Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 43 of 43 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2501.12174.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2501.12174 v6

Coverage vector

measured 43 of 43 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.931279Z

measured 44 of 44 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T10:45:38.613380Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-16T10:45:38.961666Z

Reference resolution

43 of 43 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy15
unresolved27
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 88a5c7d1-2d5b-4cb3-9a4d-55421621a3b5 · outbound

This paper cites Program Synthesis with Large Language Models.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Program Synthesis with Large Language Models

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.715494Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3327a4d8-17c3-4667-a982-ed5dd9532cfc · outbound

This paper cites M., Gebru, T., McMillan-Major, A., and Shmitchell, S.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks M., Gebru, T., McMillan-Major, A., and Shmitchell, S

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:53.625479Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation ea952623-6d84-4046-9462-e2f7dad15b74 · outbound

This paper cites S., Abercrombie, G., Spruit, S., Hovy, D., Dinan, E., Boureau, Y.-L., and Rieser, V.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks S., Abercrombie, G., Spruit, S., Hovy, D., Dinan, E., Boureau, Y.-L., and Rieser, V

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:53.608104Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 72fa5c9b-8e26-461a-b0a2-69c165d1a929 · outbound

This paper cites Bad characters: Imperceptible nlp attacks.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Bad characters: Imperceptible nlp attacks

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:53.588473Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation c98aa731-547f-4fb8-9ae5-440b1ef33379 · outbound

This paper cites T., Low, S., Maxemchuk, N.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks T., Low, S., Maxemchuk, N

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:53.570718Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation f557fce2-9b8a-4b6f-a10e-b5526c280b4b · outbound

This paper cites Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.740666Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 35af2352-96b5-4394-a96a-0174ea7d5196 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.746363Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a8832e4c-34cd-4342-8f27-f3c66f12a80d · outbound

This paper cites Undetectable Watermarks for Language Models.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Undetectable Watermarks for Language Models

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.756227Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4413a64b-0ac7-4116-b9af-8c31cf4aea9d · outbound

This paper cites Machine Generated Text: A Comprehensive Survey of Threat Models and Detection Methods.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Machine Generated Text: A Comprehensive Survey of Threat Models and Detection Methods

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.760844Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0405cdcc-c2c8-452f-82bc-7f552234578c · outbound

This paper cites WordNet: An electronic lexical database.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks WordNet: An electronic lexical database

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:53.553956Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation fffd1fcc-c579-41d4-aeea-d224589e16f0 · outbound

This paper cites Three bricks to consolidate watermarks for large language models.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Three bricks to consolidate watermarks for large language models

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:53.537949Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation bd3e8999-114e-41bc-a967-af1415adef2f · outbound

This paper cites The Ethical Need for Watermarks in Machine-Generated Language.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks The Ethical Need for Watermarks in Machine-Generated Language

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.776594Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 61d4b8e9-76a0-4a23-bffd-c513cf4ea5ba · outbound

This paper cites The Curious Case of Neural Text Degeneration.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks The Curious Case of Neural Text Degeneration

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.781954Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eaabdaaf-59eb-4bd3-844a-773cd9cf2365 · outbound

This paper cites Automatic Detection of Machine Generated Text: A Critical Survey.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Automatic Detection of Machine Generated Text: A Critical Survey

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.787164Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 403d3c35-bab7-4d0d-a375-63470f49f460 · outbound

This paper cites A watermark for large language models.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks A watermark for large language models

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:53.521812Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 88a54f31-d1c7-4e59-95c0-eb7032c7b6cc · outbound

This paper cites On the Reliability of Watermarks for Large Language Models.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks On the Reliability of Watermarks for Large Language Models

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.797096Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 46e8e29a-c101-41cf-9606-05d2afb91ff2 · outbound

This paper cites Robust Distortion-free Watermarks for Language Models.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Robust Distortion-free Watermarks for Language Models

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.802135Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a398238b-dc88-4c25-93f4-40f641967e1a · outbound

This paper cites Crafting papers on machine learning.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Crafting papers on machine learning

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.807400Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation df646cb4-438d-42ce-befa-73924e5fd677 · outbound

This paper cites Who wrote this code? watermarking for code generation.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Who wrote this code? watermarking for code generation

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:53.494121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 9a402488-3288-4ff3-99de-a4f1edef5d56 · outbound

This paper cites StarCoder: may the source be with you!.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks StarCoder: may the source be with you!

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.817306Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1193cf62-140f-4926-82eb-4697c1eb5f27 · outbound

This paper cites A semantic invariant robust watermark for large language models.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks A semantic invariant robust watermark for large language models

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.822257Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1994e129-3b36-4ea4-86bd-27471abcb50c · outbound

This paper cites A survey of text watermarking in the era of large language models.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks A survey of text watermarking in the era of large language models

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:53.466753Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 7eb77a27-00af-4884-a170-b5e40199c7a0 · outbound

This paper cites An entropy-based text watermarking detection method.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks An entropy-based text watermarking detection method

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:53.449159Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation df5643bf-a7d8-4390-9879-6ca3b339deb4 · outbound

This paper cites DeepTextMark: A Deep Learning-Driven Text Watermarking Approach for Identifying Large Language Model Generated Text.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks DeepTextMark: A Deep Learning-Driven Text Watermarking Approach for Identifying Large Language Model Generated Text

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.835976Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7757b419-2884-4d8c-a2b3-13eafa550433 · outbound

This paper cites Chatgpt: Optimizing language models for dialogue.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Chatgpt: Optimizing language models for dialogue

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:53.431490Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 047e7bab-949e-46e2-b718-0550e67e4eef · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.845917Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bcaf5465-0313-4827-b282-66d827bf4511 · outbound

This paper cites WaterSeeker: Pioneering Efficient Detection of Watermarked Segments in Large Documents.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks WaterSeeker: Pioneering Efficient Detection of Watermarked Segments in Large Documents

Reference 28

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:53.130834Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 8537c121-ed62-4475-a85f-b9fb1521b327 · outbound

This paper cites Y., Wong, K., and Chee, K.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Y., Wong, K., and Chee, K

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.856097Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ec7fcd07-9cfb-4419-906d-b40c1354fbf5 · outbound

This paper cites W., Xu, T., Brockman, G., McLeavey, C., and Sutskever, I.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks W., Xu, T., Brockman, G., McLeavey, C., and Sutskever, I

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.861263Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 11ee5fb9-4f1e-4424-a215-209598cd3b93 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.866072Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f2d5cbfd-2e9e-46ae-a6f6-479d04574547 · outbound

This paper cites A robust semantics-based watermark for large language model against paraphrasing.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks A robust semantics-based watermark for large language model against paraphrasing

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.870963Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 62496673-7238-4bcf-96c2-c1c7eb902fff · outbound

This paper cites Embarrassingly simple text watermarks.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Embarrassingly simple text watermarks

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:53.393127Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 6e271043-3d29-4cc1-9d17-ad17af4cff66 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:53.377229Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b300c886-2145-498b-b154-3785a4fa5f10 · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.885908Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7e42d69d-d9fe-406e-88b9-d80ef08986da · outbound

This paper cites WaterBench: Towards Holistic Evaluation of Watermarks for Large Language Models.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks WaterBench: Towards Holistic Evaluation of Watermarks for Large Language Models

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.891073Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 77524688-d73c-4947-a64b-b15812196d33 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Codable Watermarking for Injecting Multi-bits Information to LLMs.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Towards Codable Watermarking for Injecting Multi-bits Information to LLMs

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.896133Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 02d0280c-5198-456f-ac44-997faadd2f92 · outbound

This paper cites Fairness feedback loops: training on synthetic data amplifies bias.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Fairness feedback loops: training on synthetic data amplifies bias

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:53.361685Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 3bb748a8-a20e-4000-afa3-7c65cb031d17 · outbound

This paper cites Tracing text provenance via context-aware lexical substitution.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Tracing text provenance via context-aware lexical substitution

Reference 39

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:53.345288Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 6844589f-a293-4f45-9564-6b539401f06d · outbound

This paper cites Watermarking text generated by black-box language models.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Watermarking text generated by black-box language models

Reference 40

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:53.328873Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 56206cb5-ba81-4ec2-9fdf-441854a6f53e · outbound

This paper cites Advancing beyond identification: Multi-bit watermark for large language models.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Advancing beyond identification: Multi-bit watermark for large language models

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.916755Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8189dde8-e2f8-493e-aef7-2f1228e7df4e · outbound

This paper cites OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.921613Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ef4acb33-d650-4224-85f2-74cff894a55e · outbound

This paper cites Provable Robust Watermarking for AI-Generated Text.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks Provable Robust Watermarking for AI-Generated Text

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.926617Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 12e52c7b-0797-48c8-88df-6b6680db8e86 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks write newline

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T17:36:52.931279Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation a9d464af-b5b7-4296-91e1-90ab8a429f4c · inbound

Unified attacks to large language model watermarks: spoofing and scrubbing in unauthorized knowledge distillation cites this paper.

Unified attacks to large language model watermarks: spoofing and scrubbing in unauthorized knowledge distillation BiMarker: Enhancing Text Watermark Detection for Large Language Models with Bipolar Watermarks

Reference 28

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-16T10:45:38.965430Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.