Pith. sign in

REVIEW 3 major objections 5 minor 52 references

A Pulsed Live-Cell Quantum Microscope for Entangled Solid State and Biological Qubits

T0 review · 3 major / 5 minor · reviewed 2026-07-12 · grok-4.5

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

Pith's one-line read A single pulsed microscope can address both diamond NV spins and protein-hosted biological qubits inside the same living cell.

desk verdict Real dual-channel live-cell instrument with the first co-localized MagLOV + NV image, but the title and abstract claim simultaneous quantum-state manipulation that the data do not show. read the letter →

arxiv 2607.03552 v1 pith:3F44ITX5 submitted 2026-07-03 quant-ph

Javier Noé Ramos-Silva , Sangjun Noh , Minghao Jiang , Parisa Aghaei , Ayla Hazrathosseini , Jocelyn Leon , Philip Hemmer , Peter J. Burke This is my paper · ORCID
classification quant-ph
keywords quantumsensingMagLOVNVcenterbiologicalqubitmicroscopelive-cellimagingODMRRYDMR
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This paper reports a custom pulsed confocal microscope built on a standard inverted live-cell body that can initialize, drive, and read out solid-state nitrogen-vacancy (NV) spins in diamond and genetically encoded biological spin qubits (MagLOV-type radical pairs) at the same diffraction-limited spot. The instrument supplies nanosecond optical gating at both 450 nm and 520 nm, broadband microwave control from DC to 5 GHz, picosecond photon timing, and stationary-sample galvo scanning so that culture dishes and field coils stay fixed. The authors demonstrate single-NV optically detected magnetic resonance near 2.87 GHz, a spin-relaxation time of about 1.3 ms, confocal imaging of MagLOV-expressing HeLa cells, and, for the first time, simultaneous imaging of nanodiamond NV particles and MagLOV fluorescence inside the same living cell. The platform is presented as the optical and microwave infrastructure needed for future time-resolved radical-pair spectroscopy, entangled NV-pair sensing, and hybrid solid-state–biological entanglement experiments that no existing instrument can perform.

What carries the argument

The dual-color 4f-relay confocal path with shared galvo-galvo scanner and broadband loop antenna that keeps the live-cell sample fixed while delivering synchronized optical and microwave pulses to both qubit classes.

What would settle it

Attempt a pulsed RYDMR or pump–field–probe measurement on mitochondrially targeted MagLOV inside a living cell while simultaneously recording NV ODMR or T1 from a co-localized nanodiamond; failure to obtain usable contrast or timing would show the present architecture is not yet ready for the hybrid protocols it claims to enable.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

A single stationary-sample, galvo-galvo inverted microscope architecture can simultaneously manipulate and image solid-state NV-center qubits and protein-hosted biological qubits inside living cells by combining dual-color nanosecond optical pulsing, broadband microwave delivery (including both 2.87 GHz and ~600 MHz resonances), and single-photon timing.

Load-bearing premise

That the hardware already validated only by single-NV continuous-wave resonance, one relaxation curve, and dual-color imaging is already sufficient for the pulsed radical-pair and hybrid-entanglement experiments that motivate the instrument.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • Time-resolved magnetic-field-effect and RYDMR spectroscopy of radical-pair qubits becomes possible at cellular spatial scales on the same bench used for NV sensing.
  • NV-pair entanglement and gradiometry protocols can be run under live-cell culture conditions without moving electrodes or coils.
  • A hybrid experiment preparing an entangled state between a surface-proximal NV and a protein-hosted spin becomes experimentally addressable for the first time.
  • Multiplexed quantum sensing of both intracellular biochemistry and local magnetic fields can be performed in one optical volume.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Because the sample never moves, the same platform can later host patch-clamp electrodes or microfluidic perfusion while quantum measurements continue, something sample-scanning NV microscopes cannot do.
  • Direct current modulation of fiber-pigtailed diodes (instead of scarce AOMs) may become the practical default for multi-color pulsed quantum bioimaging once rise times of ~25 ns prove adequate for the target protocols.
  • Successful hybrid entanglement would convert genetic targeting into a resource for solid-state quantum sensors, allowing the NV to report on a specifically labelled organelle rather than an average local field.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

3 major / 5 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports the design, construction, and initial validation of a pulsed confocal quantum microscope built on an Olympus IX71 inverted body. The platform combines dual-color (450 nm / 520 nm) nanosecond-gated excitation, galvo-galvo scanning with piezo objective focus, single-photon timing, and broadband microwave delivery (DC–5 GHz) intended to address both NV centers (~2.87 GHz) and MagLOV-class biological radical-pair qubits (~500–800 MHz). Experimental results include diffraction-limited confocal localization of single NVs in an implanted diamond plate, CW ODMR near 2.87 GHz with ~1 % contrast, a pulsed T1 of ~1.3 ms, confocal imaging of TMRE-stained and MagLOV-expressing HeLa cells, and a dual-color image of MagLOV HeLa cells that have taken up nanodiamonds. The authors position the instrument as infrastructure for future pulsed RYDMR, NV-pair sensing, and hybrid solid-state–biological entanglement experiments.

Significance. If the platform truly supports simultaneous quantum-state control of solid-state and genetically encoded biological qubits inside living cells, it would open a previously inaccessible experimental regime at the quantum-biology interface. The stationary-sample inverted geometry, dual-color 4f architecture, open-hardware laser driver (qlaser), dual control-electronics paths (Time Tagger vs RFSoC/QICK-DAWG), and detailed parts lists and alignment procedures are genuine engineering contributions that lower the barrier for other groups. The demonstrated single-NV ODMR, T1, and dual-color live-cell imaging establish that both optical channels function on one bench. These strengths are real even if the strongest claims about simultaneous spin manipulation remain aspirational.

major comments (3)
  1. Abstract, title, and §I claim that the platform “enables simultaneous quantum state manipulation of both qubit technologies in live cells,” with Fig. 17 offered as the key demonstration. What is shown is dual-color fluorescence imaging of MagLOV emission and NV photoluminescence inside the same HeLa cell, plus separate single-NV CW ODMR (~1 % contrast) and one T1 curve on a bulk implanted diamond plate. No pulsed RYDMR, no RF-driven MagLOV contrast, no ODMR of nanodiamonds inside a living cell, and no simultaneous spin-control sequence on both species appear in the data. The microwave chain and nanosecond optical gating are described and are in principle compatible with both resonances, but the experimental results stop at imaging plus basic single-NV spin readout. The load-bearing gap is the leap from “both fluorophores can be imaged in one cell” to “both qubits can be quantum-state-man
  2. §III.B reports single-NV CW ODMR contrast of only ~1 %, which the authors attribute to insufficient microwave power from the current mechanical mounting. This is a load-bearing limitation for the platform’s stated purpose: future NV-pair entanglement protocols (refs. 15–17) and hybrid NV–biological experiments require usable Rabi rates and contrast. The manuscript should either demonstrate improved contrast with a revised mount or quantify the B1 field and projected Rabi frequency so that readers can assess readiness for the protocols that motivate the instrument.
  3. §II.C and §III describe the RF chain and nanosecond optical gating as ready for MagLOV RYDMR (~500–800 MHz) and for pulsed biological protocols, yet §III.E–F contain only confocal fluorescence images of MagLOV cells (and co-localized nanodiamonds). No MARY curve, no RYDMR spectrum, and no pump–probe / pump–field–probe time series are shown. Given that the authors’ own prior CW MagLOV work (ref. 5) already demonstrated RYDMR on a related inverted platform, the absence of even a basic pulsed or RF-driven biological-qubit measurement on this new instrument weakens the claim that the pulsed architecture has been validated for the biological channel.
minor comments (5)
  1. Fig. 1 caption states that generative AI was used to draft the figure; the final scientific content is the authors’ responsibility, but the caption could more clearly separate schematic elements from measured data.
  2. §II.A and Appendix A give a thorough alignment procedure; a short table of measured coupling efficiencies and typical photon rates for single NVs versus MagLOV cells would help other groups reproduce the performance.
  3. The RFSoC / QICK-DAWG path (Appendix D) is limited to 213 µs integration windows, which the authors correctly note is marginal for single-NV SNR. This limitation should be flagged earlier in the main text when the two control paths are introduced.
  4. Several self-citations (refs. 5, 23, 24) supply useful context; a brief sentence distinguishing what is new here from those prior CW demonstrations would improve clarity for non-specialist readers.
  5. Typographical inconsistencies appear (e.g., “biolgical” in §III.F; mixed use of MagLOV / MagLOV2). A careful proofread is needed.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No circularity: experimental instrumentation paper with measured ODMR/T1 and dual-color imaging; no derived prediction forced by its own inputs.

full rationale

This is an experimental methods/instrumentation paper. The load-bearing results are (i) confocal localization of single NVs, (ii) a measured CW ODMR dip near 2.87 GHz fitted by a Lorentzian, (iii) a measured T1 curve fitted by a single exponential yielding ~1.3 ms, and (iv) dual-color confocal images of MagLOV HeLa cells with nanodiamonds. None of these quantities is obtained by defining a parameter from the target data and then re-presenting that definition as a prediction. Self-citations (authors’ prior MagLOV RYDMR, NV-pair gradiometry, and CW MagLOV work) supply motivation and context for future experiments; they do not define or force the present ODMR contrast, T1 value, or co-localized image. The abstract’s stronger language about “simultaneous quantum state manipulation” is an aspirational framing of platform capability, not a circular derivation. No self-definitional loop, fitted-input-as-prediction, uniqueness theorem, or ansatz smuggling is present. Score 0 is therefore the correct outcome.

Assumptions & free parameters 3 free parameters · 3 assumptions · 0 invented entities

As an experimental instrumentation paper the load-bearing content is hardware performance and imaging data rather than new theoretical postulates. The few free parameters are ordinary fit results; the axioms are standard domain physics of NV centers and radical-pair magnetosensitivity already established in the cited literature.

free parameters (3)
  • T1 relaxation time = 1.29 ± 0.3 ms
    Single free parameter of the exponential fit to the measured signal/reference versus delay curve; reported value 1.29 ± 0.3 ms.
  • ODMR contrast and Lorentzian center = ~1 % contrast near 2.87 GHz
    Amplitude and center frequency of the Lorentzian fit to the CW ODMR spectrum; contrast ~1 % near 2.87 GHz.
  • Lateral FWHM resolution = ~300 nm
    Gaussian fit to line profiles of isolated NV spots used to extract ~300 nm resolution.
assumptions (3)
  • domain assumption Negatively charged NV centers possess a spin-dependent intersystem crossing that produces optically detectable magnetic resonance near 2.87 GHz at room temperature.
    Standard NV physics used throughout Sections II–III and Figure 1; taken from the established literature (Doherty, Schirhagl, etc.).
  • domain assumption MagLOV-family proteins generate a flavin–tryptophan spin-correlated radical pair whose singlet–triplet mixing is magnetic-field and RF sensitive, producing fluorescence contrast.
    Taken from the directed-evolution literature cited (Abrahams, Burd, Feder, etc.) and used to justify the 450 nm / 500–800 MHz channel.
  • domain assumption A stationary-sample galvo-galvo geometry on an inverted microscope body is compatible with live-cell culture dishes and microwave antennas.
    Design premise stated in Section II and the Conclusion; required for the biological compatibility claim.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of A Pulsed Live-Cell Quantum Microscope for Entangled Solid State and Biological Qubits." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/3F44ITX5

@misc{pith2026260703552,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: A Pulsed Live-Cell Quantum Microscope for Entangled Solid State and Biological Qubits},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/3F44ITX5}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2607.03552}
}
read the original abstract

Two revolutions in quantum sensing are converging on the same microscope stage. Biological qubits have emerged as genetically encoded, optically addressable quantum systems inside live cells. Solid state spin based qubits have been entangled and used as nanoscale correlator magnetometers, delivering sensitivity and spatial-resolution gains that single-spin probes cannot reach. Here we report a pulsed quantum microscope that enables simultaneous quantum state manipulation of both qubit technologies in live cells. The platform combines nanosecond-gated optical excitation at 450 nm and 520 nm, three-dimensional diffraction-limited addressing by galvo beam scanning and piezo objective focus, rapidly switched static and radio-frequency magnetic fields, single-photon timing with picosecond resolution, and microwave control for frequencies from DC to 5 GHz, including the 2.87 GHz resonance of solid state spins, the 500 MHz to 800 MHz resonance of radical pairs in biological qubits, and any future qubit resonance in the GHz range. Live cell imaging with simultaneous biological and solid state nanoparticle qubits in the same cell demonstrates the power of this technique for multiplexed quantum sensing. We anticipate this approach will open new opportunities for researchers to explore quantum sensing in live cells, and, ultimately, entanglement between a solid-state qubit and a protein-hosted spin qubit.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2607.03552 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. FIG. 1: Conceptual diagram of pulsed quantum microscope showing biological and solid state qubits in the same cell in one [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. FIG. 2: Schematic of the pulsed quantum microscope platform. The optical path comprises a fiber-coupled 520 nm laser, four [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. FIG. 3: Dual-excitation configuration at the laser input. A [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_3.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (10 more)
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5: Schematic of the dual AOM-based laser pulse [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_5.png]
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: FIG. 6: Antenna design and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_6.png]
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: FIG. 8: Broadband loop transmission line mounted on a Petri [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_8.png]
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: FIG. 10: (a) Confocal PL image of a low-dose implanted [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_10.png]
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: FIG. 11: Lateral resolution of the confocal microscope [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_11.png]
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: FIG. 13: Single NV CW ODMR spectrum. A clear [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_13.png]
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: FIG. 12: Single NV emission spectrum [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_12.png]
Figure 15
Figure 15. Figure 15: FIG. 15: Confocal image of TMRE-stained HeLa cells [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_15.png]
Figure 14
Figure 14. Figure 14: FIG. 14: Spin relaxation measurements on the selected NV [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_14.png]
Figure 16
Figure 16. Figure 16: FIG. 16: Confocal image of MagLOV-expressing HeLa cells [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p013_16.png]

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

52 extracted references · 1 linked inside Pith

  1. [1]

    Itoh and Eisuke Abe , doi =

    Daiki Misonou and Kento Sasaki and Shuntaro Ishizu and Yasuaki Monnai and Kohei M. Itoh and Eisuke Abe , doi =. Construction and operation of a tabletop system for nanoscale magnetometry with single nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond , volume =. AIP Advances , month =

  2. [2]

    Vallabhapurapu and Vikas K

    Yang Yang and Hyma H. Vallabhapurapu and Vikas K. Sewani and Maya Isarov and Hannes R. Firgau and Chris Adambukulam and Brett C. Johnson and Jarryd J. Pla and Arne Laucht , doi =. Observing hyperfine interactions of NV centers in diamond in an advanced quantum teaching lab , volume =. American Journal of Physics , month =

  3. [3]

    Little bits of diamond: Optically detected magnetic resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centers , volume =

    Haimei Zhang and Carina Belvin and Wanyi Li and Jennifer Wang and Julia Wainwright and Robbie Berg and Joshua Bridger , doi =. Little bits of diamond: Optically detected magnetic resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centers , volume =. American Journal of Physics , month =

  4. [4]

    Thompson and Nathalie P

    Zhiyang Yuan and Sounak Mukherjee and Jeff D. Thompson and Nathalie P. de Leon and Aedan Gardill and Shimon Kolkowitz , doi =. An instructional lab apparatus for quantum experiments with single nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond , volume =. American Journal of Physics , month =

  5. [5]

    Sewani and Hyma H

    Vikas K. Sewani and Hyma H. Vallabhapurapu and Yang Yang and Hannes R. Firgau and Chris Adambukulam and Brett C. Johnson and Jarryd J. Pla and Arne Laucht , doi =. Coherent control of NV centers in diamond in a quantum teaching lab , volume =. American Journal of Physics , month =

  6. [6]

    Mariani and A

    G. Mariani and A. Umemoto and S. Nomura , doi =. A home-made portable device based on Arduino Uno for pulsed magnetic resonance of NV centers in diamond , volume =. AIP Advances , month =

  7. [7]

    Doherty and Neil B

    Marcus W. Doherty and Neil B. Manson and Paul Delaney and Fedor Jelezko and Jörg Wrachtrup and Lloyd C.L. Hollenberg , doi =. The nitrogen-vacancy colour centre in diamond , volume =. Physics Reports , keywords =

  8. [8]

    Optical properties of diamond: a data handbook , year =

    Alexander M Zaitsev , publisher =. Optical properties of diamond: a data handbook , year =

Show all 52 references
  1. [9]

    Optical studies of the 1.945 eV vibronic band in diamond , volume =

    G Davies and M F Hamer , doi =. Optical studies of the 1.945 eV vibronic band in diamond , volume =. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences , pages =

  2. [10]

    Buckley and David D

    Audrius Alkauskas and Bob B. Buckley and David D. Awschalom and Chris G. Van De Walle , doi =. First-principles theory of the luminescence lineshape for the triplet transition in diamond NV centres , volume =. New Journal of Physics , keywords =

  3. [11]

    J. P. Tetienne and L. Rondin and P. Spinicelli and M. Chipaux and T. Debuisschert and J. F. Roch and V. Jacques , doi =. Magnetic-field-dependent photodynamics of single NV defects in diamond: an application to qualitative all-optical magnetic imaging , volume =. New Journal o...

  4. [12]

    N. B. Manson and J. P. Harrison and M. J. Sellars , doi =. Nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond: Model of the electronic structure and associated dynamics , volume =. Physical Review B , month =

  5. [13]

    Spin dynamics in the optical cycle of single nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond , volume =

    Lucio Robledo and Hannes Bernien and Toeno Van Der Sar and Ronald Hanson , doi =. Spin dynamics in the optical cycle of single nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond , volume =. New Journal of Physics , month =

  6. [14]

    Harrison and M

    J. Harrison and M. J. Sellars and N. B. Manson , doi =. Optical spin polarisation of the N-V centre in diamond , volume =. Journal of Luminescence , keywords =

  7. [15]

    Electronic structure of the N-V center in diamond: Theory , volume =

    A Lenef and S C Rand , issue =. Electronic structure of the N-V center in diamond: Theory , volume =. Physical Review B , pages =

  8. [16]

    M. V. Gurudev Dutt and L. Childress and L. Jiang and E. Togan and J. Maze and F. Jelezko and A. S. Zibrov and P. R. Hemmer and M. D. Lukin , doi =. Quantum Register Based on Individual Electronic and Nuclear Spin Qubits in Diamond , volume =. Science , month =

  9. [17]

    Hemmer and Jörg Wrachtrup and Fedor Jelezko , doi =

    Philipp Neumann and Johannes Beck and Matthias Steiner and Florian Rempp and Helmut Fedder and Philip R. Hemmer and Jörg Wrachtrup and Fedor Jelezko , doi =. Single-Shot Readout of a Single Nuclear Spin , volume =. Science , month =

  10. [18]

    Photo-induced ionization dynamics of the nitrogen vacancy defect in diamond investigated by single-shot charge state detection , volume =

    Nabeel Aslam and Gerhald Waldherr and Philipp Neumann and Fedor Jelezko and Joerg Wrachtrup , issue =. Photo-induced ionization dynamics of the nitrogen vacancy defect in diamond investigated by single-shot charge state detection , volume =. New Journal of Physics , pages =

  11. [19]

    C. L. Degen and F. Reinhard and P. Cappellaro , doi =. Quantum sensing , volume =. Reviews of Modern Physics , month =

  12. [20]

    Degen , doi =

    Romana Schirhagl and Kevin Chang and Michael Loretz and Christian L. Degen , doi =. Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond: Nanoscale sensors for physics and biology , volume =. Annual Review of Physical Chemistry , keywords =

  13. [21]

    P. J. Hore and Henrik Mouritsen , doi =. The Radical-Pair Mechanism of Magnetoreception , volume =. Annual Review of Biophysics , keywords =

  14. [22]

    Magnetic Field Effects in Chemical Kinetics and Related Phenomena , volume =

    Ulrich E Steiner and Thomas Ulrichf , journal =. Magnetic Field Effects in Chemical Kinetics and Related Phenomena , volume =

  15. [23]

    Antill and Christiane R

    Gabriel Abrahams and Ana Štuhec and Vincent Spreng and Robin Henry and Idris Kempf and Jessica James and Kirill Sechkar and Scott Stacey and Vicente Trelles-Fernandez and Lewis M. Antill and Christiane R. Timmel and Jack J. Miller and Maria Ingaramo and Andrew G. York and Jean...

    2026

  16. [24]

    Feder and Benjamin S

    Jacob S. Feder and Benjamin S. Soloway and Shreya Verma and Zhi Z. Geng and Shihao Wang and Bethel B. Kifle and Emmeline G. Riendeau and Yeghishe Tsaturyan and Leah R. Weiss and Mouzhe Xie and Jun Huang and Aaron Esser-Kahn and Laura Gagliardi and David D. Awschalom and Peter ...

    2025

  17. [25]

    de Leon , doi =

    Jared Rovny and Shimon Kolkowitz and Nathalie P. de Leon , doi =. Multi-qubit nanoscale sensing with entanglement as a resource , volume =. Nature 2025 647:8091 , keywords =

    2025

  18. [26]

    Entanglement-enhanced nanoscale single-spin sensing , volume =

    Xu Zhou and Mengqi Wang and Xiangyu Ye and Haoyu Sun and Yuhang Guo and Shuo Han and Zihua Chai and Wentao Ji and Kangwei Xia and Fazhan Shi and Ya Wang and Jiangfeng Du , doi =. Entanglement-enhanced nanoscale single-spin sensing , volume =. Nature 2025 647:8091 , keywords =

    2025

  19. [27]

    Dolgirev and Piotr Put and Eric L

    Xuan Hoang Le and Pavel E. Dolgirev and Piotr Put and Eric L. Peterson and Arjun Pillai and Alexander A. Zibrov and Eugene Demler and Hongkun Park and Mikhail D. Lukin , doi =. Wideband Covariance Magnetometry below the Diffraction Limit , volume =. Physical Review Letters , month =

  20. [28]

    Woodward , doi =

    Noboru Ikeya and Jonathan R. Woodward , doi =. Cellular autofluorescence is magnetic field sensitive , volume =. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , keywords =

  21. [29]

    Woodward , doi =

    Noboru Ikeya and Jonathan R. Woodward , doi =. A fluorescence microscopy platform for time-resolved studies of spin-correlated radical pairs in biological systems , volume =. Journal of the American Chemical Society , month =

  22. [30]

    Antill and Joseph Baidoo and Luca Gerhards , doi =

    Lewis M. Antill and Joseph Baidoo and Luca Gerhards , doi =. Revealing properties for enhanced quantum sensing in engineered proteins , url =. bioRxiv , month =

  23. [31]

    Burd and Nahal Bagheri and Alec F

    Shaun C. Burd and Nahal Bagheri and Alec F. Condon and Maria Ingaramo and Samsuzzoha Mondal and Dara P. Dowlatshahi and Jacob A. Summers and Srijit Mukherjee and Andrew G. York and Soichi Wakatsuki and Steven G. Boxer and Mark Kasevich , doi =. Magnetic resonance control of sp...

    2026

  24. [32]

    Fluctuation and Noise Letters , pages=

    Noise-Suppressed Quantum Sensing Using NV Pair Gradiometer , author=. Fluctuation and Noise Letters , pages=. 2026 , publisher=

    2026

  25. [33]

    A quantum interface with mitochondrial bioenergetics , howpublished =

    Parisa Aghaei and Sangjun Noh and Javier No. A quantum interface with mitochondrial bioenergetics , howpublished =

  26. [34]

    Rondin and G

    L. Rondin and G. Dantelle and A. Slablab and F. Grosshans and F. Treussart and P. Bergonzo and S. Perruchas and T. Gacoin and M. Chaigneau and H. C. Chang and V. Jacques and J. F. Roch , doi =. Surface-induced charge state conversion of nitrogen-vacancy defects in nanodiamonds...

  27. [35]

    Rosskopf and A

    T. Rosskopf and A. Dussaux and K. Ohashi and M. Loretz and R. Schirhagl and H. Watanabe and S. Shikata and K. M. Itoh and C. L. Degen , doi =. Investigation of Surface Magnetic Noise by Shallow Spins in Diamond , volume =. Physical Review Letters , month =

  28. [36]

    Schuster , doi =

    Leandro Stefanazzi and Kenneth Treptow and Neal Wilcer and Chris Stoughton and Collin Bradford and Sho Uemura and Silvia Zorzetti and Salvatore Montella and Gustavo Cancelo and Sara Sussman and Andrew Houck and Shefali Saxena and Horacio Arnaldi and Ankur Agrawal and Helin Zha...

  29. [37]

    , title =

    Burke, Peter J. , title =. 2024 , note =

    2024

  30. [38]

    Riendeau and Luca Basso and Jasmine J

    Emmeline G. Riendeau and Luca Basso and Jasmine J. Mah and Rong Cong and MA Sadi and Jacob Henshaw and KM Azizur-Rahman and Aulden Jones and Gajadhar Joshi and Michael P. Lilly and Andrew A. Mounce, Basso, Luca and Mah, Jasmine J. and Cong, Rong and Sadi, M. A. and Henshaw, Ja...

    2023 arXiv

  31. [39]

    Nature Methods , volume =

    Schindelin, Johannes and others , title =. Nature Methods , volume =. 2012 , doi =

    2012

  32. [40]

    Journal of Luminescence , volume=

    Sub-optical resolution of single spins using magnetic resonance imaging at room temperature in diamond , author=. Journal of Luminescence , volume=. 2010 , publisher=

    2010

  33. [41]

    Nature Physics , volume=

    Quantum register based on coupled electron spins in a room-temperature solid , author=. Nature Physics , volume=. 2010 , publisher=

    2010

  34. [42]

    Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering , pages=

    CMOS compatibility of semiconductor spin qubits , author=. Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering , pages=. 2026 , publisher=

    2026

  35. [43]

    Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics , volume=

    Silicon spin qubits from laboratory to industry , author=. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics , volume=. 2023 , publisher=

    2023

  36. [44]

    Intelligent Computing , volume=

    Single-electron spin qubits in silicon for quantum computing , author=. Intelligent Computing , volume=. 2025 , publisher=

    2025

  37. [45]

    Nature Nanotechnology , volume=

    On-demand electrical control of spin qubits , author=. Nature Nanotechnology , volume=. 2023 , publisher=

    2023

  38. [46]

    Nature , volume=

    An 11-qubit atom processor in silicon , author=. Nature , volume=. 2025 , publisher=

    2025

  39. [47]

    Quantum Effects and Measurement Techniques in Biology and Biophotonics , pages=

    Magnetic control of GFP-like fluorescent proteins , author=. Quantum Effects and Measurement Techniques in Biology and Biophotonics , pages=. 2024 , organization=

    2024

  40. [48]

    Journal of molecular biology , volume=

    Light-oxygen-voltage (LOV)-sensing domains: activation mechanism and optogenetic stimulation , author=. Journal of molecular biology , volume=. 2024 , publisher=

    2024

  41. [49]

    Nature Communications , volume=

    Structural dynamics of protein-protein association involved in the light-induced transition of Avena sativa LOV2 protein , author=. Nature Communications , volume=. 2024 , publisher=

    2024

  42. [50]

    Journal of the American Chemical Society , volume=

    Mechanism of giant magnetic field effect in a red fluorescent protein , author=. Journal of the American Chemical Society , volume=. 2025 , publisher=

    2025

  43. [51]

    bioRxiv , pages=

    The magnetic field-dependent fluorescence of MagLOV2 in live bacterial cells is consistent with the radical pair mechanism , author=. bioRxiv , pages=. 2026 , publisher=

    2026

  44. [52]

    Quantum Effects and Measurement Techniques in Biology and Biophotonics II , volume=

    Quantum sensing with an off-the-shelf super resolution microscope , author=. Quantum Effects and Measurement Techniques in Biology and Biophotonics II , volume=. 2025 , organization=

    2025

Pith tools

Reviewed July 12, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.