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Dark Matter Candidates of a Very Low Mass
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abstract
We review dark matter (DM) candidates of a very low mass, appearing in the window below the traditional weakly-interacting massive particle $m_\chi \lesssim 10$ GeV and extending down to $m_\chi \gtrsim 1$ meV, somewhat below the mass limit where DM becomes wavelike. Such candidates are motivated by hidden sectors such as Hidden Valleys, which feature hidden forces and rich dynamics, but have evaded traditional collider searches looking for New Physics because of their relatively weak coupling to the Standard Model. Such sectors can still be detected through dedicated low-energy colliders which, through their intense beams, can have sensitivity to smaller couplings, or through astrophysical observations of the evolution of DM halos and stellar structures which, through the Universe's epochs, can be sensitive to small DM interactions. We also consider mechanisms where the DM abundance is fixed through the interaction with the SM, which directly motivates the search for light DM in terrestrial experiments. The bulk of this review is dedicated to the new ideas that have been proposed for directly detecting such DM candidates of a low mass, through nuclear recoils, electronic excitations, or collective modes such as phonons and magnons. The rich tapestry of materials and modes in the Condensed Matter landscape is reviewed, along with specific prospects for detection.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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Spin-Dependent Scattering of Sub-GeV Dark Matter: Models and Constraints
A new calculation of spin-dependent sub-GeV dark matter phonon scattering shows only the light scalar mediator model retains testable parameter space, conditional on the supernova trapping window.
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Logarithmic Wavelets for Dark Matter--Phonon Scattering
A logarithmic Haar wavelet basis makes the vector space integration method practical for dark matter phonon scattering, covering the full momentum range with a single projection at sub-percent accuracy.
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First-principles upper bounds on dark matter-electron scattering rates from condensed matter sum rules
Dark matter-electron scattering rates in isotropic materials are bounded from above by a universal expression depending only on plasma frequency, mass density, and static dielectric function.
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Coherence from interference: a solvable model of sub-GeV dark matter-nucleus scattering
In an exactly solvable 1D lattice, coherent and incoherent DM-nucleus structure factors differ only by a crystal-momentum delta function that becomes unimportant for n≥2 phonons, validating hybrid Inc+LW rate calculations.
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Experimental signatures of Kalb-Ramond-like particles
Constraints on the mass and fermion couplings of Kalb-Ramond-like particles are derived from hydrogen hyperfine data, perturbative unitarity, and Bhabha scattering at 29 GeV and 136.23 GeV.
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Hunting axion dark matter with anti-ferromagnets: a case study with nickel oxide
Axion dark matter with meV-scale masses could be absorbed by magnons in nickel oxide, producing both resonant and broadband detection channels.
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Relativistic structure of a supermassive black hole embedded in the dark matter halo of NGC 4649 (M60)
A proposed exact black hole solution in an empirical dark matter halo of NGC 4649 is internally inconsistent: the claimed metric does not satisfy the paper's own field equation for F(r).
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