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arxiv 2207.14497 v2 pith:56WEDT2O submitted 2022-07-29 cond-mat.quant-gas

Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions in an easy-plane ferromagnetic superfluid

classification cond-mat.quant-gas
keywords spintemperaturephasesuperfluidtransitionassociatedcomponentcurrent
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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A two-dimensional (2D) spin-1 Bose gas exhibits two Berezenskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transitions in the easy-plane ferromagnetic phase. The higher temperature transition is associated with superfluidity of the mass current determined predominantly by a single spin component. The lower temperature transition is associated with superfluidity of the axial spin current, quasi-long range order of the transverse spin density and binding of polar-core spin vortices (PCVs). Above the spin BKT temperature, the component circulations that make up each PCV spatially separate, suggesting possible deconfinement analogous to quark deconfinement in high energy physics. Intercomponent interactions give rise to superfluid drag between the spin components, which we calculate analytically at zero temperature. We present the mass/spin superfluid phase diagram as a function of quadratic Zeeman energy $q$. At $q=0$ the system is in an isotropic spin phase with $\mathrm{SO}(3)$ symmetry. Here the fluid response exhibits a system size dependence, suggesting the absence of a BKT transition. Despite this, for finite systems the decay of spin correlations changes from exponential to algebraic as the temperature is decreased.

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