701-449b-9b68-1c999bb0edb6 · outbound

This paper cites AI Policy.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma AI Policy

Reference 92

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ea882a5c-17a4-4ed2-b27e-5fa25016007e · outbound

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Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Generative AI policies for journals

Reference 93

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma APA Journals policy on generative AI: Additional guidance

Reference 94

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.333252Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 876a8d3a-c039-4e37-9928-cd556ca3c394 · outbound

This paper cites Artificial Intelligence (AI).

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Reference 95

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.337962Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a31bbe75-721a-47af-84d4-f08aaa5fd8f7 · outbound

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Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Artificial Intelligence Policy

Reference 96

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Observation 78fdfbea-4884-42c8-9e1d-9a6588df9df7 · outbound

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Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma Unresolved cited work

Reference 97

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.453785Z

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Observation 1970f1ee-7ea1-4415-9ca4-bd5f8886fde9 · outbound

This paper cites P., & Ravindran, V.

Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma P., & Ravindran, V

Reference 98

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Observation 54bad659-57d7-477f-a7e1-b621bcd1cb9f · outbound

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Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma (2024) How Much Plagiarism Is Allowed? Originality.ai https://originality.ai/blog/how-much-plagiarism-is-allowed

Reference 99

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Observation 08d54145-6bcf-4d64-b42e-18099fd62de7 · outbound

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Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma N., Sarcinella, L., Gabriele, L., & Bonifazi, M

Reference 100

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:43:58.420914Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 02d77625-3a4b-4469-b4b4-7d044dbd7be4 · inbound

Let's Get You Hired: A Job Seeker's Perspective on Multi-Agent Recruitment Systems for Explaining Hiring Decisions cites this paper.

Let's Get You Hired: A Job Seeker's Perspective on Multi-Agent Recruitment Systems for Explaining Hiring Decisions Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma

Reference 1

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Observation f7810828-6d68-49ee-9ad0-f11f05ebab57 · inbound

DeepSeek in Healthcare: A Survey of Capabilities, Risks, and Clinical Applications of Open-Source Large Language Models cites this paper.

DeepSeek in Healthcare: A Survey of Capabilities, Risks, and Clinical Applications of Open-Source Large Language Models Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma

Reference 50

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Beyond Traditional Algorithms: Leveraging LLMs for Accurate Cross-Border Entity Identification cites this paper.

Beyond Traditional Algorithms: Leveraging LLMs for Accurate Cross-Border Entity Identification Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma

Reference 5

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 47d2cfc2-1919-45eb-9ae0-d2c6472632c4 · inbound

Combining TSL and LLM to Automate REST API Testing: A Comparative Study cites this paper.

Combining TSL and LLM to Automate REST API Testing: A Comparative Study Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T16:26:38.233324Z

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Observation 227a07d0-5bbb-4aab-8a2e-af4309b75550 · inbound

Analysis of Blood Report Images Using General Purpose Vision-Language Models cites this paper.

Analysis of Blood Report Images Using General Purpose Vision-Language Models Generative AI in Academic Writing: A Comparison of DeepSeek, Qwen, ChatGPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and Gemma

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T18:22:46.824241Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.