A Local Resolution of the Problem of Time. V. Combining Temporal and Configurational Relationalism for Finite Theories

As we have known comprehensively since the early 1990's works of Isham and Kucha\v{r}, The Problem of Time mostly concerns interferences between its many facets. Having introduced the local facets in Articles I to IV, we now show how Article I's approach to Temporal Relationalism can be combined with Article II's to Configurational Relationalism. This requires reformulating some of the Principles of Dynamics to be Temporal Relationalism implementing, a strategy which we follow through in each subsequent Article. All in all, around half of the Principles of Dynamics needs to be rewritten to solve this noted, 50-year-old and hitherto unresolved foundational problem. This stands as sufficient reason to render new resultant Principles of Dynamics - `TRiPoD' - a significant and worthwhile development of the Principles of Dynamics. This amounts to taking Jacobi's action principle more seriously than Jacobi himself did, or any authors in between: to constitute a new starting point for the entirety of the Principles of Dynamics is to be reworked. This can moreover be viewed as a mild recategorization necessitated by the Problem of Time. While mathematically simple to carry out, it requires quite a lot of conceptual developments, by which it is both prudent and useful exposition to present this first for finite rather than Field Theoretic examples in the current Article. Article VI then extends this approach to Field Theory and GR.