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Hidden Cores of Active Galactic Nuclei as the Origin of Medium-Energy Neutrinos: Critical Tests with the MeV Gamma-Ray Connection
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Mysteries about the origin of high-energy cosmic neutrinos have deepened by the recent IceCube measurement of a large diffuse flux in the 10-100 TeV range. Based on the standard disk-corona picture of active galactic nuclei (AGN), we present a phenomenological model enabling us to systematically calculate the spectral sequence of multimessenger emission from the AGN coronae. We show that protons in the coronal plasma can be stochastically accelerated up to PeV energies by plasma turbulence, and find that the model explains the large diffuse flux of medium-energy neutrinos if the cosmic rays carry only a few percent of the thermal energy. We find that the Bethe-Heitler process plays a crucial role in connecting these neutrinos and cascaded MeV gamma rays, and point out that the gamma-ray flux can even be enhanced by the reacceleration of secondary pairs. Critical tests of the model are given by its prediction that a significant fraction of the MeV gamma-ray background correlates with about 10 TeV neutrinos, and nearby Seyfert galaxies including NGC 1068 are promising targets for IceCube, KM3Net, IceCube-Gen2, and future MeV gamma-ray telescopes.
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Cited by 15 Pith papers
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Measurement of the Hubble constant with high-energy neutrinos
Using 12 neutrino-emitting Seyfert galaxies and the Cepheid-plus-TRGB distance to NGC 1068, the authors obtain the first neutrino-based Hubble constant estimate, H0 = 49+40-30 km/s/Mpc, with slope beta = 0.67+0.16-0.25.
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Astrophysical Neutrino Sources as Colliders
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Flavorful Interactions of AGN Neutrinos with Dark Matter Spike
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Revisiting bounds on neutrino dark matter interaction at spikes
For light vector mediators, neutrino energy loss in dark-matter spikes is negligible, so cascade attenuation is suppressed by a small factor f and prior cross-section bounds are relaxed by 1/f.
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Neutrino Diffusion within Dark Matter Spikes
Neutrinos diffusing through dense dark matter spikes around supermassive black holes can be delayed by days, but the accompanying flux suppression means dark matter alone probably cannot explain the observed 100+ day ...
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On the Origin of High Energy Neutrinos from NGC 1068: The Role of Non-Thermal Coronal Activity
NGC 1068's IceCube neutrinos are attributed to non-thermal particle acceleration in the black hole corona, with coronal parameters derived from a millimeter excess and a testable MeV gamma-ray prediction.
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A two-zone model for blazar emission: implications for TXS 0506+056 and the neutrino event IceCube-170922A
A two-zone blazar model, with neutrinos produced near the broad-line region and the low-energy light from an outer zone, raises the predicted neutrino flux from TXS 0506+056 by about an order of magnitude.
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Multi-messenger tests of cosmic-ray acceleration in radiatively inefficient accretion flows
Nearby low-luminosity active galactic nuclei with radiatively inefficient accretion flows should emit detectable MeV gamma rays and TeV-PeV neutrinos for future instruments, provided protons are accelerated with the a...
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Can a gamma-ray dim radio blazar produce a 200-PeV neutrino? The case of PMN J0606$-$0724 and KM3-230213A
A gamma-ray dim radio blazar, PMN J0606-0724, can plausibly explain the 200 PeV KM3NeT neutrino through proton-photon interactions in its radio core, with the associated gamma rays absorbed internally.
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Cosmic-ray boosted inelastic dark matter from neutrino-emitting active galactic nuclei
A cosmic-ray boosted, inelastic dark matter flux from two neutrino-emitting AGNs gives new Super-K and XENONnT limits that reach part of the thermal freeze-out target for sub-GeV dark matter.
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Exploring the properties of newborn pulsars with high-energy neutrinos
Neutrinos from newborn pulsar winds hitting supernova ejecta could be detected from a galactic source by IceCube if B/P^2 exceeds ~0.003, with parameter constraints and a detectable diffuse flux for next-generation te...
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Axion-like particle limits from multi-messenger sources
A jet-plus-corona model of NGC 1068, constrained by IceCube neutrinos, gives ALP-photon coupling limits g_aγ ≲ 7×10^-11 GeV^-1 for masses below 10^-9 eV, weaker than current bounds but offering a new multi-messenger route.
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On the Blueprint of Active Galaxies Producing Neutrinos
Neutrinos from active galaxies are produced in compact X-ray-bright coronae within about ten Schwarzschild radii of the black hole, and such sources may supply the diffuse neutrino flux.
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Road through Dark$\nu$ess: Probing dark matter-neutrino interactions using KM3-230213A
Using the 220 PeV event KM3-230213A, the authors set the highest-energy constraints to date on dark matter-neutrino scattering, and for energy-dependent cross sections they report some of the strongest existing limits.
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Supermassive black holes and their surroundings: MeV signatures
A review of open questions in supermassive black hole physics that argues the MeV gamma-ray band is the critical missing observational window.
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