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Correlating $A \to \gamma\gamma$ with electric dipole moments in the two Higgs doublet model in light of the diphoton excesses at 95 GeV and 152 GeV

T0 review · 2 major / 5 minor · reviewed 2026-08-12 · deepseek-v4-flash

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Pith's one-line read A single complex parameter of the two-Higgs-doublet model could produce both observed diphoton excesses, tying a 95 GeV or 152 GeV $A\to\gamma\gamma$ signal to electron, neutron, and proton electric dipole moments.

desk verdict Plausible new correlation between A→γγ and EDMs in the 2HDM, but the advertised viable regions rely on an unmotivated tuning of the flavor-alignment parameters. read the letter →

arxiv 2412.00523 v3 pith:3DI4FW66 submitted 2024-11-30 hep-ph hep-ex

Sumit Banik , Guglielmo Coloretti , Andreas Crivellin , Howard E. Haber This is my paper · ORCID
classification hep-phhep-ex
keywords two-Higgs-doubletmodelflavoralignmentCPviolationdiphotonexcesselectricdipolemomentHiggslimitchargedlooplightboson
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This paper proposes that the diphoton excesses seen at 95 GeV and 152 GeV at the LHC could both be produced by decays of the mostly CP-odd scalar $h_3\simeq A$ in the CP-violating flavor-aligned two-Higgs-doublet model. The same complex scalar-potential parameter $\bar Z_7$ that gives $A$ a sizable branching ratio to two photons, through a charged-Higgs loop, also generates electric dipole moments for the electron, neutron, and proton. The authors show that the 95 GeV and 152 GeV excesses can be explained while respecting the current electron EDM bound, and that the surviving parameter regions fall within the reach of planned neutron and proton EDM experiments. If the 95 GeV excess is really $A$, then the mostly CP-even partner $h_2\simeq H$ at about 98 GeV can simultaneously explain the LEP Higgs-strahlung excess in $b\bar b$.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing object is the basis-invariant complex parameter $\bar Z_7$ in the scalar potential of the general two-Higgs-doublet model. In the Higgs-alignment limit the charged-Higgs coupling $H^+H^-h_3$ is $v\,\mathrm{Im}\,\bar Z_7$, so a nonzero imaginary part produces $A\to\gamma\gamma$ through a charged-Higgs loop without suppression from small scalar mixing; the same $\bar Z_7$ phase generates CP-violating Yukawa phases that induce fermion EDMs through Barr-Zee two-loop diagrams and the three-gluon Weinberg operator. The flavor-alignment parameters $a_U,a_D,a_E$ control the fermion-loop contributions and, crucially, the electron EDM: setting $a_D=a_E=0$ (95 GeV benchmark) or taking a small universal $a_F$ (152 GeV benchmark) suppresses the electron EDM while keeping the top-quark coupling needed for gluon-fusion production.

What would settle it

Measure the neutron EDM at about $10^{-27}\,e\,\mathrm{cm}$ and the proton EDM at about $10^{-29}\,e\,\mathrm{cm}$: the paper predicts that the parameter space explaining the 95 GeV excess (and, with $a_E=0$, the 152 GeV excess) gives EDMs at or above these levels, so null results would rule out the mechanism. A complementary test is a future electron EDM measurement near $10^{-31}\,e\,\mathrm{cm}$, which with nonzero $a_E$ would exclude the 152 GeV region shown in Fig. 3.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central claim is that a single CP-violating interaction, the $H^+H^-A$ coupling controlled by $\mathrm{Im}\,\bar Z_7$, can give the mostly CP-odd state $A$ a large enough branching ratio to photons to account for the observed 95 GeV and 152 GeV diphoton excesses, while the same interaction feeds through two-loop Barr-Zee and Weinberg-operator diagrams into electron, neutron, and proton EDMs. Under the Higgs alignment limit and with small flavor-alignment parameters $a_F$, the electron EDM is evaded at the current bound for a benchmark with $a_D=a_E=0$ at 95 GeV and for small universal $a_F$ at 152 GeV, where production is dominated by Drell-Yan. The paper thereby correlates a collider anomaly with low-energy CP-violating observables in a basis-invariant way: the same $\bar Z_7$ that sets the diphoton rate also sets the EDM predictions.

Load-bearing premise

The explanation of the 95 GeV excess depends on the ad hoc choice to set the down-type and lepton flavor-alignment couplings to zero, which removes the electron electric dipole moment while keeping a small top-quark coupling for production; if those couplings are instead comparable to the top coupling, the current electron EDM bound excludes most of the favored region.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • The 95 GeV diphoton excess can be identified with $A$, while $H$ at about 98 GeV accounts for the LEP excess in $e^+e^-\to ZH$ with $H\to b\bar b$.
  • The 152 GeV diphoton excess can be reproduced only when the product $\mathrm{Im}\,\bar Z_7 \times |a_F|$ is small enough to evade the electron EDM, forcing production via Drell-Yan rather than gluon fusion.
  • Future neutron and proton EDM experiments at projected sensitivities should cover most of the parameter space that explains the 95 GeV excess.
  • For the 152 GeV benchmark the state $A$ has a large branching ratio to $W^\pm H^\mp$, so searches for a light charged Higgs boson provide a direct test of the scenario.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If both excesses are confirmed and this mechanism is right, the scalar spectrum is tightly predicted: $m_A$ at 95 or 152 GeV, $m_H$ near 98 GeV for the first case, and $m_{H^\pm}$ near 130 GeV, alongside a SM-like 125 GeV Higgs.
  • The choice $a_D=a_E=0$ suppresses the electron EDM by fiat; a symmetry that enforced this alignment would make the 95 GeV explanation more natural, and without it the electron EDM bound is a serious threat to the model.
  • The same correlation should hold in other extensions with a light CP-odd scalar: any large $A\to\gamma\gamma$ rate obtained through a charged-scalar loop with CP violation will generically predict nucleon EDMs near current limits.
  • Future LHC data on $\gamma\gamma+X$ and on $H^\pm\to cb$ can discriminate this scenario from a CP-conserving interpretation, because here the $A\to\gamma\gamma$ rate and the EDM predictions are locked together.
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Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

2 major / 5 minor

Summary. The paper examines the CP-violating flavor-aligned two-Higgs-doublet model in the Higgs basis, with the observed 125 GeV Higgs in the alignment limit. It observes that a complex Z7 parameter generates an H+H-h3 coupling that can make the decay h3 ≃ A → γγ sizable, and that the same CP-violating source induces electron, neutron, and proton EDMs. For two benchmark scenarios, m_h3 = 95 GeV and m_h3 = 152 GeV, the paper claims that the LHC diphoton excesses can be explained while respecting the current electron EDM bound, and that future neutron and proton EDM experiments will probe the relevant parameter space. It also comments on a possible h2 ≃ H interpretation of the LEP 98 GeV excess.

Significance. The paper's main contribution is a concrete, falsifiable link between the observed diphoton excesses and future EDM searches within a well-defined BSM framework. It provides a basis-invariant treatment of the CP-violating scalar sector and explicit branching-ratio tables for the benchmarks, and it checks several constraints with public tools (ScannerS, HiggsTools, MadGraph). The central mechanism—using a complex Z7 to generate both a large A→γγ rate and correlated EDMs—is interesting and potentially important, and the paper identifies parameter regions that future neutron and proton EDM experiments can decisively test. The caveat is that the quantitative regions shown rely on specially chosen alignment parameters and phases, as detailed below; if the result survives a broader scan, it would constitute a significant step in interpreting the 95 and 152 GeV excesses.

major comments (2)
  1. [Sec. V A, Table III] The viability of the 95 GeV explanation rests on the choice, stated after Eq. (39), to set aD = aE = 0, which 'strongly suppresses an effect in the very constraining electron EDM.' In the flavor-aligned 2HDM of Eq. (28), aU, aD, and aE are independent complex numbers; no symmetry in the model forces |aD|, |aE| to be much smaller than |aU| ~ 0.01. The two-loop Barr-Zee contributions to de scale as Im Z7 × Im(aE) and Im(aE aU*), so a generic aE of order aU with a non-negligible phase would violate the bound of Eq. (33) over most of the blue region in Fig. 2. The benchmark in Table III is only safe because aE = 0 and Arg aU = -0.03 are chosen. Since the abstract's headline claim is consistency with the electron EDM bound, the paper should either justify this hierarchy with a UV symmetry or extend the scan to non-zero aD and aE and quantify the surviving parameter space. As it stands, the advertised correlation is demonstrated only on a fine-tuned slice of the model's parameter space.
  2. [Sec. V B, Table V, Fig. 3] In the 152 GeV analysis, the authors fix aU = aD = aE = aF and choose Arg aF = -0.01 (Table V). The resulting electron-EDM constraint (orange region in Fig. 3) is satisfied because this small phase suppresses Im aF and thus the contributions to de. For a generic phase of order one, de would receive unsuppressed two-loop contributions proportional to Im Z7 × Im(aF) and Im(aF × aU*), and the allowed region in Fig. 3 would shrink substantially. The paper does not scan over the phase of aF or show that the correlation is phase-independent; it therefore establishes the A→γγ/EDM correlation for the 152 GeV excess only on a second, independently tuned slice. A scan or an analytic argument demonstrating insensitivity to the phase is needed to support the general claim.
minor comments (5)
  1. [Sec. III, Eq. (39)] The chain of approximations 'σGF(pp→h3) ≈ [1.5/(1+s12^2)] σGF(pp→h95) ≈ |aU|^2 100 pb' is not dimensionally consistent as typeset, since the first expression does not contain |aU|^2. The intended formula is likely σGF(pp→h3) ≈ [1.5/(1+s12^2)] |aU|^2 σGF(pp→h95) with σGF(pp→h95) ≈ 100 pb, and the text should be corrected.
  2. [Sec. IV, Eq. (33)] The notation '|de| ≤ (1.3 ± 2.0stat ± 0.6sys) × 10^-30 e cm' is not a valid statement of a bound, because an upper limit does not carry a central value and uncertainties. Please quote the measured value and the 90% CL limit separately, or clarify the exact statistical treatment used in the figures.
  3. [Sec. III, after Eq. (32)] The ScannerS cross-check is performed only for λ6 = λ7 = 0 and for the type-I Yukawa sector; it does not exercise the CP-violating Z7 couplings or the flavor-aligned Yukawa structure that drive the main results. The authors should state more precisely what the cross-check validates, or provide an additional check of the alignment-limit H+H-hk couplings used in the analysis.
  4. [Sec. IV] The electron EDM calculation is taken from the code of Ref. [90] rather than derived or displayed. Since the electron EDM bound is a central observable in this paper, including the analytic expression in the text or an appendix would improve reproducibility and allow the reader to see the parameter dependence explicitly.
  5. [Sec. V A, Tables II and III] The benchmark point with Re aU = -0.01 and Im Z7 = 0.4 yields a gluon-fusion production cross section that, combined with BR(h3→γγ) = 0.037, falls far below the signal required for the 95 GeV excess [cf. Eq. (37)]. It would clarify the presentation to state explicitly that this benchmark is used only for the branching-ratio table and does not lie in the preferred blue region of Fig. 2, or to choose a benchmark that is representative of the viable region.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: the A to gamma-gamma versus EDM correlation is a genuine two-parameter prediction checked against external bounds; the aD=aE=0 choice is a stated input, not a disguised fit.

full rationale

The derivation chain is self-contained. The diphoton width formula (Eq. 32) expresses Gamma(h_k -> gamma gamma) in terms of Z7 and the flavor-alignment parameters a_F, while the EDM expressions (Eqs. 33-35, together with the electron-EDM code of Ref. [90]) depend on the same parameters through different loop functions and operators. Fitting Im Z7 and Re a_U (or a_F) to the observed excess signal strengths does not by construction fix the electron, neutron, or proton EDMs; the electron EDM is controlled by different combinations such as Im Z7 x Im a_E, whereas the dominant A -> gamma gamma width is governed by |Im Z7|^2, so the two observables are genuinely correlated rather than identical. The paper's consistency with the electron-EDM bound is obtained not by renaming a fitted quantity but by an explicit parameter choice: in Sec. V A it states that setting a_D = a_E = 0 strongly suppresses an effect in the very constraining electron EDM. That is a stated assumption and a possible tuning concern, but it is not a circular step because it is an input, not a prediction derived from the model. The EDM calculations are cross-checked against independent tools (ScannerS) and external code (Ref. [90]), and the predictions are tested against the external experimental bound of Eq. (33) and future neutron/proton EDM sensitivities. The same-author citations that appear (e.g., Ref. [53] for the 152 GeV excess) are fits to external LHC data and are not used to justify the model's internal logic; they do not make the central claim reduce to its inputs. No step in the paper equates a predicted quantity with a fitted one by definition, and no load-bearing uniqueness theorem or ansatz is smuggled in via self-citation.

Assumptions & free parameters 6 free parameters · 5 assumptions · 0 invented entities

No new particles or degrees of freedom are introduced; the CP-violating Z7 coupling and the flavor-aligned Yukawa parameters are standard, though tuned, parameters of the 2HDM. The free parameters listed are the ones chosen by hand to make the diphoton excesses fit while respecting the electron EDM bound.

free parameters (6)
  • Im Z7 = 0.4 (95 GeV), 0.8 (152 GeV)
    Chosen by hand in Tables III and V to generate BR(A to gamma gamma) matching the diphoton excesses; the entire phenomenological signal hinges on this value.
  • Re aU or Re aF = Re aU = -0.01 (95 GeV), Re aF = 0.01 (152 GeV)
    Sets the gluon-fusion production strength and controls the EDM correlations; chosen ad hoc to fit the excess while passing the electron EDM.
  • aE and aD = 0 (95 GeV); universal aF (152 GeV)
    Set to zero or small in the 95 GeV benchmark to suppress the electron EDM; no symmetry enforces this.
  • theta12 = 0.25 (95 GeV), 0.01 (152 GeV)
    Chosen for the 95 GeV case to explain the LEP 98 GeV Higgs-strahlung excess while remaining consistent with LHC constraints.
  • m_H± = 130 GeV
    Chosen in light of the ATLAS t to (H± to cb)b excess and to open the A to W±H∓ decay, which affects total widths and BR(A to gamma gamma).
  • Arg aU or Arg aF = -0.03 (95 GeV), -0.01 (152 GeV)
    Small complex phase selected by hand; enters CP-violating observables through interference with Im Z7.
assumptions (5)
  • domain assumption The 2HDM with the most general CP-violating scalar potential and flavor-aligned Yukawa couplings (Eqs. 1 and 28) is a valid effective theory at the electroweak scale.
    The entire paper operates within this model; no UV completion is required for the loop-level phenomenology.
  • domain assumption The LHC diphoton excesses at 95 GeV and 152 GeV and the LEP 98 GeV excess are genuine signals of new physics.
    Explicitly stated in Sec. V: 'under the assumption that one of the two experimental excesses represents new physics beyond the SM.' If any excess is a fluctuation, the central correlations lose their target.
  • standard math The one-loop amplitude for hk to gamma gamma factorizes as in Eq. (32) with the listed loop functions, including the CP-odd A5f term.
    Based on Ref. [7]; cross-checked with ScannerS only for lambda6=lambda7=0, leaving the complex-Z7 case less directly verified.
  • domain assumption The electron EDM is correctly computed by the code of Ref. [90], and the neutron and proton EDMs are obtained from Eq. (34) with neglected hadronic theory uncertainties.
    The paper relies on external calculations; the neutron EDM formula has O(50%) or larger hadronic uncertainties which are not propagated into the projections.
  • ad hoc to paper The flavor-alignment parameters aF can be set to zero or made universal independently of the scalar potential parameters without violating renormalization-group stability or flavor constraints.
    Used in Secs. V A and V B to suppress the electron EDM; no symmetry or naturalness argument is provided.

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Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Correlating $A \to \gamma\gamma$ with electric dipole moments in the two Higgs doublet model in light of the diphoton excesses at 95 GeV and 152 GeV." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/3DI4FW66

@misc{pith2026241200523,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Correlating $A \to \gamma\gamma$ with electric dipole moments in the two Higgs doublet model in light of the diphoton excesses at 95 GeV and 152 GeV},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/3DI4FW66}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2412.00523}
}
abstract

We examine the correlations between new scalar boson decays to photons and electric dipole moments (EDMs) in the CP-violating flavor-aligned two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM). It is convenient to work in the Higgs basis $\{{H}_1, {H}_2\}$ where only the first Higgs doublet field ${H}_1$ acquires a vacuum expectation value. In light of the LHC Higgs data, which agree well with Standard Model (SM) predictions, it follows that the parameters of the 2HDM are consistent with the Higgs alignment limit. In this parameter regime, the observed SM-like Higgs boson resides almost entirely in ${H}_1$, and the other two physical neutral scalars, which reside almost entirely in ${H}_2$, are approximate eigenstates of CP (denoted by the CP-even $H$ and the CP-odd $A$). In the Higgs basis, the scalar potential term $\bar{Z}_7 {H}_1^\dagger {H}_2 {H}_2^\dagger {H}_2+{\rm h.c.}$ governs the charged-Higgs loop contributions to the decay of $H$ and $A$ to photons. If $ \text{Re } \bar{Z}_7 \, \text{Im } \bar{Z}_7 \neq 0$, then CP-violating effects are present and allow for an $H^+ H^- A$ coupling, which can yield a sizable branching ratio for $A\to\gamma\gamma$. These CP-violating effects also generate non-zero EDMs for the electron, the neutron and the proton. We examine these correlations for the cases of $m_{A}=95$ GeV and $m_{A}=152$ GeV where interesting excesses in the diphoton spectrum have been observed at the LHC. These excesses can be explained via the decay of $A$ while being consistent with the experimental bound for the electron EDM in regions of parameter space that can be tested with future neutron and proton EDM measurements. This allows for the interesting possibility where the 95 GeV diphoton excess can be identified with $A$, while $m_H\simeq 98$ GeV can account for the best fit to the LEP excess in $e^+e^-\to ZH$ with $H\to b\bar b$.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2412.00523 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. FIG. 1 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. FIG. 2 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. One can see that the electron EDM enforces the product of Im Z7 × |aF | to be small, such that the 152 GeV excess can only be explained for small values of the couplings |aF |, corresponding to the region where DY is the main production mechanism. If aE = 0, then the electron EDM constraint would be avoided, but the scenario could still be tested by future neutron and pro￾ton EDM measurements. In light of the large … view at source ↗

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Pith tools

Reviewed August 12, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.