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arxiv: 2605.26228 · v1 · pith:3ZPB7BCHnew · submitted 2026-05-25 · 🌀 gr-qc

Donutization Inside Neutron Stars: Shell-Localized Scalar Fields

classification 🌀 gr-qc
keywords starsbehaviordonutizationfieldshiddenneutronobservationsscalar
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Heavy scalar fields ($m_\phi\gtrsim10^{-9}$ eV) in scalar-tensor gravity are expected to be hidden from neutron-star observations because their Compton wavelength is sub-stellar. We show that neutron stars can nevertheless scalarize by forming a shell-localized profile, suppressed at their center and exterior but peaked in their interior. This \emph{donutization} reshapes the effective equation of state, making hadronic stars mimic quark-star mass-radius behavior or hybrid-star behavior with split stable branches, and breaks the $I$--$Q$ relation, while remaining hidden from binary pulsar observations.

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